Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Case report

Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine
The diagnosis of an imperforate anus in female fetuses: Hyun Mi Kim, Hyun-Hwa Cha, Jong In Kim, Won Joon Seong, Sook-Hyun Park, Mi Ju Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(3):240-244. Published online October 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00507

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Imperforate anus is an anomaly caused by a defect in the development of the hindgut during early pregnancy. It is a relatively common congenital malformation and is more common in males. Although there are cases of a solitary imperforate anus, the condition is more commonly found as a part of a wider spectrum of other congenital anomalies. Although urgent reconstructive anorectal surgery is not necessary, immediate evaluation is important and urgent decompressive surgery may be required. Moreover, as there are often other anomalies that can affect management, prenatal diagnosis can help in optimizing perinatal care and prepare parents through prenatal counseling. In the past, imperforate anus was diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography based on indirect signs such as bowel dilatation or intraluminal calcified meconium. Currently, it is diagnosed by directly checking the perineum with prenatal ultrasonography. Despite advances in ultrasound technology, accurate prenatal diagnosis is impossible in most cases and imperforate anus is detected after birth. Here, we present two cases of imperforate anus in female fetuses that were not diagnosed prenatally.

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Haiyan Kuang, Hui Cao, Sheng Wang, Yingchun Luo, Yang Gao, Lingyu Yan, Junyi Yan, Yulin Peng
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Ultrasonography guided puncture and dilatation in membranous rectal atresia
Cunera M.C. de Beaufort, Joep P.M. Derikx, Simon G.F. Robben, Rick R. van Rijn, Ramon R. Gorter, L.W. Ernest van Heurn
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Radiology findings of Down syndrome: a literature review
Jacobus Jeno Wibisono, Carissa Faustina, Maria Georgina Wibisono, Jeanne Leman, Ratna Sutanto
Chinese Journal of Academic Radiology.2023; 6(4): 133. CrossRef
Аноректальні аномалії розвитку
Ольга Антонюк, Василь Пикалюк, Олександр Слободян, Альона Романюк, Людмила Шварц
Notes in Current Biology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Anorectoplasty and external sphincteroplasty via inverted V-shaped incision on the perineum for the treatment of imperforate anus with rectal fistula to navicular fossa: Report of 26 cases
Da Ma, Yi Wang, Ying-Song Liu
Asian Journal of Surgery.2022; 45(6): 1313. CrossRef
Challenges in prenatal diagnosis of foetal anorectal malformation and hydrocolpos – Case report
Muhammad Alamsyah Aziz, Fatima Zahra, Cut ZB Razianti, Nuniek Kharismawati, Tjut Sutjighassani, Nadia Larastri Almira, Kevin Dominique Tjandraprawira
Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Original articles

Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine
Clinical outcomes of hysterectomy for benign diseases in the female genital tract: 6 years’ experience in a single institute: Hyo-Shin Kim, Yu-Jin Koo, Dae-Hyung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2020;37(4):308-313. Published online April 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00185

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Abstract PDF

Background
Hysterectomy is one of the major gynecologic surgeries. Historically, several surgical procedures have been used for hysterectomy. The present study aims to evaluate the surgical trends and clinical outcomes of hysterectomy performed for benign diseases at the Yeungnam University Hospital.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent a hysterectomy for benign diseases from 2013 to 2018. Data included the patients’ demographic characteristics, surgical indications, hysterectomy procedures, postoperative pathologies, and perioperative outcomes.
Results
A total of 809 patients were included. The three major indications for hysterectomy were uterine leiomyoma, pelvic organ prolapse, and adenomyosis. The most common procedure was total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH, 45.2%), followed by open hysterectomy (32.6%). During the study period, the rate of open hysterectomy was nearly constant (29.4%–38.1%). The mean operative time was the shortest in the single-port laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH, 89.5 minutes), followed by vaginal hysterectomy (VH, 96.8 minutes) and TLH (105 minutes). The mean decrease in postoperative hemoglobin level was minimum in single-port LAVH (1.8 g/dL) and VH (1.8 g/dL). Conversion to open surgery or multi-port surgery occurred in five cases (0.6%). Surgical complications including wound dehiscence, organ injuries, and conditions requiring reoperation were observed in 52 cases (6.4%).
Conclusion
Minimally invasive approach was used for most hysterectomies for benign diseases, but the rate of open hysterectomy has mostly remained constant. Single-port LAVH and VH showed the most tolerable outcomes in terms of operative time and postoperative drop in hemoglobin level in selected cases.

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Depression and qulity of life in women of reproductive age in the context of surgical menopause
Olga Cernetchi, Elena Vataman
Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. Medical Sciences.2025; (2(82)): 18. CrossRef
Analysis of Different Routes of Hysterectomy Based on a Prospective Algorithm and Their Complications in a Tertiary Care Institute
Subrat Panda, Ananya Das, Rituparna Das, Nalini Sharma, Wansalan Shullai, Vinayak Jante, Anusuya Sharma, Kaushiki Singh, Prateeti Baruah, Ruksana Makakmayum, Imtiaz Wani
Minimally Invasive Surgery.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef

Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine
Clinical and histopathologic analysis of gynecological cancer: a single institute experience over 7 years: Soo-Young Lee, Eunbyeol Kim, Hyo-Shin Kim, Yu-Jin Koo, Dae-Hyung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2020;37(3):179-185. Published online March 5, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2019.00451

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Abstract PDF

Background
Approximately 100,000 women are diagnosed with cancer each year in Korea. According to a survey by the Korean central cancer registry in 2016, uterine cervical cancer, uterine corpus cancer, and ovarian cancer were the 5th, 7th, and 8th most prevalent cancers respectively among Korean women. The present study aims to review the clinico-pathologic characteristics of patients who were treated for major gynecological malignancies at Yeungnam University Medical Center.
Methods
Patients with invasive gynecological cancers from January 2012 to February 2019 were retrospectively identified. We analyzed the clinical features, demographic profiles, pathologic data, treatment modality used, adjuvant treatment used, complications, recurrence, and survival outcomes.
Results
A total of 287 patients (cervical cancer 115; corporal cancer 86; and ovarian, tubal, or primary peritoneal cancer 90) were included. Most cervical (82.7%) and corporal cancers (89.5%) were diagnosed in the early stages (stage I or II), while more than half (58.9%) the cases of ovarian, tubal or peritoneal cancers were diagnosed in the advanced stages (stage III or IV). Surgical complications were observed in 12.2% of cervical cancers, 16.3% of uterine corpus cancers, and 11.1% of ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancers, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was 94.1%, 91.0%, and 77.1% for cervical, corporal, and ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancers, respectively.
Conclusion
Surgical treatment was satisfactory in terms of the incidence of complications, and survival outcomes were generally good. Clinicians should be aware of the clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients with gynecological cancers to be able to provide optimal strategies and counseling.

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Concordance between MRI and clinical examination in cervical cancer staging: a retrospective study
Umesh Sharma, Birendra Kumar Yadav, Ujwal Rai, Akash Pradhan, Jyoti Bhaju Lama, Alok Thakur
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Molecular landscape of recurrent cervical cancer
Divya Adiga, Sangavi Eswaran, Deeksha Pandey, Krishna Sharan, Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2021; 157: 103178. CrossRef
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Seyedeh Razieh Hashemi, Mohammad Reza Akbari, Zahra Soleimani
Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 28(1): 42. CrossRef

Case report

Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Incidentally found cystic lymphangioma of the adrenal gland in an elderly male cadaver: Hee Cheol Kim, Yunji Kang, Young Hee Maeng, Jinu Kim, Sang-Pil Yoon; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2019;36(3):265-268. Published online July 16, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2019.00262

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Abstract PDF: Adrenal cystic lymphangiomas are extremely rare entities that are often identified incidentally, with less than 60 cases reported to date. We found a protruding ovoid mass consisting of a multiloculated cystic lesion within right adrenal gland in the cadaver of a 75-year-old Korean man. The epithelial cells lining the adrenal cyst were diffusely positive for cluster of differentiation 31 and podoplanin, and negative for pan-cytokeratin. The histopathological diagnosis confirmed a cystic lymphangioma arising from the adrenal gland. Post-mortem findings of the present case are discussed based on the clinicopathological features of adrenal cystic lymphangiomas.

Case Report

Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
A Case of Molecular Diagnosis of Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency.: Eun Sil Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2):322-328. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2.322

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Abstract PDF

Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is the most common inborn error of urea cycle metabolism; it is inherited in an X-linked manner. The OTC catalyzes the third step of the urea cycle, the conversion of ornithine and carbamyl phosphate to citrulline. Deficiency of OTC leads to the accumulation of ammonia, causing neurological deficits. In most affected hemizygote males, OTC deficiency manifests as hyperammonemic coma that often leads to death in the newborn period, and those who recover from the coma may be neurologically impaired due to the sequelae of the hyperammonemic encephalopathy. In some, late-onset manifestations develop. We report a male neonate with early onset OT deficiency that had apnea and was comatous. On mutation analysis using DNA sequencing after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 10 exons, deletions of 10 bases in codon 285, causing a frame shift was detected in exon 8. The mother and a sister were diagnosed as female carriers. Therefore, genetic counseling and the risk assessment could be provided to the family.

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The First Neonatal Case of Neonatal Argininosuccinic Aciduria in Korea
In Ok Hwang, Eun Sil Lee
Journal of the Korean Society of Neonatology.2011; 18(1): 143. CrossRef

Original Articles

Public Health, Environmental, and Occupational Health
Life Style and Perception of Obesity of Male White Collar Workers.: Ji Hyeon Kim, Joon Sakong; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2):287-295. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2.287

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
This study investigated and analyzed the life style of male white-collar workers and their perception of obesity to determine how to improve eating habits and prevent obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the questionnaires distributed to and collected from 300 male white-collar workers in Daegu, the survey was conducted from December 20, 2005 to February 28, 2006. Two hundred sets of collected questionnaires were used for the analysis, and SPSS WIN 12.0 was employed to analyze the data. RESULTS: Forty-two percent of subjects had weights ranging between 71 kg and 80 kg; 39.5%, weighted between 61 kg and 70 kg. The waist measurements of 64.5% of all respondents were between 32 and 34 inches. The lifestyle questions found that 54% of respondents were smokers and 88.5% drank alcohol. In addition, 62.5% of all respondents reported doing exercise, whereas 37.5% reported no exercise. CONCLUSION: The height and weight of 200 respondents were used to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Only 31.6% had a normal BMI, whereas 32% were found to be overweight, a condition likely to lead to obesity. Meanwhile, 36.5% of respondents were obese or morbidly obese.

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Factors Associated With Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Behavior Among Office Workers Based on an Ecological Model
Jihyon Pahn, Youngran Yang
Sage Open.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Obesity Management Program Provided by Occupational Health Nurse in Worksite
Sohyune R. Sok, Ok Sun Kim, Mi Hee Park
Western Journal of Nursing Research.2019; 41(5): 728. CrossRef
The Effects of Obesity Stress, Weight Bias, and Heath Care on BMI in Soldiers of Non-combat Area
Kyeng Jin Kim, Yeon Kyung Na
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(3): 199. CrossRef
Comparison in Convergence Factors in Stress of Workers in the Field of Railroad Electricity and Vehicles by their working position
Byeong-Rock Jeon, Hyun-Ju Lee
Journal of Digital Convergence.2016; 14(4): 337. CrossRef
The Relationship between Lifestyle and Health Status among White Collar Workers in a Community
Ji-Min Lee, Young-Sook Kwon, Kyung-Shin Paek
Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(8): 411. CrossRef
Diet and Lifestyle Factors Affecting Obesity: A Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey Analysis
Chang-Keun Kwock, Jung-Min Lee, Eun-Mi Kim, Min-A Lee
Preventive Nutrition and Food Science.2011; 16(2): 117. CrossRef

Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine
The Clitoral Size of the Korean Female Newborn.: Suk Yong Won, Min Whan Koh, Tae Hyung Lee, Mi Jung Eun, Jung Sook Kim, Ok Kyung Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2001;18(2):287-292. Published online December 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2001.18.2.287

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
To determine mean clitoral and glans size of Korean female newborn. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The size of glans and clitoris of 68 Korean female newborns born at Yeungnam University Medical Center were measured from May in 1999 to August in 1999. RESULTS: The mean size of the 68 newborns were 2.38+/-1.14 mm in glans length, 2.55+/-1.48 mm in glans width and 4.66+/-1.93 mm in clitoral length. In the premature infants the mean clitoral size was 1.92+/-1.58 mm in glans length, 1.78+/-1.24 mm in glans width and 3.86+/-2.16 mm in clitoral length. In the full term infants 2.53+/-1.12 mm in glans length, 2.75+/-1.58 mm in glans width and 4.94+/-1.89 mm in clitoral length. In low birth weight infants clitoral size was measured 1.55+/-1.10 mm in glans length, 2.04+/-2.03 mm in glans width and 3.29+/-1.87 mm in clitoral length. In normal birth weight infants 2.53+/-1.13 mm in glans length, 2.68+/-1.48 mm in glans width and 4.92+/-1.91 mm in clitoral length. In high birth weight infants 1.54+/-0.50 mm in glans length, 1.63+/-0.53 mm in glans width and 3.18+/-1.04 mm in clitoral length. CONCLUSION: There was no significant correlation between gestational age and clitoral size or glans size, but significant negative correlation was found between birth weight and clitoral size or glans size.

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Reference values for penile and clitoral lengths of healthy term Egyptian newborn infants
Magda Badawy, Lubna A Fawaz, Hend Abd El Baky, Amr Elkhashab, Ahmed A Hussein, Marwa F Mira
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health.2022; 58(1): 157. CrossRef
The role of androgens in clitorophallus development and possible applications to transgender patients
Frances Grimstad, Elizabeth R. Boskey, Amir Taghinia, Carlos R. Estrada, Oren Ganor
Andrology.2021; 9(6): 1719. CrossRef
Country‐based reference values and international comparisons of clitoral size in healthy Nigerian newborn infants
Olumide Olatokunbo Jarrett, Omolola Ouwakemi Ayoola, Björn Jonsson, Kerstin Albertsson‐Wikland, Martin Ritzen
Acta Paediatrica.2015; 104(12): 1286. CrossRef

Review

Psychiatry and Mental Health / Social and Family Medicine
New Spectra in Female Sexology in Korea.: Min Whan Koh; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1999;16(1):10-14. Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1999.16.1.10

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Abstract PDF: The World Association for Sexology (WAS) will adopt a Declaration of Sexual Right as basic and fundamental human lights August this year in Hong Kong. Two years ago WAS has been developing a declaration of Sexual Rights in order to further promote sexual health and protect the sexual rights of everyone. Undoubtedly sexuality is one of the most intriguing subject in the area of human behavior abd psychology, and has been so since antiquity. The influence of sexual factors of human on all aspects of the society has been immense. The varieties of marriage, from traditional to the open marriage model are presented in front of our sight. The influences of women's movement in Korea, which has produced sexual, psychological, economic, political, familial and social changes look so small and the changes are not that much in America. But the profound effects of the woman's movement affect on Korean society being realized as man's view of woman and woman's view of herself undergo constant change and revaluation. With increased sexual awareness on the part of the public owing to mass media, for example AH-U-SEONG aired in TV and with increased emphasis on sexual matters in daily life, more and more physicians are being asked to deal with and manage sex-related problems in thei daily practice. Yet, despite the obvious need for informed sexual counseling, doctors are often uncomfortable about sexual matters and many physicians have no special expertise in this area. So physicians concerned in sexology especially such as gynecologists, urologists, psychiatrists and endocrinologists must realize well about sex-related knowledge which is needed for counseling the patient as medical consumer and gap between reality and ideality in sexual diagnosis and treatment. Establishment of management system for the people who have sexual problems is strongly needed to promote sexual health and protect the sexual rights of everyone and for the Sexual Rights as basic and fundamental human rights.

Case Reports

Dermatology
A case of incontinentia pigmenti developed in a male newborn infant.: Min Jeong Cho, Son Moon Shin, Han Ku Moon; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(2):381-390. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.2.381

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Abstract PDF

Incontinentia pigmenti is characterized by irregular linear blisters with erythematous lesions which are developed from birth or later, verrucous papules on the extremities which are noted after a few weeks or months, and the appearnace of streaks, spots and swirls of hyperpigmentation. This disorder is known as a systemic disorder caused by a defect at the developmental stage of organs originated from ectoderm or mesoderm. We experienced an incontinentia pigmenti in a male newborn infant who did not have any family history and had cutaneous lesions, which were in bullous and verucous stages, ophthalmic problems, and neurologic abnormalities.

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Case of a Male Newborn with Incontinentia Pigmenti Initially Misdiagnosed as a Recurrent Skin Infection
Sang Ho Park, Kyung-Hwa Nam, Yo Han Ho
Neonatal Medicine.2020; 27(3): 141. CrossRef

Urology
2 cases of male urethral diverticulum combined with stone.: Hyun Chul Shin, Young Soo Kim, Tong Choon Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1992;9(2):416-421. Published online December 31, 1992; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1992.9.2.416

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Abstract PDF: Male urethral diverticulum is uncommon lesion, furthermore calculus formation within the male urethral diverticulum is very rare. Generally, urethral diverticula are classified as congenital and acquired. The majority of male urethral diverticula are acquired and approximately 10 to 20 per cent are congenital. Acquired urethral diverticula in the male may arise from many sources, including infection (prostatic abscess, infection of periurethral glands, hematoma or schistosomiasis), obstruction (stricture, impacted stone, Cunningham clamp or condom catheter) and trauma (instrumentation, external injury and pelvic fracture). Calculi formation is more common in the acquired diverticulum owing to stagnation of urine and infection. These calculi in the diverticulum usually are solitary and may attain considerable size with predisposing factors, 1) a ureteral or bladder calculus that is lodged in the urethra 2) urethral trauma or stricture, 3) calcification around a foreign body or hair. The treatment of urethral diverticulum combined with stone is excision of the diverticula with removal of stone. We treated two cases of urethral diverticulum combined with stone in the male, and report with review of literature.

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