Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Focused Review articles

The prevalence and prevention strategies of pediatric obesity: a narrative review: Mi Seon Lee; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):141-149. Published online July 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00346

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Pediatric obesity has rapidly increased globally over the past few decades, including in Korea. We aimed to discuss trends in the prevalence of pediatric obesity and effective prevention strategies. Its prevalence has markedly increased in most high-income nations. According to recent reports, this increase has slowed in developed countries, but the levels remain alarmingly high. In Korea, the rate of pediatric obesity has surged notably since the 1990s; however, since the 2000s, this increase has become more gradual. According to recently published 2017 growth charts, the prevalence of pediatric obesity in Korea varies slightly depending on the data source. The National School Health Examination data showed that pediatric obesity gradually increase from 11.5% in 2014 to 15.1% in 2019, and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, it sharply increased to 19% in 2021. Based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of pediatric obesity gradually increased from 10.8% in 2017 to 13.6% in 2019. This trend, which accelerated sharply to 15.9% in 2020 and 19.3% in 2021, was especially severe in boys and older children. Pediatric obesity not only affects health during childhood but also increases the risk of developing obesity and associated health conditions in adulthood. Despite ongoing research on treatment options, obesity prevention and control remain challenging. Hence, prioritizing early intervention and prevention of pediatric obesity through healthy eating habits and lifestyles is crucial. This requires intervention at the individual, family, school, and community levels.

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Exploring comprehensive insights into pediatric obesity
Yong Hee Hong
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2024; 41(3): 139. CrossRef

Effective and appropriate use of weight loss medication in pediatric obesity: a narrative review: Yoojin Lindsey Chung; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):158-165. Published online July 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00353

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Abstract PDF

Over the past few decades, there has been a notable increase in the incidence of pediatric obesity, which is a significant public health concern. Children who are obese have a greater risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and adult obesity. Lifestyle modification therapy is typically the initial approach to treat pediatric obesity. For patients who do not achieve success with lifestyle modification therapy alone, pharmacotherapy is the next logical treatment option. When selecting an anti-obesity medication (AOM), it is essential to first ascertain the medical background of the patient, including current medications and obesity-associated comorbidities. Evaluation of obesity phenotypes in patients may also be beneficial. AOMs for pediatric obesity include metformin, orlistat, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, phentermine, and the phentermine/topiramate combination. Sufficient lifestyle modification therapy should be administered before considering pharmacotherapy and continued after the initiation of AOM. To ensure healthy development, monitoring growth and puberty development during anti-obesity treatments is essential.

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Exploring comprehensive insights into pediatric obesity
Yong Hee Hong
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2024; 41(3): 139. CrossRef

What is the disease burden from childhood and adolescent obesity?: a narrative review: Eun Byoul Lee; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):150-157. Published online June 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00360

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Abstract PDF

The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased and exacerbated during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, both in Korea and globally. Childhood and adolescent obesity poses significant risks for premature morbidity and mortality. The development of serious comorbidities depends not only on the duration of obesity but also on the age of onset. Obesity in children and adolescents affects almost all organ systems, including the endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive, nervous, and immune systems. Obesity in children and adolescents affects growth, cognitive function, and psychosocial interactions during development, in addition to aggravating known adult comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and cancer. Childhood and adolescent obesity are highly associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in later life can be considerably decreased by even a small weight loss before the onset of puberty. Childhood and adolescent obesity is a disease that requires treatment and is associated with many comorbidities and disease burdens. Therefore, early detection and therapeutic intervention are crucial.

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Exploring comprehensive insights into pediatric obesity
Yong Hee Hong
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2024; 41(3): 139. CrossRef

Review article

Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting: a narrative review: Dae-Kyu Song, Yong-Woon Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):4-11. Published online April 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00010

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Abstract PDF

Caloric restriction is a popular approach to treat obesity and its associated chronic illnesses but is difficult to maintain for a long time. Intermittent fasting is an alternative and easily applicable dietary intervention for caloric restriction. Moreover, intermittent fasting has beneficial effects equivalent to those of caloric restriction in terms of body weight control, improvements in glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, the beneficial effects of intermittent fasting are discussed.

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Intermittent fasting and longevity: From animal models to implication for humans
Olha Strilbytska, Svitlana Klishch, Kenneth B. Storey, Alexander Koliada, Oleh Lushchak
Ageing Research Reviews.2024; 96: 102274. CrossRef
Combined Aerobic Exercise with Intermittent Fasting Is Effective for Reducing mTOR and Bcl-2 Levels in Obese Females
Purwo Sri Rejeki, Adi Pranoto, Deandra Maharani Widiatmaja, Dita Mega Utami, Nabilah Izzatunnisa, Sugiharto, Ronny Lesmana, Shariff Halim
Sports.2024; 12(5): 116. CrossRef
Effect of Intermittent Fasting Interventions for Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults – A Systematic Review
Teena Lal, S. J. Ajeet Arulkumar, S. Roopa
Acta Medica International.2024; 11(1): 7. CrossRef
Intermittent fasting influences immunity and metabolism
Daniel M. Marko, Meghan O. Conn, Jonathan D. Schertzer
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Intermittent Fasting Improves Social Interaction and Decreases Inflammatory Markers in Cortex and Hippocampus
Martín García-Juárez, Adamary García-Rodríguez, Gabriela Cruz-Carrillo, Orlando Flores-Maldonado, Miguel Becerril-Garcia, Lourdes Garza-Ocañas, Ivan Torre-Villalvazo, Alberto Camacho-Morales
Molecular Neurobiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Intermittent Fasting and Dietary Restriction on Redox State, Energetic Metabolism, and Liver Injury in Common Bile Duct Ligation Model
Dmitry S. Semenovich, Ljubava D. Zorova, Polina A. Abramicheva, Nadezda V. Andrianova, Andrey V. Elchaninov, Aleksandra S. Petrukhina, Irina B. Pevzner, Vasily N. Manskikh, Dmitry B. Zorov, Egor Y. Plotnikov
Antioxidants.2024; 13(7): 835. CrossRef
DOSE: a lifestyle philosophy for dementia prevention informed by drug development and epidemiology
Timothy Daly
Dementia & Neuropsychologia.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effects of time‐restricted eating alone or in combination with probiotic supplementation in comparison with a calorie‐restricted diet on endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized clinical trial
Sepide Talebi, Sakineh Shab‐Bidar, Ashraf Moini, Hamed Mohammadi, Kurosh Djafarian
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Combined Effect of Diets with Different Time Restriction and Low-intensity Aerobic Exercise on Metabolic Factors and Anthropometry in Overweight Middle-aged Men
Hamid Vasfi, Hamid Mohebbi, Marefat Siahkouhian, Lotfollah Rezagholizadeh, Abouzar jorbonian
Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences.2024; 24(1): 58. CrossRef
Ketogenic Interventions in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence
Carla Pezzuoli, Giuseppe Biagini, Riccardo Magistroni
Nutrients.2024; 16(16): 2676. CrossRef
Maternal intermittent fasting deteriorates offspring metabolism via suppression of hepatic mTORC1 signaling
Wenzhen Yin, Lijun Sun, Yuan Liang, Chao Luo, Tiange Feng, Yunhua Zhang, Weizhen Zhang, Yue Yin
The FASEB Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Time-Restricted Feeding and Intermittent Fasting as Preventive Therapeutics: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Arturo P Jaramillo, Javier Castells, Sabina Ibrahimli, Luisa Jaramillo, Rebeca R Briones Andriuoli, Denisse Moncada, Jhoanny C Revilla
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Original article

Age-related low skeletal muscle mass correlates with joint space narrowing in knee osteoarthritis in a South Korean population: a cross-sectional, case-control study: Hyun-Je Kim, Young-Hoon Hong; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(4):285-293. Published online February 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2021.01536

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Abstract PDF

Background
This study was conducted to analyze the effects of low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and obesity on aging-related osteoarthritis (OA) in the Korean population.
Methods
A total of 16,601 participants who underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and 3,976 subjects with knee X-rays according to the modified Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) system were enrolled. Knees of ≥KL grade 2 were classified as radiologic OA. The severity of joint space narrowing (JSN) was classified by X-rays as normal, mild-to-moderate, and severe JSN in radiologic OA. The subjects were grouped as normal SMI (SMI of ≥–1 standard deviation [SD] of the mean), low SMI class I (SMI of ≥–2 SDs and <–1 SD), and low SMI class II (SMI of <–2 SDs). Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥27.5 kg/m2.
Results
The modified KL grade and JSN severity were negatively correlated with the SMI and positively correlated with BMI and age. The SMI was negatively correlated with age. JSN severity was significantly associated with a low SMI class compared to a normal SMI, which was more prominent in low SMI class II than class I. Obesity was significantly associated with more severe JSN, only for obesity with a low SMI class. Furthermore, patients with a low SMI class, regardless of obesity, were prone to having more severe JSN.
Conclusion
This study suggested that a low SMI class was associated with aging and that an age-related low SMI was more critically related to the severity of JSN in OA.

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Causal relationship between sarcopenia and osteoarthritis: a bi-directional two-sample mendelian randomized study
Jiyong Yang, Peng Liu, Shuai Wang, Tao Jiang, Yilong Zhang, Wengang Liu
European Journal of Medical Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Review

Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Childhood.: Kwang Hae Choi; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2012;29(2):73-76. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2012.29.2.73

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Abstract PDF: More and more children are becoming obese and overweight due to several factors that include a high energy density in the diet (a high fat intake) and low energy expenditure. Consequently childhood obesity is becoming a significant health problem. Fat tissue releases many cytokines such as resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, interleukin-6. These adipocytokines induce obesity-related insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a key component of obesity-related metabolic problems such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, acanthosis nigricans and polycystic ovarian syndrome. This review article focused on insulin resistance and its related metabolic diseases.

Original Articles

Life Style and Perception of Obesity of Male White Collar Workers.: Ji Hyeon Kim, Joon Sakong; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2):287-295. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2.287

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
This study investigated and analyzed the life style of male white-collar workers and their perception of obesity to determine how to improve eating habits and prevent obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the questionnaires distributed to and collected from 300 male white-collar workers in Daegu, the survey was conducted from December 20, 2005 to February 28, 2006. Two hundred sets of collected questionnaires were used for the analysis, and SPSS WIN 12.0 was employed to analyze the data. RESULTS: Forty-two percent of subjects had weights ranging between 71 kg and 80 kg; 39.5%, weighted between 61 kg and 70 kg. The waist measurements of 64.5% of all respondents were between 32 and 34 inches. The lifestyle questions found that 54% of respondents were smokers and 88.5% drank alcohol. In addition, 62.5% of all respondents reported doing exercise, whereas 37.5% reported no exercise. CONCLUSION: The height and weight of 200 respondents were used to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Only 31.6% had a normal BMI, whereas 32% were found to be overweight, a condition likely to lead to obesity. Meanwhile, 36.5% of respondents were obese or morbidly obese.

Citations

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Factors Associated With Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Behavior Among Office Workers Based on an Ecological Model
Jihyon Pahn, Youngran Yang
SAGE Open.2021; 11(1): 215824402110041. CrossRef
Effects of Obesity Management Program Provided by Occupational Health Nurse in Worksite
Sohyune R. Sok, Ok Sun Kim, Mi Hee Park
Western Journal of Nursing Research.2019; 41(5): 728. CrossRef
The Effects of Obesity Stress, Weight Bias, and Heath Care on BMI in Soldiers of Non-combat Area
Kyeng Jin Kim, Yeon Kyung Na
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(3): 199. CrossRef
Comparison in Convergence Factors in Stress of Workers in the Field of Railroad Electricity and Vehicles by their working position
Byeong-Rock Jeon, Hyun-Ju Lee
Journal of Digital Convergence.2016; 14(4): 337. CrossRef
The Relationship between Lifestyle and Health Status among White Collar Workers in a Community
Ji-Min Lee, Young-Sook Kwon, Kyung-Shin Paek
Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(8): 411. CrossRef
Diet and Lifestyle Factors Affecting Obesity: A Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey Analysis
Chang-Keun Kwock, Jung-Min Lee, Eun-Mi Kim, Min-A Lee
Preventive Nutrition and Food Science.2011; 16(2): 117. CrossRef

Association Analyses of beta3AR Trp64Arg and UCP-2 -866G/A Polymorphisms with Body Mass Index in Korean.: Hong Soo Jung, Joo Hyun Lee, Jun Sakong, Sung Wook Bae, Jung Hye Kim, Jae Ryong Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2):252-261. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2.252

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in Western society as well as in Korea. Obesity results from a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In an attempt to investigate the association of obesity with its candidate genes, beta3 adrenergic receptor (beta3AR) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), we analyzed polymorphisms of beta3AR Trp64Arg and UCP2 -866G/A by PCR-RFLP analysis and the obesity-related phenotypes, including body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose concentration, and plasma lipid profiles in 750 subjects. RESULTS: The Trp64Arg polymorphism in the beta3AR gene was not statistically associated with the BMI. The UCP2 -866G/A polymorphism was significantly higher in obese than in non-obese subjects (P<0.05). However, the UCP2 -866A/A polymorphism was higher in the non-obese subjects. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the UCP2 -866G/A polymorphism might be more useful for the prediction of obesity and obesity-associated diseases in Korean patients than the beta3AR Trp64Arg polymorphism.

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Clinical Course of Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Na-Ri Kang, Young-Sook Kwack
Journal of korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2012; 23(1): 3. CrossRef

Association between Obesity and Prostate Cancer.: Chang Jun Yoon, Ki Hak Moon, Tong Choon Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2005;22(2):199-210. Published online December 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2005.22.2.199

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The role of obesity in prostate cancer etiology remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between obesity and prostate cancer risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2000 and June 2005, 286 patients suspected of having prostate cancer underwent prostate biopsy. The clinical records of the 286 study patients were retrospectively reviewed with regard to age, Body Mass Index (BMI), serum PSA, TRUS, and prostate biopsy results. They were stratified by BMI into three groups according to the cutoffs recommended for Asian populations: normal, BMI less than 23 kg/m2; overweight, BMI 23 to 25 kg/m2; and obese, BMI greater than 25 kg/m2. RESULTS: As for BMIs, 132 (46.2%) were normal, 95 (33.2%) overweight and 59 (20.6%) were obese. A total of 99 (34.6%) patients were diagnosed as having prostate cancer. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, no significant association was observed between BMI and prostate cancer detection. CONCLUSION: We initially hypothesized that obesity may be biologically associated with increased prostate cancer development. However, our study did not show a significant association between BMI and prostate cancer.

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