Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Review article

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Metabolic sarcopenia in the era of incretin-based therapy: a narrative review of mitochondrial determinants of muscle quality and emerging therapeutic strategies: Chan Ho Park, Jae Han Jeon, Min-Ji Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2026;43:61. Published online September 2, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2026.43.61

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Abstract PDF: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and related incretin-based therapies have transformed obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus care by producing clinically meaningful weight reductions, improving glycemic control, and modifying cardiometabolic risks. Their success has also exposed a new clinical question: Should weight loss be evaluated not only by magnitude but also by quality? In older adults and patients with obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity, chronic inflammation, or low nutritional reserve, lean mass loss during pharmacological weight reduction may contribute to or exacerbate vulnerability to metabolic sarcopenia, frailty, dysmobility, and fracture risk. Skeletal muscle is a major determinant of glucose disposal and whole-body metabolic flexibility, and mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a convergent mechanism linking insulin resistance, obesity, aging, and sarcopenia. Altered mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, mitophagy, oxidative phosphorylation, redox balance, calcium handling, and substrate selection may reinforce metabolic inflexibility and impaired muscle adaptation. Pyruvate oxidation via the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and its regulatory kinases represents an illustrative pathway within this broader mitochondrial network. This review integrates GLP-1–based metabolic disease management, muscle health, and mitochondrial quality control. We propose a therapeutic framework that combines incretin pharmacotherapy with resistance exercise, protein and micronutrient support, monitoring of body composition and function, and investigational mitochondria-targeted strategies.

Focused Review articles

Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
The prevalence and prevention strategies of pediatric obesity: a narrative review: Mi Seon Lee; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):141-149. Published online July 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00346

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Pediatric obesity has rapidly increased globally over the past few decades, including in Korea. We aimed to discuss trends in the prevalence of pediatric obesity and effective prevention strategies. Its prevalence has markedly increased in most high-income nations. According to recent reports, this increase has slowed in developed countries, but the levels remain alarmingly high. In Korea, the rate of pediatric obesity has surged notably since the 1990s; however, since the 2000s, this increase has become more gradual. According to recently published 2017 growth charts, the prevalence of pediatric obesity in Korea varies slightly depending on the data source. The National School Health Examination data showed that pediatric obesity gradually increase from 11.5% in 2014 to 15.1% in 2019, and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, it sharply increased to 19% in 2021. Based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of pediatric obesity gradually increased from 10.8% in 2017 to 13.6% in 2019. This trend, which accelerated sharply to 15.9% in 2020 and 19.3% in 2021, was especially severe in boys and older children. Pediatric obesity not only affects health during childhood but also increases the risk of developing obesity and associated health conditions in adulthood. Despite ongoing research on treatment options, obesity prevention and control remain challenging. Hence, prioritizing early intervention and prevention of pediatric obesity through healthy eating habits and lifestyles is crucial. This requires intervention at the individual, family, school, and community levels.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Current Practices and Challenges in Pediatric Obesity Management (POM): A Nationwide Survey of Physicians in Korea
Yoon Lee, Minsoo Shin, Sochung Chung, Jahye Jung, Ah-Ram Sul, Yong Hee Hong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between low-carbohydrate diet score and childhood obesity: a national population-based study
Fei Wang, Zhen Liu, Fengfeng Liu, Xue Qiao, Zhuhui Zhao, Lan Zhang
BMC Pediatrics.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Obesity in children and adolescents in different racial and ethnic groups: a review of current studies
E. D. Stepanova
Transbaikalian Medical Bulletin.2025; (2): 211. CrossRef
Examining Pediatric Emergency Utilization Trends Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Eight-Year Cohort Study from a South Korean Tertiary Center
Hae Jeong Lee, Yechan Kyung, Dong Wan Kang, Mi Hyeon Jin, Seoheui Choi, Jun Hwa Lee
Children.2025; 12(9): 1232. CrossRef
Exploring comprehensive insights into pediatric obesity
Yong Hee Hong
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2024; 41(3): 139. CrossRef
Title: A Qualitative Systematic Review of Parental Perceptions, Motivators, and Barriers to Management of Childhood Obesity
Sarah Musa, Ayman Al-Dahshan, Vahe Kehyayan
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2024; Volume 17: 4749. CrossRef

Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Effective and appropriate use of weight loss medication in pediatric obesity: a narrative review: Yoojin Lindsey Chung; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):158-165. Published online July 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00353

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Abstract PDF

Over the past few decades, there has been a notable increase in the incidence of pediatric obesity, which is a significant public health concern. Children who are obese have a greater risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and adult obesity. Lifestyle modification therapy is typically the initial approach to treat pediatric obesity. For patients who do not achieve success with lifestyle modification therapy alone, pharmacotherapy is the next logical treatment option. When selecting an anti-obesity medication (AOM), it is essential to first ascertain the medical background of the patient, including current medications and obesity-associated comorbidities. Evaluation of obesity phenotypes in patients may also be beneficial. AOMs for pediatric obesity include metformin, orlistat, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, phentermine, and the phentermine/topiramate combination. Sufficient lifestyle modification therapy should be administered before considering pharmacotherapy and continued after the initiation of AOM. To ensure healthy development, monitoring growth and puberty development during anti-obesity treatments is essential.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Beyond lifestyle modification: the role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in treating pediatric obesity
Hua Wen
Frontiers in Pediatrics.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Health-Related Behaviors and BMI Across Three School Years: Annual Bayesian Network Patterns During the PETICA Childhood Obesity Prevention Program
Sara Cobal Pravdić, Darija Vranešić Bender, Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić, Ema Kazazić, Željko Krznarić, Želimir Kurtanjek
Children.2026; 13(10): 1298. CrossRef
Pediatric Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery and Antiobesity Medications: Weighing Efficacy, Risks, and Future Directions
Justine O. Chinn, Jennifer Woo Baidal, Janey S.A. Pratt, W. Elizabeth Shepard, Gillian L. Fell
The Journal of Pediatrics.2025; 283: 114610. CrossRef
Beyond the Summer: Sustaining Healthy Lifestyles and Addressing Pediatric Obesity Year-Round
Lolita Alcocer Alkureishi
Pediatric Annals.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
CHILDHOOD OBESITY: EPIDEMIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, AND EVIDENCE-BASED PREVENTION AND TREATMENT — AN UPDATED NARRATIVE REVIEW (2019–2025)
Helena Szelka, Krystian Czyżykowski, Anna Maria Gęsińska, Bartosz Golis, Paweł Edyko, Alicja Babula, Wiktor Golus, Katarzyna Andrzejewska, Zuzanna Przybyła, Hubert Woźniak
International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring comprehensive insights into pediatric obesity
Yong Hee Hong
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2024; 41(3): 139. CrossRef

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
What is the disease burden from childhood and adolescent obesity?: a narrative review: Eun Byoul Lee; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):150-157. Published online June 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00360

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Abstract PDF

The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased and exacerbated during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, both in Korea and globally. Childhood and adolescent obesity poses significant risks for premature morbidity and mortality. The development of serious comorbidities depends not only on the duration of obesity but also on the age of onset. Obesity in children and adolescents affects almost all organ systems, including the endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive, nervous, and immune systems. Obesity in children and adolescents affects growth, cognitive function, and psychosocial interactions during development, in addition to aggravating known adult comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and cancer. Childhood and adolescent obesity are highly associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in later life can be considerably decreased by even a small weight loss before the onset of puberty. Childhood and adolescent obesity is a disease that requires treatment and is associated with many comorbidities and disease burdens. Therefore, early detection and therapeutic intervention are crucial.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Natural History of Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in the Pediatric Population
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Obesity impairs male reproductive development in prepubertal boys via local adipose tissue inflammation and the STAT3/CYP19A1 pathway
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Gut Microbiome–Hormone Interactions and Precision Fermentation in the Prevention of Early Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents
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Adolescent obesity and risk of serious chronic morbidity and mortality in young adulthood: a systematic review of cohorts from national registries
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Nutritional and behavioral determinants of overweight and obesity among school-aged children in Shandong Province, China: evidence from a large-scale cross-sectional study
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Health-Related Behaviors and BMI Across Three School Years: Annual Bayesian Network Patterns During the PETICA Childhood Obesity Prevention Program
Sara Cobal Pravdić, Darija Vranešić Bender, Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić, Ema Kazazić, Željko Krznarić, Želimir Kurtanjek
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Effectiveness of Telehealth and Wearable Device-Based Interventions for Managing Childhood and Adolescent Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Review article

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting: a narrative review: Dae-Kyu Song, Yong-Woon Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):4-11. Published online April 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00010

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742 Download
45 Web of Science
57 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Caloric restriction is a popular approach to treat obesity and its associated chronic illnesses but is difficult to maintain for a long time. Intermittent fasting is an alternative and easily applicable dietary intervention for caloric restriction. Moreover, intermittent fasting has beneficial effects equivalent to those of caloric restriction in terms of body weight control, improvements in glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, the beneficial effects of intermittent fasting are discussed.

Citations

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Martyna Bednarczyk, Nicola Dąbrowska-Szeja, Dariusz Łętowski, Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak, Dariusz Waniczek, Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń
Nutrients.2024; 16(23): 4003. CrossRef
Examining Associations Between Fasting Behavior, Orthorexia Nervosa, and Eating Disorders
Przemysław Domaszewski, Aleksandra M. Rogowska, Kaja Żylak
Nutrients.2024; 16(24): 4275. CrossRef
Age-related differences in the effect of intermittent fasting on the morphofunctional parameters of the rat's pancreas
R.V. Yanko
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Wenzhen Yin, Lijun Sun, Yuan Liang, Chao Luo, Tiange Feng, Yunhua Zhang, Weizhen Zhang, Yue Yin
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Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Original article

Immunology and Allergy
Age-related low skeletal muscle mass correlates with joint space narrowing in knee osteoarthritis in a South Korean population: a cross-sectional, case-control study: Hyun-Je Kim, Young-Hoon Hong; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(4):285-293. Published online February 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2021.01536

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Abstract PDF

Background
This study was conducted to analyze the effects of low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and obesity on aging-related osteoarthritis (OA) in the Korean population.
Methods
A total of 16,601 participants who underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and 3,976 subjects with knee X-rays according to the modified Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) system were enrolled. Knees of ≥KL grade 2 were classified as radiologic OA. The severity of joint space narrowing (JSN) was classified by X-rays as normal, mild-to-moderate, and severe JSN in radiologic OA. The subjects were grouped as normal SMI (SMI of ≥–1 standard deviation [SD] of the mean), low SMI class I (SMI of ≥–2 SDs and <–1 SD), and low SMI class II (SMI of <–2 SDs). Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥27.5 kg/m2.
Results
The modified KL grade and JSN severity were negatively correlated with the SMI and positively correlated with BMI and age. The SMI was negatively correlated with age. JSN severity was significantly associated with a low SMI class compared to a normal SMI, which was more prominent in low SMI class II than class I. Obesity was significantly associated with more severe JSN, only for obesity with a low SMI class. Furthermore, patients with a low SMI class, regardless of obesity, were prone to having more severe JSN.
Conclusion
This study suggested that a low SMI class was associated with aging and that an age-related low SMI was more critically related to the severity of JSN in OA.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Impact of Preoperative Muscle Mass on Postoperative Functional Outcomes Following Total Knee Arthroplasty：An Investigation under a Criteria-Based Protocol
Keita Kawabuchi, Shota Maniwa, Kenta Yamane, Ryoka Taniguchi, Kyohei Inoue, Masatoshi Nakamura
The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine.2026; 63(5): 509. CrossRef
Prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in patients with osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Qi Xie, Yujie Su, Juanping Zhong, Jundan Huang, Hui Feng
Geriatric Nursing.2025; 66: 103701. CrossRef
Causal relationship between sarcopenia and osteoarthritis: a bi-directional two-sample mendelian randomized study
Jiyong Yang, Peng Liu, Shuai Wang, Tao Jiang, Yilong Zhang, Wengang Liu
European Journal of Medical Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Review Article

Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Childhood.: Kwang Hae Choi; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2012;29(2):73-76. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2012.29.2.73

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Abstract PDF: More and more children are becoming obese and overweight due to several factors that include a high energy density in the diet (a high fat intake) and low energy expenditure. Consequently childhood obesity is becoming a significant health problem. Fat tissue releases many cytokines such as resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, interleukin-6. These adipocytokines induce obesity-related insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a key component of obesity-related metabolic problems such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, acanthosis nigricans and polycystic ovarian syndrome. This review article focused on insulin resistance and its related metabolic diseases.

Original Articles

Public Health, Environmental, and Occupational Health
Life Style and Perception of Obesity of Male White Collar Workers.: Ji Hyeon Kim, Joon Sakong; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2):287-295. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2.287

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
This study investigated and analyzed the life style of male white-collar workers and their perception of obesity to determine how to improve eating habits and prevent obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the questionnaires distributed to and collected from 300 male white-collar workers in Daegu, the survey was conducted from December 20, 2005 to February 28, 2006. Two hundred sets of collected questionnaires were used for the analysis, and SPSS WIN 12.0 was employed to analyze the data. RESULTS: Forty-two percent of subjects had weights ranging between 71 kg and 80 kg; 39.5%, weighted between 61 kg and 70 kg. The waist measurements of 64.5% of all respondents were between 32 and 34 inches. The lifestyle questions found that 54% of respondents were smokers and 88.5% drank alcohol. In addition, 62.5% of all respondents reported doing exercise, whereas 37.5% reported no exercise. CONCLUSION: The height and weight of 200 respondents were used to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Only 31.6% had a normal BMI, whereas 32% were found to be overweight, a condition likely to lead to obesity. Meanwhile, 36.5% of respondents were obese or morbidly obese.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Factors Associated With Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Behavior Among Office Workers Based on an Ecological Model
Jihyon Pahn, Youngran Yang
Sage Open.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Obesity Management Program Provided by Occupational Health Nurse in Worksite
Sohyune R. Sok, Ok Sun Kim, Mi Hee Park
Western Journal of Nursing Research.2019; 41(5): 728. CrossRef
The Effects of Obesity Stress, Weight Bias, and Heath Care on BMI in Soldiers of Non-combat Area
Kyeng Jin Kim, Yeon Kyung Na
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(3): 199. CrossRef
Comparison in Convergence Factors in Stress of Workers in the Field of Railroad Electricity and Vehicles by their working position
Byeong-Rock Jeon, Hyun-Ju Lee
Journal of Digital Convergence.2016; 14(4): 337. CrossRef
The Relationship between Lifestyle and Health Status among White Collar Workers in a Community
Ji-Min Lee, Young-Sook Kwon, Kyung-Shin Paek
Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(8): 411. CrossRef
Diet and Lifestyle Factors Affecting Obesity: A Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey Analysis
Chang-Keun Kwock, Jung-Min Lee, Eun-Mi Kim, Min-A Lee
Preventive Nutrition and Food Science.2011; 16(2): 117. CrossRef

Biochemistry
Association Analyses of beta3AR Trp64Arg and UCP-2 -866G/A Polymorphisms with Body Mass Index in Korean.: Hong Soo Jung, Joo Hyun Lee, Jun Sakong, Sung Wook Bae, Jung Hye Kim, Jae Ryong Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2):252-261. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2.252

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in Western society as well as in Korea. Obesity results from a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In an attempt to investigate the association of obesity with its candidate genes, beta3 adrenergic receptor (beta3AR) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), we analyzed polymorphisms of beta3AR Trp64Arg and UCP2 -866G/A by PCR-RFLP analysis and the obesity-related phenotypes, including body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose concentration, and plasma lipid profiles in 750 subjects. RESULTS: The Trp64Arg polymorphism in the beta3AR gene was not statistically associated with the BMI. The UCP2 -866G/A polymorphism was significantly higher in obese than in non-obese subjects (P<0.05). However, the UCP2 -866A/A polymorphism was higher in the non-obese subjects. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the UCP2 -866G/A polymorphism might be more useful for the prediction of obesity and obesity-associated diseases in Korean patients than the beta3AR Trp64Arg polymorphism.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Clinical Course of Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Na-Ri Kang, Young-Sook Kwack
Journal of korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2012; 23(1): 3. CrossRef

Urology
Association between Obesity and Prostate Cancer.: Chang Jun Yoon, Ki Hak Moon, Tong Choon Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2005;22(2):199-210. Published online December 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2005.22.2.199

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The role of obesity in prostate cancer etiology remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between obesity and prostate cancer risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2000 and June 2005, 286 patients suspected of having prostate cancer underwent prostate biopsy. The clinical records of the 286 study patients were retrospectively reviewed with regard to age, Body Mass Index (BMI), serum PSA, TRUS, and prostate biopsy results. They were stratified by BMI into three groups according to the cutoffs recommended for Asian populations: normal, BMI less than 23 kg/m2; overweight, BMI 23 to 25 kg/m2; and obese, BMI greater than 25 kg/m2. RESULTS: As for BMIs, 132 (46.2%) were normal, 95 (33.2%) overweight and 59 (20.6%) were obese. A total of 99 (34.6%) patients were diagnosed as having prostate cancer. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, no significant association was observed between BMI and prostate cancer detection. CONCLUSION: We initially hypothesized that obesity may be biologically associated with increased prostate cancer development. However, our study did not show a significant association between BMI and prostate cancer.

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