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Most viewed articles are from the articles published in 2023 during the last 3 months.

Focused Review article
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
The pathophysiology of diabetic foot: a narrative review
Jiyoun Kim
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):328-334.   Published online October 5, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00731
  • 35,812 View
  • 1,846 Download
  • 17 Web of Science
  • 26 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
An aging population and changes in dietary habits have increased the incidence of diabetes, resulting in complications such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). DFUs can lead to serious disabilities, substantial reductions in patient quality of life, and high financial costs for society. By understanding the etiology and pathophysiology of DFUs, their occurrence can be prevented and managed more effectively. The pathophysiology of DFUs involves metabolic dysfunction, diabetic immunopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and angiopathy. The processes by which hyperglycemia causes peripheral nerve damage are related to adenosine triphosphate deficiency, the polyol pathway, oxidative stress, protein kinase C activity, and proinflammatory processes. In the context of hyperglycemia, the suppression of endothelial nitric oxide production leads to microcirculation atherosclerosis, heightened inflammation, and abnormal intimal growth. Diabetic neuropathy involves sensory, motor, and autonomic neuropathies. The interaction between these neuropathies forms a callus that leads to subcutaneous hemorrhage and skin ulcers. Hyperglycemia causes peripheral vascular changes that result in endothelial cell dysfunction and decreased vasodilator secretion, leading to ischemia. The interplay among these four preceding pathophysiological factors fosters the development and progression of infections in individuals with diabetes. Charcot neuroarthropathy is a chronic and progressive degenerative arthropathy characterized by heightened blood flow, increased calcium dissolution, and repeated minor trauma to insensate joints. Directly and comprehensively addressing the pathogenesis of DFUs could pave the way for the development of innovative treatment approaches with the potential to avoid the most serious complications, including major amputations.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Responsive to adaptive supramolecular hydrogels for diabetic wound treatment
    Shalini Balakrishnan, Revathy Remesh, Krishnan Kartha Kalathil, Anie Y
    Supramolecular Materials.2025; 4: 100081.     CrossRef
  • Nanotechnology-enabled approaches for combating diabetic foot ulcer
    Padakanti Sandeep Chary, Anuradha Urati, Samia Shaikh, Rati Yadav, Valmala Bhavana, Naveen Rajana, Neelesh Kumar Mehra
    Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology.2025; 105: 106593.     CrossRef
  • Natural products in the treatment of diabetic foot infection
    Mohsen Nazari, Leili Shokoohizadeh, Mohammad Taheri
    European Journal of Medical Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comprehensive review on diabetic foot ulcers and neuropathy: Treatment, prevention and management
    Kehkashan Parveen, Malik Asif Hussain, Sadaf Anwar, Halima Mustafa Elagib, Mohd Adnan Kausar
    World Journal of Diabetes.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Enhanced therapy for diabetic neuropathy utilizing venlafaxine hydrochloride-loaded transferosome-based transdermal gel
    Kajol Patil, Pramod S. Salve, Ujban Md Hussain Hussain, Amol Tatode, Mohammad Qutub
    Nano Trends.2025; 9: 100085.     CrossRef
  • Antioxidants improve the viability of diabetic bone marrow MSCs without rescuing their pro-regenerative secretome function
    Michelle Maartens, Mare Vlok, Mari van de Vyver
    Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.2025; 601: 112519.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors Associated with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Multivariate Analysis
    Ajeet Saoji, Nitesh Upadhyay, Prachi Saoji, Kartik Khurana
    Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal.2025; 9(1): 67.     CrossRef
  • Bacteriological profile of diabetic foot ulcers and analysis of serum meteorin levels
    Esra Erdogan, Azize Yetisgen, Lezzan Keskin, Elif Seren Tanriverdi, Isilay Gokce Benk Ugur
    Molecular Biology Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • DİABETİK ANGİOPATİYALARIN ULTRASƏS DOPLEROQRAFİYASI İLƏ QİYMƏTLƏNDİRİLMƏSİ
    G.S. Əliyeva, C.T. Əliyeva, A.T. Bədəlova
    Azerbaijan Medical Journal.2025; (1): 150.     CrossRef
  • DFU-FuzzyLiteUNet: A lightweight u-net with Fuzzy sigmoid and lite transformer for diabetic foot ulcer segmentation
    Purwono Purwono, Yessica Nataliani, Hindriyanto Dwi Purnomo, Ivanna K. Timotius
    Biomedical Signal Processing and Control.2025; 108: 107902.     CrossRef
  • Outcome of diabetic foot ulcers at a Tertiary Care Foot Centre in Pakistan
    Zahid Miyan, Arwa Hatim, Saniya Khakwani, Khalid Abdul Basit
    International Wound Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Pathophysiology, Immune Dysregulation, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
    John Dawi, Kevin Tumanyan, Kirakos Tomas, Yura Misakyan, Areg Gargaloyan, Edgar Gonzalez, Mary Hammi, Serly Tomas, Vishwanath Venketaraman
    Biomedicines.2025; 13(5): 1076.     CrossRef
  • Adipose-derived Stem Cells for Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Review
    Prithiviraj Nagarajan, Rajalaksmi Prithiviraj, Sharangouda J. Patil, Suresh Babu Naidu Krishna, Vasanthrie Naidoo
    Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy.2025; 20(5): 509.     CrossRef
  • The gel effect: Enhancing diabetic foot ulcer healing through hydrogel innovations
    Ghadeer Almarzooq, Ahmed Alaysereen, Zain Salman, Zahra Abdulrasool, Noor Jaragh, Sara Hasan, Omer Tarig, G. Roshan Deen
    BME Horizon.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The combined impact of thymosin beta 4 and selenium on diabetic ulcers: a comprehensive review
    Karthikeyen Srinivasan, Rohith Sureshkumar, Jayshree Nellore, Bavanilatha Muthaiah, Johnson Retnara Samuel Selvan Christyraj, Valli Nachiyar Chandrasekaran
    Discover Biotechnology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Epigenetics and diabetic wound healing: Wilms tumor 1-associated protein as a therapeutic target
    Ashraf Al Madhoun
    World Journal of Diabetes.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Synergistic Effect of Prolonged Oxygenation and Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging on Diabetic Wound Healing Using an Injectable Thermoresponsive Hydrogel
    Jiyeon Lee, Jun Kim, Jisun kim, Soo‐Chang Song
    Small.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Dysfunction of Microcirculation in Atherosclerosis: Implications of Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation
    Marta Aleksandrowicz, Marek Konop, Mateusz Rybka, Łukasz Mazurek, Monika Stradczuk-Mazurek, Mateusz Kciuk, Bożena Bądzyńska, Leszek Dobrowolski, Marta Kuczeriszka
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(13): 6467.     CrossRef
  • Role of PPARγ, IL-1β Blockers, and TGF-β1 in Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
    Riani Erna, Arief S. Kartasasmita, Shanti F. Boesoirie, Wijana Hasansulama, Ramzi Amin
    Journal of Wound Management and Research.2025; 21(2): 58.     CrossRef
  • Diabetic foot – prevention and control challenges
    Vitorino Modesto dos Santos, Taciana Arruda Modesto Sugai, Lister Arruda Modesto dos Santos
    Belize Journal of Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Treatment of Morganella morganii-Associated Non-healing Diabetic Foot Ulcer With Vaporous Hyperoxia Therapy: A Case Report
    Afrah S Abedi, Jacob L McElroy, Vladimir Valencia, Rachel M Worcester, Zhi J Yu
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Integrated genetic analysis of diabetic complications: Bioinformatics insights into foot ulcers, neuropathy and peripheral artery disease
    Jiaru Liang, Xiaoyang Gong, Xuyang Hu, Chong You, Jiaqi Zhou, Yuling Gao, Junwei Zong, Yong Liu
    International Wound Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Systematic review of translational insights: Neuromodulation in animal models for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
    Rahul Mittal, Keelin McKenna, Grant Keith, Evan McKenna, Rahul Sinha, Joana R. N. Lemos, Khemraj Hirani, Mohammad Sarif Mohiuddin
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(8): e0308556.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Treatment of Neuropathic and Ischemic Diabetic Foot Ulcers with the Use of Local Ozone Therapy Procedures—An Observational Single Center Study
    Jarosław Pasek, Sebastian Szajkowski, Grzegorz Cieślar
    Clinics and Practice.2024; 14(5): 2139.     CrossRef
  • High glucose combined with lipopolysaccharide stimulation inhibits cell proliferation and migration of human HaCaT keratinocytes by impacting redox homeostasis and activating the polyol pathway
    Zhenhui Xie, Shufan Zhou, Songtao Tang, Qiu Zhang, Lei Liu
    Molecular Biology Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Unveiling the challenges of diabetic foot infections: diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and rehabilitation
    Chul Hyun Park
    Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2023; 40(4): 319.     CrossRef
Review articles
Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Long-term management of Graves disease: a narrative review
Hyo-Jeong Kim
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):12-22.   Published online November 4, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00444
  • 20,665 View
  • 591 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Graves disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, accounting for more than 90% of cases in Korea. Patients with GD are treated with any of the following: antithyroid drugs (ATDs), radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, or thyroidectomy. Most patients begin treatment with ATDs, and clinical guidelines suggest that the appropriate treatment period is 12 to 18 months. While RAI treatment and surgery manage thyrotoxicosis by destroying or removing thyroid tissue, ATDs control thyrotoxicosis by inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis and preserving the thyroid gland. Although ATDs efficiently control thyrotoxicosis symptoms, they do not correct the main etiology of GD; therefore, frequent relapses can follow. Recently, a large amount of data has been collected on long-term ATDs for GD, and low-dose methimazole (MMZ) is expected to be a good option for remission. For the long-term management of recurrent GD, it is important to induce remission by evaluating the patient’s drug response, stopping ATDs at an appropriate time, and actively switching to surgery or RAI therapy, if indicated. Continuing drug treatment for an extended time is now encouraged in patients with a high possibility of remission with low-dose MMZ. It is also important to pay attention to the quality of life of the patients. This review aimed to summarize the appropriate treatment methods and timing of treatment transition in patients who relapsed several times while receiving treatment for GD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A 30-year-old male patient who experienced recurring weakness in bilateral upper and lower extremities: a clinical vignette
    Soo Hyun Ahn, Mathieu Boudier-Revéret, Seoyon Yang, Min Cheol Chang
    Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2025; 42: 27.     CrossRef
  • Outcomes of Fixed-Dose Radioactive Iodine Therapy in Hyperthyroidism and Optimization of Follow-Up After Treatment Failure With Low-Dose Antithyroid Medication
    Panita Kantikool, Naphat Buraphanawibun
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Hub genes and key pathways of Graves’ disease: bioinformatics analysis and validation
    Duan-rong Zhuang, Xin Hu, Hui-bin Huang
    Hormones.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Tingkat Keberhasilan Terapi Radioiodin Pertama pada Pasien Graves’ Disease
    Aliya Khadijah Kemaleratu, Yuliana Rahmah Retnaningrum, Yudanti Riastiti
    Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan.2025; 6(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Commentary: Azathioprine as an adjuvant therapy in severe Graves’ disease: a randomized controlled open-label clinical trial
    Madhukar Mittal, Azher Rizvi
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Total Thyroidectomy – A Cost-effective Alternative to Anti-Thyroid Drugs in the Management of Grave's Disease
    Erivelto Volpi, Leonardo M. Volpi
    Clinical Thyroidology.2023; 35(5): 183.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the Abbott Alinity i Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Antibody (TRAb) Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA)
    Deborah J. W. Lee, Soon Kieng Phua, Yali Liang, Claire Chen, Tar-Choon Aw
    Diagnostics.2023; 13(16): 2707.     CrossRef
  • Mechanisms and Treatment Options for Hyperthyroid-Induced Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review
    Robert M Branstetter, Rahib K Islam, Collin A Toups, Amanda N Parra, Zachary Lee, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Giustino Varrassi, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D Kaye
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Essential micronutrients in children and adolescents with a focus on growth and development: a narrative review
Sukjin Hong
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:25.   Published online February 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.25
  • 7,202 View
  • 269 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
This comprehensive review examines the crucial role of micronutrients in the health of children and adolescents, focusing on their growth and development. Micronutrients, including vitamins and trace elements, are essential for various biochemical processes and biological functions. We explored the roles, assessment methods, deficiency patterns, and intervention strategies for six essential micronutrients: iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin D, iodine, and folate. These nutrients were selected based on their fundamental importance in pediatric development. By analyzing the current literature from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, we synthesized findings regarding the impact of these micronutrients on health outcomes in children and adolescents, examining both regional and global prevalence data, with particular attention paid to Korean population data. This review provides evidence-based insights into the assessment and management of micronutrient status in children and adolescents and offers recommendations for clinical practice.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Nurturing Movement: Longitudinal Associations Between Caregiver Type, Adolescent Diet, and Young Adult Physical Activity in a National Cohort
    Rahel Mathews, Danielle K. Nadorff, Riley Cowart
    Nutrients.2025; 17(11): 1874.     CrossRef
Medical Informatics
Digital therapeutics in Korea: current status, challenges, and future directions – a narrative review
Hee Jun Shin, Ik Tae Cho, Wan Suk Choi, Hong Rae Kim, Min Bong Kang, Won Jong Yang
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:8.   Published online November 18, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.01004
  • 7,970 View
  • 137 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Digital therapeutics (DTx) are emerging as a transformative innovation in healthcare offering evidence-based digital interventions for the treatment, management, and prevention of various diseases and disorders. In Korea, DTx have gained significant attention as potential solutions to the increasing burden of chronic diseases and mental health conditions. However, the Korean DTx market faces several challenges that hinder its widespread adoption and integration into the national healthcare system. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the DTx market in Korea, identifies the key challenges impeding its growth, and proposes strategies for overcoming these obstacles. This study utilized a literature review and market analysis approach to examine the latest research, industry reports, and regulatory documents related to DTx. The analysis focused on three primary areas: (1) the current regulatory landscape, (2) technological advancements and challenges, and (3) economic and commercial factors influencing DTx adoption in Korea. A comparative analysis of global regulatory practices was also conducted to identify best practices. The findings revealed that while Korea has made significant strides in supporting DTx development, the market remains in its early stages. The key challenges include underdeveloped regulatory frameworks, issues with data quality and security, and a lack of established reimbursement pathways. We recommend developing tailored regulatory frameworks for DTx, enhancing policy support for small and medium-sized enterprises involved in DTx development, and increasing investments in technological infrastructure. By addressing these challenges, Korea could position itself as a leader in the global DTx market, delivering innovative and effective treatments to enhance patient care and outcomes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Applying a mobile intervention for chronic insomnia in routine care: Study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
    Daa Un Moon, Jeonghun Kim, Jeyoung Hannah Sun, Yujin Lee
    Internet Interventions.2025; 41: 100848.     CrossRef
  • Digital Therapeutics for Cognitive Impairment: Exploring Innovations, Challenges, and Future Prospects
    Grace Yuange Zang, Keqin Rao, Jing Wu, Yunhan He, Yi Tang, Leiyu Shi
    Journal of Medical Internet Research.2025; 27: e73689.     CrossRef
Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting: a narrative review
Dae-Kyu Song, Yong-Woon Kim
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):4-11.   Published online April 4, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00010
  • 19,158 View
  • 554 Download
  • 25 Web of Science
  • 27 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Caloric restriction is a popular approach to treat obesity and its associated chronic illnesses but is difficult to maintain for a long time. Intermittent fasting is an alternative and easily applicable dietary intervention for caloric restriction. Moreover, intermittent fasting has beneficial effects equivalent to those of caloric restriction in terms of body weight control, improvements in glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, the beneficial effects of intermittent fasting are discussed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Intermittent Fasting Improves Social Interaction and Decreases Inflammatory Markers in Cortex and Hippocampus
    Martín García-Juárez, Adamary García-Rodríguez, Gabriela Cruz-Carrillo, Orlando Flores-Maldonado, Miguel Becerril-Garcia, Lourdes Garza-Ocañas, Ivan Torre-Villalvazo, Alberto Camacho-Morales
    Molecular Neurobiology.2025; 62(2): 1511.     CrossRef
  • External factors affecting weight loss during intermittent fasting. Author's reply
    M. Khalil, H. Abdallah, G. Garruti, A.Di Ciaula, P. Portincasa
    European Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 131: 141.     CrossRef
  • Fasting the brain for mental health
    Roberto Carlos Perez-Kast, Alberto Camacho-Morales
    Journal of Psychiatric Research.2025; 181: 215.     CrossRef
  • Is isocaloric intermittent fasting superior to calorie restriction? A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
    Mohammed Hamsho, Wijdan Shkorfu, Yazan Ranneh, Abdulmannan Fadel
    Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2025; 35(3): 103805.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the metabolic patterns and response mechanisms of bile acids during fasting: A study with poultry as an example
    Jun Zhang, Yujie Gong, Yidan Zhu, Qingduo Zeng, Hao Zhang, Ruili Han, Yujie Guo, Donghua Li, Yadong Tian, Xiangtao Kang, Yawei Yang, Zhuanjian Li, Ruirui Jiang
    Poultry Science.2025; 104(2): 104746.     CrossRef
  • Intermittent fasting and neurocognitive disorders: What the evidence shows
    Jordan Beveridge, Allison Montgomery, George Grossberg
    The Journal of nutrition, health and aging.2025; 29(4): 100480.     CrossRef
  • Intermittent fasting and longevity: From animal models to implication for humans
    Olha Strilbytska, Svitlana Klishch, Kenneth B. Storey, Alexander Koliada, Oleh Lushchak
    Ageing Research Reviews.2024; 96: 102274.     CrossRef
  • Combined Aerobic Exercise with Intermittent Fasting Is Effective for Reducing mTOR and Bcl-2 Levels in Obese Females
    Purwo Sri Rejeki, Adi Pranoto, Deandra Maharani Widiatmaja, Dita Mega Utami, Nabilah Izzatunnisa, Sugiharto, Ronny Lesmana, Shariff Halim
    Sports.2024; 12(5): 116.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Intermittent Fasting Interventions for Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults – A Systematic Review
    Teena Lal, S. J. Ajeet Arulkumar, S. Roopa
    Acta Medica International.2024; 11(1): 7.     CrossRef
  • Intermittent fasting influences immunity and metabolism
    Daniel M. Marko, Meghan O. Conn, Jonathan D. Schertzer
    Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 35(9): 821.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Intermittent Fasting and Dietary Restriction on Redox State, Energetic Metabolism, and Liver Injury in Common Bile Duct Ligation Model
    Dmitry S. Semenovich, Ljubava D. Zorova, Polina A. Abramicheva, Nadezda V. Andrianova, Andrey V. Elchaninov, Aleksandra S. Petrukhina, Irina B. Pevzner, Vasily N. Manskikh, Dmitry B. Zorov, Egor Y. Plotnikov
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  • DOSE: a lifestyle philosophy for dementia prevention informed by drug development and epidemiology
    Timothy Daly
    Dementia & Neuropsychologia.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The effects of time‐restricted eating alone or in combination with probiotic supplementation in comparison with a calorie‐restricted diet on endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized clinical trial
    Sepide Talebi, Sakineh Shab‐Bidar, Ashraf Moini, Hamed Mohammadi, Kurosh Djafarian
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(10): 4468.     CrossRef
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    Hamid Vasfi, Hamid Mohebbi, Marefat Siahkouhian, Lotfollah Rezagholizadeh, Abouzar jorbonian
    Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences.2024; 24(1): 58.     CrossRef
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    Carla Pezzuoli, Giuseppe Biagini, Riccardo Magistroni
    Nutrients.2024; 16(16): 2676.     CrossRef
  • Impact of diet intervention on visceral adipose tissue and hepatic fat in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial
    Rungroj Krittayaphong, Witcha Treesuwan, Pornpoj Pramyothin, Thammarak Songsangjinda, Yodying Kaolawanich, Weerachai Srivanichakorn, Preechaya Jangtawee, Ahthit Yindeengam, Prajak Tanapibunpon, Apichart Vanavichit
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Exploring the Impact of Fasting and Fasting-Mimicking Diets on Type 2 Diabetes Management in Adults: A Systematic Review
    José Amilcar Rivera Regalado, Juan García, Isabella Ramirez, Plinio Hermosilla, Jose Rascon, Sergio José Fausto Girón
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • As a phenomenon: Ramadan fasting improves olfactory performance
    Doğan Çakan, Hüseyin Baki Yılmaz, Harun Cansız, Haluk Çevik, Michael C. F. Tong, Begüm Bahar Yılmaz, Zeliha Kübra Çakan
    Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hana F. Navratilova, Anthony D. Whetton, Nophar Geifman
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    Hiba Fathimathul Harshiba, Nabeel Muhammed Rafi
    Cosmoderma.2024; 4: 124.     CrossRef
  • The distinct mechanism regulating taurine homeostasis in mice: Nutrient availability affects taurine levels in the liver and energy restriction influences it in the intestine
    András Gregor, Arturo Auñon-Lopez, Marc Pignitter, Kalina Duszka
    Life Sciences.2024; 359: 123213.     CrossRef
  • Socio-demographic determinants of dietary choices and their impact on health in Spanish adults
    Elena Sandri, Eva Cantín Larumbe, Michela Capoferri, Germán Cerdá Olmedo, Lisa Ursula Werner, M. Jesús Vega-Bello
    Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Relationship Between Dietary Nutrient Intake and Autophagy—Related Genes in Obese Humans: A Narrative Review
    Martyna Bednarczyk, Nicola Dąbrowska-Szeja, Dariusz Łętowski, Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak, Dariusz Waniczek, Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń
    Nutrients.2024; 16(23): 4003.     CrossRef
  • Examining Associations Between Fasting Behavior, Orthorexia Nervosa, and Eating Disorders
    Przemysław Domaszewski, Aleksandra M. Rogowska, Kaja Żylak
    Nutrients.2024; 16(24): 4275.     CrossRef
  • Age-related differences in the effect of intermittent fasting on the morphofunctional parameters of the rat's pancreas
    R.V. Yanko
    The Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Biology".2024; (43): 138.     CrossRef
  • Maternal intermittent fasting deteriorates offspring metabolism via suppression of hepatic mTORC1 signaling
    Wenzhen Yin, Lijun Sun, Yuan Liang, Chao Luo, Tiange Feng, Yunhua Zhang, Weizhen Zhang, Yue Yin
    The FASEB Journal.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Time-Restricted Feeding and Intermittent Fasting as Preventive Therapeutics: A Systematic Review of the Literature
    Arturo P Jaramillo, Javier Castells, Sabina Ibrahimli, Luisa Jaramillo, Rebeca R Briones Andriuoli, Denisse Moncada, Jhoanny C Revilla
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Failed back surgery syndrome—terminology, etiology, prevention, evaluation, and management: a narrative review
Jinseok Yeo
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):166-178.   Published online June 10, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00339
  • 9,646 View
  • 305 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Amid the worldwide increase in spinal surgery rates, a significant proportion of patients continue to experience refractory chronic pain, resulting in reduced quality of life and escalated healthcare demands. Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a clinical condition characterized by persistent or recurrent pain after one or more spinal surgeries. The diverse characteristics and stigmatizing descriptions of FBSS necessitate a reevaluation of its nomenclature to reflect its complexity more accurately. Accurate identification of the cause of FBSS is hampered by the complex nature of the syndrome and limitations of current diagnostic labels. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach that may include pharmacological treatment, physical therapy, psychological support, and interventional procedures, emphasizing realistic goal-setting and patient education. Further research is needed to increase our understanding, improve diagnostic accuracy, and develop more effective management strategies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Short-term Effects of Combined Korean Medicine Treatment Including Acupotomy in a Patient with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Case Report
    Heejeon Hong, Soo Kwang An, Taewook Lee, Jihun Kim, Eunseok Kim
    Journal of Acupuncture Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Wet Tap-Induced Spinal Cord Stimulator Trial Failure in Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Case Report Highlighting Intrathecal Drug Delivery for Treatment-Resistant Pain
    Shivang Patel, Matthew Thomas, Harthik Kambhampati, John Stauffer, Tony El-Hayek
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome Typ 2 - Leitfaden für die Behandlung
    Hind Chaib, Ehab Shiban
    Schmerzmedizin.2025; 41(3): 24.     CrossRef
  • [18F]FDG PET-CT Imaging of the Low Back in Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome Type 2: A Pilot Study Towards Improved Diagnosis
    Lara S. Burmeister, Richard L. Witkam, Kris C. P. Vissers, Martin Gotthardt, Dylan J. H. A. Henssen
    Brain Sciences.2025; 15(7): 724.     CrossRef
  • Using Key Predictors in an SVM Model for Differentiating Spinal Fractures and Herniated Intervertebral Discs in Preoperative Anesthesia Evaluation
    Shih-Ying Yang, Shih-Yen Hsu, Yi-Kai Su, Nan-Han Lu, Kuo-Ying Liu, Tai-Been Chen, Kon-Ning Chiu, Yung-Hui Huang, Li-Ren Yeh
    Diagnostics.2024; 14(21): 2456.     CrossRef
Focused Review article
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Management of diabetic foot ulcers: a narrative review
Jahyung Kim, Otgonsaikhan Nomkhondorj, Chi Young An, Ye Chan Choi, Jaeho Cho
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):335-342.   Published online September 22, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00682
  • 14,897 View
  • 816 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are among the most serious complications of diabetes and are a source of reduced quality of life and financial burden for the people involved. For effective DFU management, an evidence-based treatment strategy that considers the patient's clinical context and wound condition is required. This treatment strategy should include conventional practices (surgical debridement, antibiotics, vascular assessment, offloading, and amputation) coordinated by interdisciplinary DFU experts. In addition, several adjuvant therapies can be considered for nonhealing wounds. In this narrative review, we aim to highlight the current trends in DFU management and review the up-to-date guidelines.

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  • Clinical Efficacy of Type I Collagen Skin Substitutes Versus Human Amnion/Chorion in Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using 55 Patient Randomized Controlled Independent Two Trials, One in India and the Other in the USA
    Subramanian Gunasekaran
    Biomedical Materials & Devices.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A feature explainability-based deep learning technique for diabetic foot ulcer identification
    Pramod Singh Rathore, Abhishek Kumar, Amita Nandal, Arvind Dhaka, Arpit Kumar Sharma
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The hidden impact: frailty and malnutrition in patients with diabetic foot ulcers
    Levent Demir, Mustafa Avcı, Murat Kahraman, Selahattin Kılıç
    Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine.2025; 8(2): 262.     CrossRef
  • Kick-Starting Wound Healing: A Review of Pro-Healing Drugs
    Bethany L. Patenall, Kristyn A. Carter, Matthew R. Ramsey
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(2): 1304.     CrossRef
  • Sequence analysis of microbiota in clinical human cases with diabetic foot ulcers from China
    Ying Li, Li Zhang, Meifang He, Yuebin Zhao
    Heliyon.2024; 10(14): e34368.     CrossRef
  • The future of diabetic wound healing: unveiling the potential of mesenchymal stem cell and exosomes therapy
    Sara Memarpour
    American Journal of Stem Cells.2024; 13(2): 87.     CrossRef
  • Etiopathophysiology, Novel and Advanced Therapy Options, Management and Care Plan to Prevent Lower Limb Amputations for Diabetic Foot Ulcer
    Richa Dayaramani, Nipa Gandhi, Areeg Anwar Ali Shamsher, Nour Aymn Ahmad
    Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology.2024; : 5141.     CrossRef
  • Unveiling the challenges of diabetic foot infections: diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and rehabilitation
    Chul Hyun Park
    Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2023; 40(4): 319.     CrossRef
Review articles
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Breakthrough pain and rapid-onset opioids in patients with cancer pain: a narrative review
Jinseok Yeo
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(1):22-29.   Published online June 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00367
  • 15,613 View
  • 449 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Breakthrough pain is transitory pain that occurs despite the use of opioids for background pain control. Breakthrough pain occurs in 40% to 80% of patients with cancer pain. Despite effective analgesic therapy, patients and their caregivers often feel that their pain is not sufficiently controlled. Therefore, an improved understanding of breakthrough pain and its management is essential for all physicians caring for patients with cancer. This article reviews the definition, clinical manifestations, accurate diagnostic strategies, and optimal treatment options for breakthrough pain in patients with cancer. This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of rapid-onset opioids, which are the primary rescue drugs for breakthrough pain.
Geriatrics and Gerontology
Multidisciplinary approach to sarcopenia: a narrative review
Wook Tae Park, Oog-Jin Shon, Gi Beom Kim
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):352-363.   Published online September 7, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00724
  • 8,751 View
  • 279 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Sarcopenia is a condition in which muscle mass and strength are decreased and muscle function is impaired. It is an indicator of frailty and loss of independence in older adults. It is also associated with increased physical disability, which increases the risk of falls. As a multifactorial disease, sarcopenia is caused by a combination of factors including aging, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, and physical inactivity. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology of sarcopenia and identifying its different causes is critical to developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. This review summarizes the pathophysiology, consequences, diagnostic methods, and multidisciplinary approaches to sarcopenia.

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  • Prevalence of, and factors associated with, sarcopenia in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Mobin Marzban Abbas Abadi, Danial Hosseinzade, Majid Khalilizad
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A scoring system and seven factors associated with certification for Japanese long-term care insurance in older people
    Keisuke Takahashi, Katsumasa Ideo, Masaru Uragami, Yuko Fukuma, Takehiro Koga, Kazuhiro Yoshiura, Shuken Boku, Naoto Kajitani, Minoru Takebayashi, Takeshi Miyamoto
    Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Head and Neck Cancer and Sarcopenia: An Integrative Clinical and Functional Review
    Kazuhira Endo, Mariko Ichinose, Eiji Kobayashi, Takayoshi Ueno, Nobuyuki Hirai, Yosuke Nakanishi, Satoru Kondo, Tomokazu Yoshizaki
    Cancers.2024; 16(20): 3460.     CrossRef
  • Economic burden of sarcopenia-related disability in the elderly population: a study in Iran
    Ali Darvishi, Adeleh Nikkhah, Gita Shafiee, Rajabali Daroudi, Ramin Heshmat
    BMC Research Notes.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Case report
Internal Medicine
Thallium poisoning: a case report
Oscar Jimenez, Hector Cáceres, Luis Gimenez, Luciana Soto, Micaela Montenegro, Jhon Alexander Avila Rueda
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(3):311-314.   Published online December 15, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00647
  • 13,408 View
  • 199 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Thallium poisoning is usually accidental. We present a case of a 51-year-old woman who was evaluated in June 2018 for myalgia, vertigo, asthenia, and abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed temporal-spatial disorientation, jaundice, and asterixis. The laboratory reported the following: bilirubin, 10.3 mg/dL; aspartate transaminase, 78 U/L; alanine transaminase, 194 U/L; albumin, 2.3 g/dL; prothrombin time, 40%; and platelet count, 60,000/mm3. Serology performed for hepatitis A, B, and C; Epstein-Barr virus; cytomegalovirus; and human immunodeficiency virus was negative, and a collagenogram was negative. Physical reevaluation revealed alopecia on the scalp, armpits, and eyebrows; macules on the face; plantar hyperkeratosis; and ulcers on the lower limbs. Tests for lead, arsenic, copper, and mercury were carried out, which were normal; however, elevated urinary thallium (540 µg/g; range, 0.4–10 µg/g) was observed. The patient was treated with ᴅ-penicillamine 1,000 mg/day and recovered her urinary thallium levels were within normal range at annual follow-up. Thallium poisoning is extremely rare and can be fatal in small doses. An adequate clinical approach can facilitate early diagnosis.

Citations

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  • Thallium distribution along segmented single hairs in a case of a criminal poisoning
    Peter Heitland, Fritz Pragst, Sven Hartwig, Helmut D Köster
    Journal of Analytical Toxicology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Thallium reabsorption via NKCC2 causes severe acute kidney injury with outer medulla-specific calcium crystal casts in rats
    Kana Unuma, Shuheng Wen, Sho Sugahara, Shutaro Nagano, Toshihiko Aki, Tadayuki Ogawa, Shino Takeda-Homma, Masakazu Oikawa, Akihiro Tojo
    Archives of Toxicology.2024; 98(12): 3973.     CrossRef
  • Іmprovement of the differential diagnostics of acute oral and inhalation poisoning by thalium compounds, pathohistology and treatment strategy (based on group cases)
    G.M. Balan, B.S. Sheyman, P.G. Zhminko, D.O. Dziuba, O.N. Rozhkova, N.V. Kurdil, A.H. Kudriavtseva, V.S. Lisovska, N.P. Chermnykh
    Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects.2023; 95(2): 66.     CrossRef
Review article
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Recent updates on classification and unsolved issues of diverticular disease: a narrative review
Kyeong Ok Kim
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(4):252-260.   Published online August 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00542
  • 6,802 View
  • 220 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Recently, a paradigm shift has occurred in the classification of diverticular disease and the understanding of its pathogenesis. Diverticular disease is now defined as a variety of clinically significant conditions such as diverticulitis, diverticular bleeding, symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease, and segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis. Low-grade inflammation, visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal intestinal motility, and genetic factors have emerged as the key contributors to the pathogenesis of diverticular disease. Routine antibiotic use is no longer recommended for all cases of diverticulitis, and simple recurrence is not an indication for surgical treatment. Early colonoscopy with proper preparation is recommended for the treatment of diverticular bleeding, although recent studies have not shown significant efficacy in preventing recurrence. The roles of dietary fiber, nonabsorbable antibiotics, 5-aminosalicylates, and probiotics in the prevention of diverticular disease are controversial and require further investigation.
Focused Review article
Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Pathology and diagnostic approaches to well-differentiated hepatocellular lesions: a narrative review
Joon Hyuk Choi, Swan N. Thung
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:5.   Published online October 24, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00766
  • 5,108 View
  • 256 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
AbstractAbstract PDF
Well-differentiated hepatocellular lesions (WDHLs) are liver tumors or nonneoplastic lesions in which the cells closely resemble normal hepatocytes. These lesions often include focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular adenoma, macroregenerative nodule, dysplastic nodule, and well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. The diagnosis of these lesions remains challenging because of their morphological similarities, particularly when examined using needle biopsy. The accurate diagnosis of WDHLs is crucial for patient management and prognosis. This review addresses the histopathological characteristics and diagnostic approaches of WDHLs.
Review article
Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
Ultrasound imaging and guidance in the management of myofascial pain syndrome: a narrative review
Wei-Ting Wu, Ke-Vin Chang, Vincenzo Ricci, Levent Özçakar
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):179-187.   Published online June 17, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00416
  • 7,663 View
  • 406 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by muscle pain, tenderness, and trigger points. Ultrasonography has emerged as a key tool for diagnosing and treating MPS owing to its ability to provide precise, minimally invasive guidance. This review discusses the use of ultrasonography in various approaches to evaluate and manage MPS. Studies have shown that shear-wave sonoelastography can effectively assess muscle elasticity and offer insights into trapezius stiffness in patients with MPS. Ultrasound-guided interfascial hydrodissection, especially with visual feedback, has demonstrated effectiveness in treating trapezius MPS. Similarly, ultrasound-guided rhomboid interfascial plane blocks and perimysium dissection for posterior shoulder MPS have significantly reduced pain and improved quality of life. The combination of extracorporeal shockwave therapy with ultrasound-guided lidocaine injections has been particularly successful in reducing pain and stiffness in trapezius MPS. Research regarding various guided injections, including dry needling, interfascial plane blocks, and fascial hydrodissection, emphasizes the importance of ultrasonography for accuracy and safety. Additionally, ultrasound-guided delivery of local anesthetics and steroids to the quadratus lumborum muscle has shown lasting pain relief over a 6-month period. Overall, these findings highlight the pivotal role of ultrasonography in the assessment and treatment of MPS.

Citations

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  • Blood Flow of the Infraspinatus Muscle in Individuals With and Without Shoulder Pain and Myofascial Trigger Points
    Jace Brown, Gary Kearns, Emily Hedges, Samantha Samaniego, Sharon Wang‐Price
    Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.2025; 44(1): 127.     CrossRef
  • Ultrasound-Guided vs Non-Guided Pharmacopuncture for Cervical Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Multi-Center Prospective Comparative Study Protocol
    Kwangho Kim, Juhwan Song, Hongmin Chu, Robin Kwon, Seongjun Park, Junhui Kwon, Hyeon Joon Hong, Youngyun Lee, Sanghyuk Kwon, Kyungho Kang, Jungtae Leem, Cheol-Hyun Kim
    Journal of Pain Research.2025; Volume 18: 1417.     CrossRef
  • Integrating Ultrasound-Guided Injections and Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation in Chronic Myofascial/Lumbar Pain
    Wei-Ting Wu, Ke-Vin Chang, Kamal Mezian, Vincenzo Ricci, Levent Özçakar
    Life.2025; 15(4): 563.     CrossRef
  • Ultrasound-guided 10% dextrose interfascial hydrodissection for patients with myofascial pain syndrome: A retrospective observational study
    Tao Wu, Bao Ru, Haixin Song, Zhiping Liao, Xiaotian Yang, Fangchao Wu, Jianhua Li
    Medicine.2025; 104(25): e42587.     CrossRef
  • Integrating Ultrasound-Guided Multifidus Injections with Repeated Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation for Low Back Pain: A Feasibility Study
    Wei-Ting Wu, Ke-Vin Chang, Levent Özçakar
    Journal of Pain Research.2024; Volume 17: 2873.     CrossRef
  • Ultrasound-guided fascial plane blocks in chronic pain: a narrative review
    Francesco Marrone, Carmine Pullano, Alessandro De Cassai, Pierfrancesco Fusco
    Journal of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Critical Care.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Resident fellow section: Clinical vignette
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Differential diagnosis for unusually dilated coronary sinus and right coronary artery incidentally found on echocardiography
Byeng-Ju Son, Hojeong Kim, Jong-Ho Nam
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):461-465.   Published online October 6, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00906
  • 11,527 View
  • 196 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
PDF

Citations

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  • Persistent left cranial vena cava in a dog
    Z. Yilmaz, M. Kocaturk, J. Koch
    Journal of Small Animal Practice.2024; 65(11): 830.     CrossRef
Review articles
Emergency and Critical Care Medicine
Advances and utility of digital twins in critical care and acute care medicine: a narrative review
Gabriele A. Halpern, Marko Nemet, Diksha M. Gowda, Oguz Kilickaya, Amos Lal
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:9.   Published online November 25, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.01053
  • 4,040 View
  • 122 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promise for revolutionizing healthcare. This narrative review focuses on the evolving discussion of the utility of AI and clinical informatics in critical care and acute care medicine, specifically focusing on digital twin (DT) technology. The improved computational power and iterative validation of these intelligent tools have enhanced medical education, in silico research, and clinical decision support in critical care settings. Integrating DTs into critical care opens vast opportunities, but simultaneously poses complex challenges, from data safety and privacy concerns to potentially increasing healthcare disparities. In medicine, DTs can significantly improve the efficiency of critical care systems. Stakeholder investment is essential for successful implementation and integration of these technologies.
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Effects of postoperative rehabilitation on functional exercise capacity, dyspnea, and quality of life after pulmonary endarterectomy: a systematic review
Massimiliano Polastri
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:32.   Published online April 10, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.32
  • 2,205 View
  • 151 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) leads to increased vascular resistance and progressive right heart failure resulting from occlusion of proximal pulmonary arteries by fibrotic intravascular material. The elective surgical treatment for CTEPH is pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA), which involves removal of the chronic thromboembolic material from the entire pulmonary arterial tree. This study aimed to verify the effects of acute and subacute postoperative rehabilitation on the functional exercise capacity, dyspnea, and quality of life (QoL) of patients with CTEPH undergoing PEA. This was a systematic review of seven primary databases. At the end of the selection process, five documents were included in the final analysis. Three of these five studies were conducted in Italy, one in Korea, and one in Germany. Of 204 patients, 95 (47%) were male. This systematic review determined that in patients with CTEPH pre-PEA, the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) ranged between 284.7 m and 371.95 m and that at 6 to 12 weeks post-PEA, after having attended postoperative rehabilitation, the 6MWD was 434.1 m to 483.6 m. The Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire was administered to evaluate QoL 3 and 22 weeks after PEA. At 22 weeks, the SF-36 physical component summary score improved from baseline (42.78±18.37 points) by 19.55±19.42 points (p=0.001), and the SF-36 mental component summary score improved from baseline (55.76±23.94 points) by 6.36±20.44 points (p=0.137).
Psychiatry and Mental Health
Advances, challenges, and prospects of electroencephalography-based biomarkers for psychiatric disorders: a narrative review
Seokho Yun
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(4):261-268.   Published online September 9, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00668
  • 4,270 View
  • 113 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Owing to a lack of appropriate biomarkers for accurate diagnosis and treatment, psychiatric disorders cause significant distress and functional impairment, leading to social and economic losses. Biomarkers are essential for diagnosing, predicting, treating, and monitoring various diseases. However, their absence in psychiatry is linked to the complex structure of the brain and the lack of direct monitoring modalities. This review examines the potential of electroencephalography (EEG) as a neurophysiological tool for identifying psychiatric biomarkers. EEG noninvasively measures brain electrophysiological activity and is used to diagnose neurological disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia, and identify psychiatric biomarkers. Despite extensive research, EEG-based biomarkers have not been clinically utilized owing to measurement and analysis constraints. EEG studies have revealed spectral and complexity measures for depression, brainwave abnormalities in BD, and power spectral abnormalities in schizophrenia. However, no EEG-based biomarkers are currently used clinically for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The advantages of EEG include real-time data acquisition, noninvasiveness, cost-effectiveness, and high temporal resolution. Challenges such as low spatial resolution, susceptibility to interference, and complexity of data interpretation limit its clinical application. Integrating EEG with other neuroimaging techniques, advanced signal processing, and standardized protocols is essential to overcome these limitations. Artificial intelligence may enhance EEG analysis and biomarker discovery, potentially transforming psychiatric care by providing early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and improved disease progression monitoring.

Citations

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  • Zipper Pattern: An Investigation into Psychotic Criminal Detection Using EEG Signals
    Gulay Tasci, Prabal Datta Barua, Dahiru Tanko, Tugce Keles, Suat Tas, Ilknur Sercek, Suheda Kaya, Kubra Yildirim, Yunus Talu, Burak Tasci, Filiz Ozsoy, Nida Gonen, Irem Tasci, Sengul Dogan, Turker Tuncer
    Diagnostics.2025; 15(2): 154.     CrossRef
  • Innovative Therapeutic Approaches in Severe Adolescent Depression: Neuroimaging and Pharmacological Insights
    Andrei-Gabriel Zanfir, Simona-Corina Trifu
    Balneo and PRM Research Journal.2025; 16(Vol 16 No.): 765.     CrossRef
  • Epileptic Seizure Detection Using Machine Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Lin Bai, Gerhard Litscher, Xiaoning Li
    Brain Sciences.2025; 15(6): 634.     CrossRef
  • A Systematic Review of Mental Health Monitoring and Intervention Using Unsupervised Deep Learning on EEG Data
    Akhila Reddy Yadulla, Guna Sekhar Sajja, Santosh Reddy Addula, Mohan Harish Maturi, Geeta Sandeep Nadella, Elyson De La Cruz, Karthik Meduri, Hari Gonaygunta
    Psychology International.2025; 7(3): 61.     CrossRef
Focused Review articles
Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
The prevalence and prevention strategies of pediatric obesity: a narrative review
Mi Seon Lee
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):141-149.   Published online July 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00346
  • 5,586 View
  • 114 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Pediatric obesity has rapidly increased globally over the past few decades, including in Korea. We aimed to discuss trends in the prevalence of pediatric obesity and effective prevention strategies. Its prevalence has markedly increased in most high-income nations. According to recent reports, this increase has slowed in developed countries, but the levels remain alarmingly high. In Korea, the rate of pediatric obesity has surged notably since the 1990s; however, since the 2000s, this increase has become more gradual. According to recently published 2017 growth charts, the prevalence of pediatric obesity in Korea varies slightly depending on the data source. The National School Health Examination data showed that pediatric obesity gradually increase from 11.5% in 2014 to 15.1% in 2019, and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, it sharply increased to 19% in 2021. Based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of pediatric obesity gradually increased from 10.8% in 2017 to 13.6% in 2019. This trend, which accelerated sharply to 15.9% in 2020 and 19.3% in 2021, was especially severe in boys and older children. Pediatric obesity not only affects health during childhood but also increases the risk of developing obesity and associated health conditions in adulthood. Despite ongoing research on treatment options, obesity prevention and control remain challenging. Hence, prioritizing early intervention and prevention of pediatric obesity through healthy eating habits and lifestyles is crucial. This requires intervention at the individual, family, school, and community levels.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Obesity in children and adolescents in different racial and ethnic groups: a review of current studies
    E. D. Stepanova
    Transbaikalian Medical Bulletin.2025; (2): 211.     CrossRef
  • Exploring comprehensive insights into pediatric obesity
    Yong Hee Hong
    Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2024; 41(3): 139.     CrossRef
  • Title: A Qualitative Systematic Review of Parental Perceptions, Motivators, and Barriers to Management of Childhood Obesity
    Sarah Musa, Ayman Al-Dahshan, Vahe Kehyayan
    Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2024; Volume 17: 4749.     CrossRef
Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Effective and appropriate use of weight loss medication in pediatric obesity: a narrative review
Yoojin Lindsey Chung
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):158-165.   Published online July 2, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00353
  • 5,453 View
  • 136 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Over the past few decades, there has been a notable increase in the incidence of pediatric obesity, which is a significant public health concern. Children who are obese have a greater risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and adult obesity. Lifestyle modification therapy is typically the initial approach to treat pediatric obesity. For patients who do not achieve success with lifestyle modification therapy alone, pharmacotherapy is the next logical treatment option. When selecting an anti-obesity medication (AOM), it is essential to first ascertain the medical background of the patient, including current medications and obesity-associated comorbidities. Evaluation of obesity phenotypes in patients may also be beneficial. AOMs for pediatric obesity include metformin, orlistat, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, phentermine, and the phentermine/topiramate combination. Sufficient lifestyle modification therapy should be administered before considering pharmacotherapy and continued after the initiation of AOM. To ensure healthy development, monitoring growth and puberty development during anti-obesity treatments is essential.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Pediatric Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery and Antiobesity Medications: Weighing Efficacy, Risks, and Future Directions
    Justine O. Chinn, Jennifer Woo Baidal, Janey S.A. Pratt, W. Elizabeth Shepard, Gillian L. Fell
    The Journal of Pediatrics.2025; 283: 114610.     CrossRef
  • Exploring comprehensive insights into pediatric obesity
    Yong Hee Hong
    Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2024; 41(3): 139.     CrossRef
Original article
Neurology
Magnesium as an adjunct to nimodipine in subarachnoid hemorrhage: a meta-analysis
Riva Satya Radiansyah, Yuri Pamungkas, Ilham Ikhtiar
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:26.   Published online February 2, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.26
  • 3,069 View
  • 120 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating neurological condition with high morbidity and mortality rates. Although nimodipine is widely used in the management of SAH, the potential benefits of magnesium as adjunct therapy remain unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining magnesium with nimodipine for the management of SAH.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies comparing magnesium plus nimodipine versus nimodipine alone in patients with SAH were included. Key outcomes included cerebral vasospasm (CV), delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), functional outcomes, mortality, and adverse events.
Results
Twelve studies involving 2,338 patients were included. The combination of magnesium and nimodipine significantly reduced the incidence of CV (odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29–0.95; p=0.03) and DCI (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31–0.87; p=0.01) compared to nimodipine alone. However, no significant differences were found in functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale: OR, 0.97; p=0.75; Glasgow Outcome Scale: OR, 0.81; p=0.24), mortality (OR, 0.97; p=0.83), or secondary cerebral infarction (OR, 0.38; p=0.12). The incidence of adverse events was higher in the combination group; however, this difference was not statistically significant (OR, 3.14; p=0.33).
Conclusion
Adding magnesium to nimodipine therapy in patients with SAH may help reduce CV and DCI incidence but does not significantly improve functional outcomes or mortality. Further large-scale studies are needed to optimize the dosing regimens and confirm these findings.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Magnesium sulfate in combination with nimodipine in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective analysis of short- and long-term mortality
    Hui Shen, Yibo Yang, Qing Mei, Zhenkun Xiao, Bing Wang, Aihua Liu
    Neurosurgical Review.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Review article
Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Screening and treatment of endocrine hypertension focusing on adrenal gland disorders: a narrative review
Seung Min Chung
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(4):269-278.   Published online September 19, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00752
  • 3,940 View
  • 170 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Most cases of high blood pressure have no identifiable cause, termed essential hypertension; however, in approximately 15% of cases, hypertension occurs due to secondary causes. Primary aldosteronism (PA) and pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are representative endocrine hypertensive diseases. The differentiation of endocrine hypertension provides an opportunity to cure and prevent target organ damage. PA is the most common cause of secondary hypertension, which significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease compared to essential hypertension; thus, patients with clinical manifestations suggestive of secondary hypertension should be screened for PA. PPGL are rare but can be fatal when misdiagnosed. PPGL are the most common hereditary endocrine tumors; therefore, genetic testing using next-generation sequencing panels is recommended. Herein, we aimed to summarize the characteristic clinical symptoms of PA and PPGL and when and how diagnostic tests and treatment strategies should be performed.
Case report
Dentistry
Oral chemical burns caused by topical application of policresulen: a case report
Hwa Suk Chae, Sohee Kang
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(3):293-296.   Published online October 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00472
  • 7,459 View
  • 255 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Oral mucosal burns can occur after contact with various chemical agents, and commonly manifest as areas of mucosal sloughing and ulceration. Policresulen (Albothyl, Celltrion Pharm Inc.) is an over-the-counter topical antiseptic that is frequently used to treat stomatitis. Policresulen solution is highly acidic, with an approximate pH of 0.6; it can thus cause mucosal injury when improperly applied in the oral cavity. Here, we present a rare case of an oral mucosal burn resulting from incorrect self-administration of policresulen and emphasize the importance of increasing understanding of this adverse drug event among consumers and health professionals.
Original articles
Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Adult height in girls with central precocious puberty without gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment: a retrospective case-control study
Hyun Ji Jang, Min Jung Kwak, Young Mi Kim, Soo-Han Choi, Kyung Hee Park, Hye Won Yoo, Su Jeong Park, Yoon Hee Jo, Ha Young Jo
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(Suppl):S81-S86.   Published online November 7, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00801
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the final adult height (FAH) of girls diagnosed with central precocious puberty (CPP) who were untreated.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 36 girls diagnosed with CPP between 8 and 9 years of age who did not receive treatment, and 206 girls diagnosed with CPP within the same age range who received gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment. Midparental height (MPH), predicted adult height (PAH) obtained using height and bone age (BA) at the time of diagnosis (PAH for BA), and PAH obtained using the Bayley-Pinneau method (PAH by BP) were calculated. Additionally, height at the time of growth completion was compared with the predicted height.
Results
The FAHs were 160.71±4.56 cm in the untreated group and 159.31±4.26 cm in the treated group. In the untreated group, the FAH was 0.99±4.50 cm shorter than the MPH but 4.29±3.33 cm and 3.46±3.93 cm greater than the PAH for BA and PAH by BP, respectively.
Conclusion
In children diagnosed with CPP between 8 and 9 years of age who were untreated, FAH was greater than PAH for BA and PAH by BP at the time of diagnosis, indicating that the prognosis of FAH was not poor. Therefore, for girls diagnosed with CPP, it is recommended to consider various conditions, such as pubertal onset, height at diagnosis, BA, peak luteinizing hormone level, predicted height, and speed of puberty, when deciding whether to administer GnRH agonists.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Height benefits after GnRHa treatment in girls aged over 6 years with central precocious puberty: a meta-analysis
    Ming Chen, Jie-yu Sun, Xing Ji, Ming-ming Ni
    Endocrine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • LONG TERM CONSEQUENCES OF PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY - EXPLORING HEALTH, METABOLIC, AND PSYCHIATRIC CHALLENGES
    Justyna Popczyńska, Agnieszka Raczyńska, Natalia Pacocha, Oliwia Krzemień, Kinga Kosiec, Jakub Jędrychowski, Natalia Karpowicz, Julia Kaszucka, Małgorzata Krzyżanowska, Marta Zgierska
    International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Medical Education
Current status and needs of community-based practice in public healthcare institutions among Korean medical schools: a cross-sectional study
Songrim Kim, Bongeun Cha, Sun Young Kyung, So Jung Yune, Kyung Hye Park, Kwi Hwa Park
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:21.   Published online January 6, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.21
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
This study analyzed the status of community-based practice in public healthcare institutions in Korean medical schools and identified related needs.
Methods
We conducted an online cross-sectional survey in which 32 of 40 medical schools (80.0%) participated between March and April 2023. We developed questionnaire items aimed at ascertaining the status and perceptions of community-based practice and analyzed the response data using frequency analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test, and content analysis with word clouds.
Results
Of the 32 medical schools analyzed, 23 (71.9%) offered practical courses, and of those, 12 (52.2%) implemented practice lessons within courses. Among 20 schools, 18 (90.0%) required students to complete practical courses and over 50% offered these courses in the third and fourth years of the clerkship phase. Perceptions of community practice showed no significant differences based on whether courses were offered. Many schools have proposed that practice should be a continuous curricular element from the premedical to medical years. The primary challenges facing community-based practice were identified as faculty development, collaboration, and compensation of practice institutions. The following words were extracted from the respondents’ comments: practice, community, institution, student, education, faculty, university, and public.
Conclusion
This study identified the limitations of community-based education provided by Korean medical schools and we report findings that highlight areas of improvement. Notable among these is the need to continuously incorporate community-based practice into medical education while engaging in discussions and conducting research toward developing a comprehensive and systematic curriculum.
Review article
Radiology, Radiotherapy & Diagnostic Imaging
Digital auscultation in clear and present threat of novel respiratory infectious disease: a narrative review
Heeeon Lee, Gun Kim, Jacob Sangwoon Bae
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:19.   Published online December 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.19
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has underscored the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods, particularly in ensuring the safety of healthcare workers and patients during infectious outbreaks. Smartphone-based digital stethoscopes enhanced with artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged as potential tools for addressing these challenges by enabling remote, efficient, and accessible auscultation. Despite advancements, most existing systems depend on additional hardware and external processing, increasing costs and complicating deployment. This review examines the feasibility and limitations of smartphone-based digital stethoscopes powered by AI, focusing on their ability to perform real-time analyses of audible and inaudible sound frequencies. We also explore the regulatory barriers, data storage challenges, and diagnostic accuracy issues that must be addressed to facilitate broader adoption. The implementation of these devices in veterinary medicine is discussed as a practical step toward refining their applications. With targeted improvements and careful consideration of existing limitations, smartphone-based AI stethoscopes could enhance diagnostic capabilities in human and animal healthcare settings.
Original article
Medical Informatics
Large language model usage guidelines in Korean medical journals: a survey using human-artificial intelligence collaboration
Sangzin Ahn
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:14.   Published online December 11, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00794
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Large language models (LLMs), the most recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), have profoundly affected academic publishing and raised important ethical and practical concerns. This study examined the prevalence and content of AI guidelines in Korean medical journals to assess the current landscape and inform future policy implementation.
Methods
The top 100 Korean medical journals determined by Hirsh index were surveyed. Author guidelines were collected and screened by a human researcher and AI chatbot to identify AI-related content. The key components of LLM policies were extracted and compared across journals. The journal characteristics associated with the adoption of AI guidelines were also analyzed.
Results
Only 18% of the surveyed journals had LLM guidelines, which is much lower than previously reported in international journals. However, the adoption rates increased over time, reaching 57.1% in the first quarter of 2024. High-impact journals were more likely to have AI guidelines. All journals with LLM guidelines required authors to declare LLM tool use and 94.4% prohibited AI authorship. The key policy components included emphasizing human responsibility (72.2%), discouraging AI-generated content (44.4%), and exempting basic AI tools (38.9%).
Conclusion
While the adoption of LLM guidelines among Korean medical journals is lower than the global trend, there has been a clear increase in implementation over time. The key components of these guidelines align with international standards, but greater standardization and collaboration are needed to ensure the responsible and ethical use of LLMs in medical research and writing.
Review article
Radiology, Radiotherapy & Diagnostic Imaging
Hepatic encephalopathy on magnetic resonance imaging and its uncertain differential diagnoses: a narrative review
Chun Geun Lim, Myong Hun Hahm, Hui Joong Lee
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(2):136-145.   Published online January 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00689
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe neuropsychiatric abnormality in patients with either acute or chronic liver failure. Typical brain magnetic resonance imaging findings of HE are bilateral basal ganglia high signal intensities due to manganese deposition in chronic liver disease and hyperintensity in T2, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, or diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with hemispheric white matter changes including the corticospinal tract. Low values on apparent diffusion coefficient mapping of the affected area on DWI, indicating cytotoxic edema, can be observed in acute HE. However, neuropsychological impairment in HE ranges from mild deficits in psychomotor abilities affecting quality of life to stupor or coma with higher grades of hepatic dysfunction. In particular, the long-lasting compensatory mechanisms for the altered metabolism in chronic liver disease make HE imaging results variable. Therefore, the clinical relevance of imaging findings is uncertain and differentiating HE from other metabolic diseases can be difficult. The recent introduction of concepts such as “acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF),” a new clinical entity, has led to a change in the clinical view of HE. Accordingly, there is a need to establish a corresponding concept in the field of neuroimaging diagnosis. Herein, we review HE from a historical and etiological perspective to increase understanding of brain imaging and help establish an imaging approach for advanced new concepts such as ACLF. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an understanding of HE by reviewing neuroimaging findings based on pathological and clinical concepts of HE, thereby assisting in neuroimaging interpretation.

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  • Cell–cell communications in the brain of hepatic encephalopathy: The neurovascular unit
    Kyuwan Choi, Yena Cho, Yerin Chae, So Yeong Cheon
    Life Sciences.2025; 363: 123413.     CrossRef
  • A Case of Hepatic Encephalopathy With Diffuse Brainstem Signal Changes on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Hiromu Yurimoto, Taiki Matsubayashi, Isamu Shibata, Misako Furuki, Masato Obayashi
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pattern Clustering of Symmetric Regional Cerebral Edema on Brain MRI in Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy
    Chun Geun Lim, Hui Joong Lee
    Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2024; 85(2): 381.     CrossRef
  • Response to “Brain Lesions in Liver Cirrhosis May Not Only Be Due to Hepatic Encephalopathy”
    Hui Joong Lee
    Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2024; 85(4): 827.     CrossRef
  • Altered Mental Status in the Solid-Organ Transplant Recipient
    Nicolas Weiss, Henning Pflugrad, Prem Kandiah
    Seminars in Neurology.2024; 44(06): 670.     CrossRef
  • Reversibility of structural and functional alterations of hepatic encephalopathy
    Henning Pflugrad, Ann-Katrin Hennemann
    Metabolic Brain Disease.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Rule out all differential causes before attributing cerebral bleeding to 5-aminolevulinic acid
    Josef Finsterer, Sounira Mehri
    Child's Nervous System.2023; 39(4): 847.     CrossRef
  • Minimal hepatic encephalopathy: clinical, neurophysiological, neuroimaging markers
    P. I. Kuznetsova, A. A. Raskurazhev, S. N. Morozova, I. M. Lovchev, M. S. Novruzbekov, M. M. Tanashyan
    Russian neurological journal.2023; 28(5): 21.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy at Nangarhar Regional Hospital
    Ameerullah Razai, Ismail Khan Safi, Said Abdul Jamil Saidi, Said Inam Saidi
    Nangarhar University International Journal of Biosciences.2023; : 34.     CrossRef
Case report
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Unilateral lower extremity lymphedema followed by COVID-19 vaccination in patients with cervical cancer history: two case reports
Jae Ik Jung, Hee Kyung Cho
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:23.   Published online January 21, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.23
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic prompted the development of messenger RNA vaccines. Following extensive vaccination campaigns worldwide, several adverse reactions to these vaccines have been reported. This is a case series of unilateral lower extremity lymphedema after COVID-19 vaccination in two patients with a history of cervical cancer. An 82-year-old woman and a 68-year-old woman visited the outpatient clinic with unilateral leg edema after receiving a COVID-19 booster vaccine (BNT162b2; Pfizer-BioNTech) in the deltoid muscle. Both patients had a common history of cervical cancer treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy and were in complete remission. Gynecological evaluations, including laboratory and imaging studies, revealed no specific findings. Lymphoscintigraphy revealed delayed lymphatic drainage with diffuse dermal backflow in a unilateral lower extremity. This case series explores adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccination in patients who are at high risk of developing lymphedema, providing novel data for similar clinical presentations.
Focused Review articles
Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Management and rehabilitation of moderate-to-severe diabetic foot infection: a narrative review
Chi Young An, Seung Lim Baek, Dong-Il Chun
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):343-351.   Published online September 19, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00717
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Diabetic foot is one of the most devastating consequences of diabetes, resulting in amputation and possibly death. Therefore, early detection and vigorous treatment of infections in patients with diabetic foot are critical. This review seeks to provide guidelines for the therapy and rehabilitation of patients with moderate-to-severe diabetic foot. If a diabetic foot infection is suspected, bacterial cultures should be initially obtained. Numerous imaging studies can be used to identify diabetic foot, and recent research has shown that white blood cell single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography has comparable diagnostic specificity and sensitivity to magnetic resonance imaging. Surgery is performed when a diabetic foot ulcer is deep and is accompanied by bone and soft tissue infections. Patients should be taught preoperative rehabilitation before undergoing stressful surgery. During surgical procedures, it is critical to remove all necrotic tissue and drain the inflammatory area. It is critical to treat wounds with suitable dressings after surgery. Wet dressings promote the formation of granulation tissues and new blood vessels. Walking should begin as soon as the patient’s general condition allows it, regardless of the wound status or prior walking capacity. Adequate treatment of comorbidities, including hypertension and dyslipidemia, and smoking cessation are necessary. Additionally, broad-spectrum antibiotics are required to treat diabetic foot infections.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Unveiling the challenges of diabetic foot infections: diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and rehabilitation
    Chul Hyun Park
    Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2023; 40(4): 319.     CrossRef
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Overview of hepatocarcinogenesis focusing on cellular origins of liver cancer stem cells: a narrative review
Jong Ryeol Eun
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:3.   Published online November 11, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.01088
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  • 1 Web of Science
AbstractAbstract PDF
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 85% to 90% of primary liver cancers and generally has a poor prognosis. The hierarchical model, which posits that HCC originates from liver cancer stem cells (CSCs), is now widely accepted, as it is for other cancer types. As CSCs typically reside in the G0 phase of the cell cycle, they are resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Therefore, to effectively treat HCC, developing therapeutic strategies that target liver CSCs is essential. Clinically, HCCs exhibit a broad spectrum of pathological and clinical characteristics, ranging from well-differentiated to poorly differentiated forms, and from slow-growing tumors to aggressive ones with significant metastatic potential. Some patients with HCC also show features of cholangiocarcinoma. This HCC heterogeneity may arise from the diverse cellular origins of liver CSCs. This review explores the normal physiology of liver regeneration and provides a comprehensive overview of hepatocarcinogenesis, including cancer initiation, isolation of liver CSCs, molecular signaling pathways, and microRNAs. Additionally, the cellular origins of liver CSCs are reviewed, emphasizing hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, along with the well-known hepatocytes and hepatic progenitor cells.
Communications
Medical Informatics
Emerging technologies in the field of medicine presented at the Consumer Electronics Show 2025
Jong-Ryul Yang, Min Cheol Chang
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:31.   Published online April 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.31
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The Consumer Electronics Show 2025 highlighted innovative technologies with considerable potential for healthcare, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and sensor technologies. Notable advances that were showcased included products that leverage AI to personalize health management, such as devices capable of recommending binaural beat stimulation, analyzing speech patterns to detect language impairment, and predicting blood pressure through sleep data analysis. AI applications to enhance sleep quality, reduce snoring, and assess the caloric content of children’s meals were presented. However, the accuracy of these products remains inadequate for clinical use, which limits their applications in community settings. This showcase also featured advances in both contact and noncontact sensor technologies. Contact-type sensors, such as wearable rings and sensors designed to measure vital signs, including pulse rate, blood glucose, and blood pressure, have been developed to mitigate discomfort while maintaining high accuracy. Noncontact sensors employing radar and remote photoplethysmography technologies have further demonstrated promise for vital sign monitoring without physical contact, although maintaining accuracy during movement remains a challenge. AI integration with sensors was further demonstrated by the development of an electronic stethoscope utilizing microelectromechanical systems and deep learning algorithms to facilitate the perception of heart and breath sounds, emulating the functionality of conventional stethoscopes. Furthermore, advances in laser-based blood glucose monitoring and wearable robotic belts designed to assist gait have underscored the progress in devices aimed at enhancing patient care and daily living. These technologies hold considerable potential to profoundly transform healthcare systems, particularly in home and community settings.
Case report
Neurology
Morgagni-Stewart-Morel syndrome presenting with neurological symptoms: a case report
Bünyamin Tosunoğlu, Nazlıcan Ergin, Nilay Kaya, Levent Ertuğrul İnan
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(3):308-310.   Published online December 1, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00675
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  • 109 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Morgagni-Stewart-Morel (MSM) syndrome is characterized by the thickening of the frontal bone of the skull (hyperostosis frontalis interna) obesity, neurological symptoms, and hypertrichosis. We present the case of a 76-year-old patient who complained of confusion, extreme irritability, and headache and was diagnosed with MSM based on examination, imaging, and test results.
Focused Review article
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Clinical significance of exosomal noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: a narrative review
Jae Sung Yoo, Min Kyu Kang
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:4.   Published online February 8, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01186
  • 3,914 View
  • 83 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
AbstractAbstract PDF
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, with poor prognosis owing to its high frequency of recurrence and metastasis. Moreover, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage owing to a lack of early detection markers. Exosomes, which are characterized by their cargos of stable intracellular messengers, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, play a crucial role in regulating cell differentiation and HCC development. Recently, exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs, have become increasingly important diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers of HCC. Herein, we discuss the clinical implications of exosomal ncRNAs, specifically those within the HCC regulatory network.
Original article
Otorhinolaryngology
Association between fatty liver disease and hearing impairment in Korean adults: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Da Jung Jung
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):402-411.   Published online June 26, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00304
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  • 3 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
We hypothesized that fatty liver disease (FLD) is associated with a high prevalence of hearing loss (HL) owing to metabolic disturbances. This study aimed to evaluate the association between FLD and HL in a large sample of the Korean population.
Methods
We used a dataset of adults who underwent routine voluntary health checkups (n=21,316). Fatty liver index (FLI) was calculated using Bedogni’s equation. The patients were divided into two groups: the non-FLD (NFLD) group (n=18,518, FLI <60) and the FLD group (n=2,798, FLI ≥60). Hearing thresholds were measured using an automatic audiometer. The average hearing threshold (AHT) was calculated as the pure-tone average at four frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kHz). HL was defined as an AHT of >40 dB.
Results
HL was observed in 1,370 (7.4%) and 238 patients (8.5%) in the NFLD and FLD groups, respectively (p=0.041). Compared with the NFLD group, the odds ratio for HL in the FLD group was 1.16 (p=0.040) and 1.46 (p<0.001) in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, respectively. Linear regression analyses revealed that FLI was positively associated with AHT in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Analyses using a propensity score-matched cohort showed trends similar to those using the total cohort.
Conclusion
FLD and FLI were associated with poor hearing thresholds and HL. Therefore, active monitoring of hearing impairment in patients with FLD may be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of HL in the general population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association of Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease With Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Among Older Adults
    Eun Seok Kang, Seohui Jang, Hye Jun Kim, Kyuwoong Kim, Meng Sha, Yun Hwan Oh, Michelle J. Suh, Seogsong Jeong
    Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The inflammatory and metabolic status of patients with sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss
    Jônatas Bussador do Amaral, Kelly Abdo Peron, Tracy Lima Tavares Soeiro, Marina Cançado Passarelli Scott, Flávia Tatiana Pedrolo Hortense, Michelly Damasceno da Silva, Carolina Nunes França, Luiz Henrique da Silva Nali, André Luis Lacerda Bachi, Norma de
    Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Which Environmental Pollutants Are Toxic to Our Ears?—Evidence of the Ototoxicity of Common Substances
    Gregory M. Zarus, Patricia Ruiz, Rae Benedict, Stephan Brenner, Krystin Carlson, Layna Jeong, Thais C. Morata
    Toxics.2024; 12(9): 650.     CrossRef
Focused Review article
Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
State-of-the-art update for diagnosing diabetic foot osteomyelitis: a narrative review
Inha Woo, Seung Jae Cho, Chul Hyun Park
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):321-327.   Published online October 12, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00976
  • 4,477 View
  • 136 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Recently, the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot and the Infectious Diseases Society of America divided diabetic foot disease into diabetic foot infection (DFI) and diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO). DFI is usually diagnosed clinically, while numerous methods exist to diagnose DFO. In this narrative review, the authors aim to summarize the updated data on the diagnosis of DFO. An extensive literature search using “diabetic foot [MeSH]” and “osteomyelitis [MeSH]” or “diagnosis” was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar in July 2023. The possibility of DFO is based on inflammatory clinical signs, including the probe-to-bone (PTB) test. Elevated inflammatory biochemical markers, especially erythrocyte sedimentation rate, are beneficial. Distinguishing abnormal findings of plain radiographs is also a first-line approach. Moreover, sophisticated modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine imaging, are helpful if doubt remains after a first-line diagnosis. Transcutaneous bone biopsy, which does not pass through the wound, is necessary to avoid contaminating the sample. This review focuses on the current diagnostic techniques for DFOs with an emphasis on the updates. To obtain the correct therapeutic results, selecting a proper option is necessary. Based on these numerous diagnosis modalities and indications, the proper choice of diagnostic tool can have favorable treatment outcomes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Deep learning-enhanced MRI for diabetic foot tarsal bone lesions and insulin injection behavior analysis
    Haidong Ye, Fang Yao
    Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences.2025; 18(2): 101493.     CrossRef
  • Unveiling the challenges of diabetic foot infections: diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and rehabilitation
    Chul Hyun Park
    Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2023; 40(4): 319.     CrossRef
Editorial
Advances in hepatocellular carcinoma: hepatocarcinogenesis, role of exosomal noncoding RNAs, and diagnostic pathology
Joon Hyuk Choi
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:2.   Published online November 7, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.01221
  • 6,942 View
  • 46 Download
PDF
Original articles
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Increased risk of adenomatous colon polyps in patients with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors: a single-center retrospective study
Na Rae Lim, Woo Chul Chung
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:24.   Published online January 21, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.24
  • 2,794 View
  • 123 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
It is unclear whether long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has a potential carcinogenic effect on the colorectum.
Methods
We reviewed a consecutive series of neurosurgery outpatients who underwent two or more colonoscopies between January 2014 and April 2023. Patients in whom the timing of endoscopy was not in accordance with the guidelines and those without a history of previous endoscopy were excluded. In the second colonoscopy, the risk of adenomatous colon polyps was evaluated depending on whether the patient had taken a PPI.
Results
In total, 520 patients were enrolled. In the multivariate analysis related to the risk of adenomatous colon polyps, age and aspirin use for >5 years were identified as significant factors. After excluding patients who had taken aspirin for >5 years, the patients were divided into three groups: those who had taken PPIs for >12 months, those who had taken PPIs for >3 months but <12 months, and those who had not taken PPIs. The risk of adenomatous colon polyps in these groups was 35.2%, 32.8%, and 22.8%, respectively (p=0.10). In the post-hoc analysis, there was a significant difference between patients who took PPIs and those who did not (p=0.03). In the multivariate analysis, a history of PPI use for >12 months was a significant risk factor for the development of advanced colon polyps (p=0.03).
Conclusion
Prolonged PPI use appears to increase the risk of developing adenomatous and advanced colon polyps.
Social and Family Medicine
Effects of psychological conditions and changes on smoking cessation success after a residential smoking cessation therapy program: a retrospective observational study
Gyu Lee Kim, Yu Hyeon Yi, Jeong Gyu Lee, Young Jin Tak, Seung Hun Lee, Young Jin Ra, Sang Yeoup Lee, Young Hye Cho, Eun Ju Park, Youngin Lee, Jung In Choi
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:20.   Published online January 2, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.20
  • 1,930 View
  • 112 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Residential smoking cessation therapy programs offer intensive treatment for heavy smokers who struggle to quit independently, particularly those with high nicotine dependence and health conditions that necessitate urgent cessation. While previous studies have established the effectiveness of such programs and identified various factors influencing smoking cessation success, it remains unclear how changes in smokers’ thoughts and attitudes following residential therapy correlate with their ability to quit smoking. We investigated the relationship between smoking cessation-related characteristics, smoking-related psychological status, and participants’ smoking cessation success after a residential smoking cessation therapy program.
Methods
From January 2017 to December 2018, 291 participants completed the program. All participants completed questionnaires on smoking cessation-related characteristics and smoking-related psychological status before the program and on the 5th day. Six months later, smoking cessation success was assessed using a urine cotinine test.
Results
After 6 months, 222 participants successfully quit smoking, while 69 failed. The success and failure groups exhibited statistically significant differences in age, marital status, total smoking duration, stress, and emotion regulation strategies. Participants who used ineffective emotion regulation strategies more frequently had a lower rate of smoking cessation success (odds ratio [OR], 0.969; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.948–0.991). Moreover, an increase in the perception of the negative effects of smoking cessation (OR, 0.982; 95% CI, 0.967–0.997) and smoking temptation (OR, 0.960; 95% CI, 0.929–0.993) was associated with higher cessation success.
Conclusion
Emotion regulation strategies, perceptions of the effects of smoking cessation, and smoking temptation were associated with successful smoking cessation.
Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine
Patient-specific predictors of successful frozen embryo transfer using the freeze-all protocol: a retrospective observational study
Hyun Joo Lee, Eun Hee Yu, Jong Kil Joo
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:28.   Published online February 25, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.28
  • 1,550 View
  • 92 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
The aim of this study was to examine various patient factors affecting first programmed embryo transfer (ET) outcomes under the freeze-all policy at a single tertiary university infertility center.
Methods
This retrospective observational study reviewed the medical records of 243 couples who underwent their first ET using blastocysts collected under the freeze-all antagonist-controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocol from 2015 to 2023. Patients were grouped into pregnant and nonpregnant groups, and their data, including demographics, COS and ET outcomes, and embryo storage duration, were analyzed.
Results
Patient body mass index, cause of infertility, follicle-to-oocyte index, distribution of blastocyst grades, number of transferred embryos, and embryo storage duration were not significantly different between the groups. In a simple comparative analysis, patients with successful clinical pregnancy tended to have significantly lower female and male age (33.83±3.67 and 35.32±4.54 years vs. 37.07±4.15 and 39.33±5.60 years, respectively), higher anti-Müllerian hormone levels (6.27±5.32 ng/mL vs. 4.14±3.82 ng/mL) and antral follicle counts (14.20±8.26 vs. 10.04±5.75), and higher numbers of retrieved oocytes and metaphase II oocytes (13.74±6.92 and 9.64±6.19 vs. 11.21±6.04 and 7.53±5.56, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of these variables revealed that only male age was a significant factor for successful clinical pregnancy (odds ratio, 4.768; 95% confidence interval, 1.252–18.162; p=0.022).
Conclusion
During the first programmed ET using blastocysts collected under the freeze-all antagonist COS protocol, male age and correspondingly the quality of gametes for fertilization were crucial for successful pregnancy, having more importance than calculated female ovarian reserve and embryo storage duration.
Case report
Nephrology
Ischemic monomelic neuropathy following arteriovenous fistula surgery: a case report
Da Woon Kim, You Hyun Jeon, Miju Bae, Sang Heon Song
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:7.   Published online November 11, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00948
  • 2,102 View
  • 60 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Ischemic monomelic neuropathy (IMN) is an uncommon complication of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) surgery that presents with pain, motor weakness, and sensory changes without critical ischemia. This report describes a rare case of successful IMN treatment after AVF surgery. A 61-year-old man with diabetic end-stage kidney disease was admitted for left brachiocephalic AVF surgery. Postoperatively, the patient complained of pain, motor weakness, and numbness in the left hand. However, the radial pulse remained palpable, and the overlying skin remained intact. A nerve conduction study above the wrist revealed reduced compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of the left ulnar nerve and no CMAP of the left median nerve. This study also showed the absence of sensory amplitude in both the left median and left ulnar nerves. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with IMN. Proximalization of the arterial inflow surgery was performed to redistribute blood flow while maintaining the AVF. The patient’s neurological symptoms resolved postoperatively. Various conditions can cause hand pain after AVF surgery; however, IMN has rarely been reported. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to avoid this rare complication in patients presenting with hand pain after AVF surgery.
Original article
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Impact of artificial intelligence in managing musculoskeletal pathologies in physiatry: a qualitative observational study evaluating the potential use of ChatGPT versus Copilot for patient information and clinical advice on low back pain
Christophe Ah-Yan, Ève Boissonnault, Mathieu Boudier-Revéret, Christopher Mares
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:11.   Published online November 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.01151
  • 2,477 View
  • 91 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
The self-management of low back pain (LBP) through patient information interventions offers significant benefits in terms of cost, reduced work absenteeism, and overall healthcare utilization. Using a large language model (LLM), such as ChatGPT (OpenAI) or Copilot (Microsoft), could potentially enhance these outcomes further. Thus, it is important to evaluate the LLMs ChatGPT and Copilot in providing medical advice for LBP and assessing the impact of clinical context on the quality of responses.
Methods
This was a qualitative comparative observational study. It was conducted within the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Montreal in Montreal, QC, Canada. ChatGPT and Copilot were used to answer 27 common questions related to LBP, with and without a specific clinical context. The responses were evaluated by physiatrists for validity, safety, and usefulness using a 4-point Likert scale (4, most favorable).
Results
Both ChatGPT and Copilot demonstrated good performance across all measures. Validity scores were 3.33 for ChatGPT and 3.18 for Copilot, safety scores were 3.19 for ChatGPT and 3.13 for Copilot, and usefulness scores were 3.60 for ChatGPT and 3.57 for Copilot. The inclusion of clinical context did not significantly change the results.
Conclusion
LLMs, such as ChatGPT and Copilot, can provide reliable medical advice on LBP, irrespective of the detailed clinical context, supporting their potential to aid in patient self-management.
Review articles
Rheumatology
The use of animal models in rheumatoid arthritis research
Jin-Sun Kong, Gi Heon Jeong, Seung-Ah Yoo
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):23-29.   Published online November 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00773
  • 7,870 View
  • 376 Download
  • 17 Web of Science
  • 17 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
The pathological hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a synovial pannus that comprises proliferating and invasive fibroblast-like synoviocytes, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and an associated neoangiogenic response. Animal models have been established to study these pathological features of human RA. Spontaneous and induced animal models of RA primarily reflect inflammatory aspects of the disease. Among various induced animal models, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) models are widely used to study the pathogenesis of RA. Improved transplantation techniques for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse models of RA can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of potential therapeutics in human tissues and cells. This review provides basic information on various animal models of RA, including CIA and CAIA. In addition, we describe a SCID mouse coimplantation model that can measure the long-distance migration of human RA synoviocytes and cartilage destruction induced by these cells.

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    Miguel Marco-Bonilla, Maria Fresnadillo, Macarena de la Riva-Bueno, Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont, Raquel Largo, Aránzazu Mediero
    Biology.2025; 14(5): 460.     CrossRef
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    Guilherme Henrique Oliveira Silva, Camila Ferreira Amaral, Edvalkia Magna Teobaldo da Rocha, Roberto Kenji Nakamura Cuman, Francielli Maria de Souza Silva Comar
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    Courtney Lynn Marshall, Mahadevappa Hemshekhar, Neeloffer Mookherjee, Liam J. O’Neil
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    Sara M. El-Sayed, Hanaa H. Ahmed, Hadeer A. Aglan, Mohamed M. Naguib, Mohamed R. Mohamed
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    The Innovation Medicine.2024; 2(1): 100050.     CrossRef
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    Xiuying Li, Xin Wang, Xiuwu Qu, Ningning Shi, Qinqing Li, Zhifang Yan, Yandong Li, Yingli Wang
    International Journal of Nanomedicine.2024; Volume 19: 3259.     CrossRef
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    James Perera, Chiara Aurora Delrosso, Alessandra Nerviani, Costantino Pitzalis
    Cells.2024; 13(9): 743.     CrossRef
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    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(15): 8327.     CrossRef
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    Katarína Pružinská, Martin Chrastina, Sasan Khademnematolahi, Veronika Vyletelová, Lívia Gajdošová, Lucia Pastvová, František Dráfi, Silvester Poništ, Ľudmila Pašková, Jarmila Kucharská, Zuzana Sumbalová, Jana Muchová, Silvia Martiniaková, Katarína Bauero
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    Santenna Chenchula, Ahmad Najmi, Shubham Atal, Balakrishnan Sadasivam
    Future Health.2024; 2: 138.     CrossRef
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    Yu Yamaguchi, Tomoko Kadowaki, Eiko Sakai, Mayuko Noguromi, Shun Oyakawa, Takayuki Tsukuba
    Biomedicines.2024; 12(11): 2504.     CrossRef
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    Mu Guo, Xiangbin Yu, Zesheng Yang, Hanlu Zheng, Jiahui Zhang, Junxiang Wang, Yiqi Liao, Weirui Huang, Zhaolong Lin, Yingxue Yan, Nengfu Qiu, Jianmin Chen, Yue Yu
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Psychiatry and Mental Health
Hypertension and cognitive dysfunction: a narrative review
Eun-Jin Cheon
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(3):225-232.   Published online November 29, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00605
  • 6,509 View
  • 238 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Cognitive dysfunction is relatively less considered a complication of hypertension. However, there is sufficient evidence to show that high blood pressure in middle age increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia in old age. The greatest impact on cognitive function in those with hypertension is on executive or frontal lobe function, similar to the area most damaged in vascular dementia. Possible cognitive disorders associated with hypertension are vascular dementia, Alzheimer disease, and Lewy body dementia, listed in decreasing strength of association. The pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with hypertension includes brain atrophy, microinfarcts, microbleeds, neuronal loss, white matter lesions, network disruption, neurovascular unit damage, reduced cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier damage, enlarged perivascular damage, and proteinopathy. Antihypertensive drugs may reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Given the high prevalence of dementia and its impact on quality of life, treatment of hypertension to reduce cognitive decline may be a clinically relevant intervention.

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  • A study of cognitive functions in elderly men from the Arctic region of the Russian Federation with arterial hypertension using the auditory event-related potentials P300
    Olga V. Krivonogova, Elena V. Krivonogova, Lilia V. Poskotinova
    Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology).2024; 31(2): 162.     CrossRef
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    Jan Traub, Anna Frey, Stefan Störk
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    María Gil-Peinado, Mónica Alacreu, Hernán Ramos, José Sendra-Lillo, Cristina García, Gemma García-Lluch, Teresa Lopez de Coca, Marta Sala, Lucrecia Moreno
    Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Case report
Neurology
Cerebral fat embolism syndrome: diagnostic challenges and catastrophic outcomes: a case series
Hussein A. Algahtani, Bader H. Shirah, Nawal Abdelghaffar, Fawziah Alahmari, Wajd Alhadi, Saeed A. Alqahtani
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(2):207-211.   Published online September 7, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00360
  • 5,711 View
  • 144 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Fat embolism syndrome is a rare but alarming, life-threatening clinical condition attributed to fat emboli entering the circulation. It usually occurs as a complication of long-bone fractures and joint reconstruction surgery. Neurological manifestations usually occur 12 to 72 hours after the initial insult. These neurological complications include cerebral infarction, spinal cord ischemia, hemorrhagic stroke, seizures, and coma. Other features include an acute confusional state, autonomic dysfunction, and retinal ischemia. In this case series, we describe three patients with fat embolism syndrome who presented with atypical symptoms and signs and with unusual neuroimaging findings. Cerebral fat embolism may occur without any respiratory or dermatological signs. In these cases, diagnosis is established after excluding other differential diagnoses. Neuroimaging using brain magnetic resonance imaging is of paramount importance in establishing a diagnosis. Aggressive hemodynamic and respiratory support from the beginning and consideration of orthopedic surgical intervention within the first 24 hours after trauma are critical to decreased morbidity and mortality.

Citations

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  • A Case of Fat Embolism Syndrome Treated with Methylprednisolone
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Review article
Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
Home mechanical ventilation in children with chronic respiratory failure: a narrative review
Soyoung Kwak
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(2):123-135.   Published online May 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00227
  • 7,102 View
  • 273 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Advances in perinatal and pediatric intensive care and recent advances in mechanical ventilation during the last two decades have resulted in an exponential increase in the number of children undergoing home mechanical ventilation (HMV) treatment. Although its efficacy in chronic respiratory failure is well established, HMV in children is more complex than that in adults, and there are more considerations. This review outlines clinical considerations for HMV in children. The goal of HMV in children is not only to correct alveolar hypoventilation but also to maximize development as much as possible. The modes of ventilation and ventilator settings, including ventilation masks, tubing, circuits, humidification, and ventilator parameters, should be tailored to the patient’s individual characteristics. To ensure effective HMV, education for the parent and caregiver is important. HMV continues to change the scope of treatment for chronic respiratory failure in children in that it decreases respiratory morbidity and prolongs life spans. Further studies on this topic with larger scale and systemic approach are required to ensure the better outcomes in this population.

Citations

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  • Swedish national cohort of children living with long-term respiratory support (DISCOVERY-P): cohort profile
    Johan Florén, Magnus Ekström, Berit Lindahl, Agneta Markström, Andreas Palm, Åsa Israelsson-Skogsberg
    BMJ Open.2025; 15(4): e090241.     CrossRef
  • No socioeconomic disparities in the availability of personal care assistance: a population-based cohort analysis of children living with respiratory support
    Johan Florén, Åsa Israelsson-Skogsberg, Magnus Ekström, Berit Lindahl, Agneta Markström, Andreas Palm
    International Journal for Equity in Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Discharge Practice Variability in Pediatric Chronic Home Invasive Ventilation
    Guillermo Beltran‐Ale, Ryne Simpson, Terri Magruder, Ajay S. Kasi, Amit Agarwal, Jake A. Kaslow
    Pediatric Pulmonology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Halime Nayır Büyükşahin, Ebru Yalcın
    Pediatric Pulmonology.2024; 59(8): 2145.     CrossRef
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    Gizem Özcan, Nazan Çobanoğlu
    Pediatric Pulmonology.2024; 59(8): 2149.     CrossRef
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    Ceyda Tuna Kirsaçlioğlu
    Pediatric Pulmonology.2024; 59(8): 2170.     CrossRef
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    Secahattin Bayav, Nazan Çobanoğlu
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    Aysun Genç, Birkan Sonel Tur
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    Jennifer Henningfeld, Annie B. Friedrich, Grace Flanagan, Cynthia Griffith, Anna Hughes, Lisa Molkentine, Rebecca Steuart, Stuart Wilkinson, Christopher D. Baker
    Pediatric Pulmonology.2024; 59(8): 2113.     CrossRef
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    Sonia Khirani, Vivian Ducrot
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    Majid Keivanfar, Mahnaz Kheiri, Sharareh Babaie, Mohsen Reisi
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Original article
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Enhancing ketamine anesthesia with midazolam and fentanyl for children’s ear surgery: a prospective randomized study
Seong Min Han, So Young Kwon, Jang Hyeok In, Jin Deok Joo
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):207-212.   Published online May 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00276
  • 3,815 View
  • 77 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Myringotomy with tympanostomy tube insertion (MTI) is a superficial surgical procedure used to prevent hearing loss in children with serous otitis media. Intravenous anesthesia, often ketamine, is preferred for this procedure because of its ability to induce sedation without compromising airway reflexes. However, ketamine alone may be insufficient and potentially lead to spontaneous movement during surgery. This study evaluated the effectiveness of midazolam and fentanyl as adjuvants to ketamine in reducing spontaneous movement during MTI and enhancing the quality of recovery.
Methods
This study involved two groups of 30 patients each: one group received intravenous ketamine (1.5 mg/kg) with an equal volume of normal saline (K group), while the other received a combination of midazolam, fentanyl, and ketamine (0.05 mg/kg, 1 μg/kg, and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively; MFK group). We assessed side effects, intraoperative patient movement, surgeon satisfaction, and emergence agitation scores.
Results
The MFK group exhibited significantly lower scores for patient movement (p<0.01) and emergence agitation (p<0.01) and markedly higher surgeon satisfaction scores (p<0.01) than the K group.
Conclusion
Administering a midazolam-fentanyl-ketamine combination effectively reduced spontaneous movement during surgery and emergence agitation during recovery without prolonging discharge times in children undergoing MTI.
Review article
Molecular Biology
Comprehensive overview of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of acute kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury: a narrative review
Min-Ji Kim, Chang Joo Oh, Chang-Won Hong, Jae-Han Jeon
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(2):61-73.   Published online February 14, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01347
  • 5,055 View
  • 176 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Acute kidney ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a life-threatening condition that predisposes individuals to chronic kidney disease. Since the kidney is one of the most energy-demanding organs in the human body and mitochondria are the powerhouse of cells, mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of IR-induced acute kidney injury. Mitochondrial dysfunction causes a reduction in adenosine triphosphate production, loss of mitochondrial dynamics (represented by persistent fragmentation), and impaired mitophagy. Furthermore, the pathological accumulation of succinate resulting from fumarate reduction under oxygen deprivation (ischemia) in the reverse flux of the Krebs cycle can eventually lead to a burst of reactive oxygen species driven by reverse electron transfer during the reperfusion phase. Accumulating evidence indicates that improving mitochondrial function, biogenesis, and dynamics, and normalizing metabolic reprogramming within the mitochondria have the potential to preserve kidney function during IR injury and prevent progression to chronic kidney disease. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the detrimental role of metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction in IR injury and explore potential therapeutic strategies for treating kidney IR injury.
Communications
Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
Differences in pain treatment between the healthcare systems in South Korea and Quebec and proposals for improvements
Min Cheol Chang, Mathieu Boudier-Revéret
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:16.   Published online December 18, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.01410
  • 1,959 View
  • 107 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
After a year of exchange in Montreal, a South Korean academic physiatrist and his Canadian colleague have reflected on the strengths and weaknesses of their respective healthcare systems. They have focused more specifically on physiatrist-delivered pain medicine treatments. This article is written based on personal perspectives. It aims to present the differences between the systems in South Korea and Quebec, highlighting the issues arising from each system and providing perspectives on potential solutions.
Original article
Dentistry
Incidence and severity of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with osteoporosis using data from a Korean nationwide sample cohort in 2002 to 2019: a retrospective study
Su-Youn Ko, Tae-Yoon Hwang, Kiwook Baek, Chulyong Park
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(1):39-44.   Published online January 3, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01116
  • 3,646 View
  • 120 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a significant concern, particularly among patients taking bisphosphonates (BPs), denosumab, and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for osteoporosis. Despite the known risks, large-scale cohort studies examining the incidence and severity of MRONJ are lacking. We aimed to ascertain the incidence and risk of MRONJ among these patients, whom we stratified by age groups, medication types, and duration of use.
Methods
We utilized data from the National Health Insurance Service’s sample cohort database, focusing on patients aged 40 years and above diagnosed with osteoporosis. The patients were divided into three groups: those prescribed BPs only, those prescribed SERMs only, and those prescribed both.
Results
The overall incidence rate of MRONJ was 0.17%. A significantly higher incidence rate was observed among those taking osteoporosis medications, particularly among females with a relative risk of 4.99 (95% confidence interval, 3.21–7.74). The SERM group also had an incidence rate comparable to that of the BP group. Severity was assessed based on the invasiveness of the treatment methods, with 71.3% undergoing invasive treatment in the medication group.
Conclusion
This study provides valuable insights into the incidence and severity of MRONJ among a large cohort of patients with osteoporosis. It underscores the need for comprehensive guidance on MRONJ risks across different medication groups and sets the stage for future research focusing on specific populations and treatment outcomes.

Citations

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  • Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with cancer using zoledronic acid and denosumab: Single-center retrospective study
    Motohiko Sano, Mai Amano, Miki Yamada, Yosuke Iijima, Shunsuke Hino, Hiroshi Sakagami, Norio Horie, Takahiro Kaneko
    Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Miika Kujanpää, Ville Vuollo, Antti Tiisanoja, Marja-Liisa Laitala, György K. Sándor, Saujanya Karki
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Case report
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Focal hand dystonia due to hemorrhage of the cervical spinal mass: a case report
Pelin Analay, Hazal Sevinç, Hilmi Berkan Abacıoğlu, Rahşan Göçmen, Bayram Kaymak, Levent Özçakar
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:10.   Published online November 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.01123
  • 1,719 View
  • 44 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by intermittent or sustained muscle contractions that lead to abnormal postures and/or repetitive movements. Although dystonia is traditionally considered a disorder of the basal ganglia, it has been observed in association with lesions at various sites of the motor and sensory pathways, including spinal cord pathologies such as syringomyelia, tumors, and demyelinating lesions. However, there has been an increasing number of focal dystonia cases due to peripheral injuries, such as soft tissue trauma, mononeuropathy, plexopathy, and radiculopathy. In this report, to the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of a patient who developed focal hand dystonia due to cervical mass hemorrhage. We review the literature and discuss possible mechanisms.
JYMS : Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
© Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Institute of Medical Science.
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