1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
Copyright © 2020 Yeungnam University College of Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflicts of interest
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Author contributions
Conceptualization: YJK; Data curation: SYL, EK, HSK; Formal analysis: SYL, YJK; Methodology: YJK; Project administration: DHL; Software: YJK; Supervision: YJK, DHL; Writing-original draft: SYL; Writing-review & editing: YJK.
Clinicopathologic characteristic | Value |
---|---|
Age (yr) | 53.8 (31–86) |
Symptom | |
Vaginal bleeding | 55 (47.8) |
Incidentally detected on routine health screening | 47 (40.9) |
Abdominal pain | 6 (5.2) |
Vaginal discharge | 5 (4.3) |
Othersa) | 2 (1.7) |
Gravidity (no. of times) | 4.0 (0–30) |
Parity (no. of times) | 2.3 (0–9) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.2 (15–34) |
History of non-gynecologic malignancy | 11 (9.6) |
Serum SCC-Ag at diagnosis (ng/mL) | 5.5 (0.2–70) |
Tumor sizeb) (cm) | 3.1 (0.1–21) |
Synchronous primary cervical and endometrial cancers | 1 (0.9) |
Histology type | |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 86 (74.8) |
Adenocarcinoma | 21 (18.3) |
Adenosquamous carcinoma | 2 (1.7) |
Othersc) | 6 (5.2) |
FIGO stage | |
I | 77 (67.0) |
II | 18 (15.7) |
III | 7 (6.1) |
IV | 13 (11.3) |
Initial treatment | |
Surgery alone | 52 (45.2) |
Concurrent chemoradiation | 26 (22.6) |
Surgery+radiotherapy | 11 (9.6) |
Radiotherapy alone | 8 (7.0) |
Surgery+concurrent chemoradiation | 7 (6.1) |
Surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy | 4 (3.5) |
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy+surgery±any adjuvant therapy | 5 (4.3) |
Others | 2 (1.7) |
Surgical mode | |
Abdominal | 35 (30.4) |
Laparoscopic | 31 (27.0) |
Robotic | 4 (3.5) |
Vaginal (wide conization) | 12 (10.4) |
Hysterectomy procedures | |
Extrafascial hysterectomy | 24 (20.9) |
Modified radical hysterectomy | 9 (7.8) |
Radical hysterectomy | 37 (32.2) |
Pelvic lymphadenectomy | 50 (43.5) |
Paraaortic lymphadenectomy | 21 (18.3) |
Surgical complications | 14 (12.2) |
Recurrence or progression | 17 (14.8) |
Death | 7 (6.1) |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean (range).
SCC-Ag, serum squamous cell cancer-antigen; FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.
a)Abdominal distension in one; headache in one case.
b)Maximal diameter of the tumor either on the initial imaging study or on the pathologic finding.
c)Mucinous carcinoma in two; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in one; neuroendocrine carcinoma in one; adenosarcoma in one; mixed carcinoma in one case.
Clinicopathologic characteristic | Value |
---|---|
Age (yr) | 56.9 (29–85) |
Symptom | |
Vaginal bleeding | 66 (76.7) |
Incidentally detected on routine health screening | 9 (10.5) |
Abdominal pain | 4 (4.7) |
Abdominal distension | 4 (4.7) |
Palpable pelvic mass | 3 (3.5) |
Vaginal discharge | 2 (2.3) |
Gravidity (no. of times) | 3.7 (0–21) |
Parity (no. of times) | 2.1 (0–7) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.3 (17.1–38.9) |
History of non-gynecologic malignancy | 13 (15.1) |
Serum CA-125 level at diagnosis (U/mL) | 59.5 (1.1–1,220) |
Tumor sizea) (cm) | 4.1 (0.2–20) |
Synchronous primary endometrial and ovarian cancers | 3 (3.5) |
Histologic type | |
Endometrioid carcinoma | 60 (69.8) |
Serous carcinoma | 6 (7.0) |
Carcinosarcoma | 6 (7.0) |
Leiomyosarcoma | 4 (4.7) |
Endometrial stromal sarcoma | 2 (2.3) |
Othersb) | 8 (9.3) |
Histologic grade in case of endometrioid carcinoma | |
1 | 30 (34.9) |
2 | 24 (27.9) |
3 | 6 (7) |
FIGO stage | |
I | 72 (83.7) |
II | 5 (5.8) |
III | 8 (9.3) |
IV | 1 (1.2) |
Initial treatment | |
Surgery alone | 45 (52.3) |
Surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy | 21 (24.4) |
Surgery+radiotherapy | 16 (18.6) |
Surgery+chemoradiation | 2 (2.3) |
Surgery+hormone therapy | 2 (2.3) |
Surgical mode | |
Abdominal | 45 (52.3) |
Laparoscopic | 36 (41.9) |
Robotic | 4 (4.7) |
Vaginal (dilatation and curettage) | 1 (1.2) |
Pelvic lymphadenectomy | 53 (61.6) |
Paraaortic lymphadenectomy | 36 (41.9) |
Surgical complications | 14 (16.3) |
Recurrence or progression | 16 (18.6) |
Death | 7 (8.1) |
Values are presented as numbers (%) or means (range).
CA-125, cancer antigen-125; FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.
a)Maximal diameter of the tumor either on the initial imaging study or on the pathologic finding.
b)Mixed carcinoma in four; mucinous carcinoma in two; undifferentiated carcinoma in one; Mullerian adenosarcoma in one.
Clinicopathologic characteristic | Value |
---|---|
Age (yr) | 56.3 (13–80) |
Symptom | |
Abdominal pain | 31 (34.4) |
Abdominal distension | 20 (22.2) |
Incidentally detected on routine health screening | 13 (14.4) |
Vaginal bleeding | 11 (12.2) |
Palpable pelvic mass | 9 (10.0) |
Others | 7 (7.8) |
Gravidity (no. of times) | 2.8 (0–8) |
Parity (no. of times) | 1.7 (0–6) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.8 (15.9–30) |
History of non-gynecologic malignancy | 13 (14.4) |
Serum CA-125 level at diagnosis (U/mL) | 727.6 (0.1–7,187.9) |
Tumor sizea) (cm) | 9.6 (0.5–25) |
Primary cancer site | |
Ovary | 79 (87.8) |
Synchronous primary endometrial and ovarian cancers | 3 (3.3) |
Fallopian tube | 3 (3.3) |
Peritoneum | 5 (5.6) |
Histologic type | |
Serous | 48 (53.3) |
Mucinous | 9 (10.0) |
Clear cell | 9 (10.0) |
Endometrioid | 8 (8.9) |
Othersb) | 10 (11.1) |
Unknownc) | 6 (6.7) |
Histologic grade in case of serous carcinoma | |
Low-grade | 2 (2.2) |
High-grade | 45 (50) |
Unknown | 1 (1.1) |
FIGO stage | |
I | 33 (36.7) |
II | 4 (4.4) |
III | 34 (37.8) |
IV | 19 (21.1) |
Initial treatment | |
Surgery alone | 20 (22.2) |
Surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy | 54 (60.0) |
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy+surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy | 9 (10.0) |
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy+surgery | 1 (1.1) |
Palliative chemotherapy | 5 (5.6) |
Supportive care alone | 1 (1.1) |
Surgical mode | |
Abdominal | 67 (74.4) |
Laparoscopic | 16 (17.8) |
Robotic | 1 (1.1) |
Fertility-sparing surgery | |
Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy | 4 (4.4) |
Ovarian cystectomy | 1 (1.1) |
Postoperative residual tumor | |
Grossly none | 52 (57.8) |
Size <2 cm | 9 (10.0) |
Size ≥2 cm | 23 (25.6) |
Pelvic lymphadenectomy | 49 (54.4) |
Paraaortic lymphadenectomy | 43 (47.8) |
Surgical complications | 10 (11.1) |
Recurrence or progression | 34 (37.8) |
Death | 19 (21.1) |
Values are presented as numbers (%) or means (range).
CA-125, cancer antigen-125; FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.
a)Maximal diameter of the tumor either on the initial imaging study or on the pathologic finding.
b)Adenocarcinoma in two; immature teratoma in two; adult granulosa cell tumor in one; transitional cell carcinoma in one; small cell carcinoma in one; undifferentiated carcinoma in one; dysgerminoma in one; poorly differentiated carcinoma in one case.
c)Clinically diagnosed by both ascites cytology and imaging studies.
Clinicopathologic characteristic | Value |
---|---|
Age (yr) | 53.8 (31–86) |
Symptom | |
Vaginal bleeding | 55 (47.8) |
Incidentally detected on routine health screening | 47 (40.9) |
Abdominal pain | 6 (5.2) |
Vaginal discharge | 5 (4.3) |
Others |
2 (1.7) |
Gravidity (no. of times) | 4.0 (0–30) |
Parity (no. of times) | 2.3 (0–9) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.2 (15–34) |
History of non-gynecologic malignancy | 11 (9.6) |
Serum SCC-Ag at diagnosis (ng/mL) | 5.5 (0.2–70) |
Tumor size |
3.1 (0.1–21) |
Synchronous primary cervical and endometrial cancers | 1 (0.9) |
Histology type | |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 86 (74.8) |
Adenocarcinoma | 21 (18.3) |
Adenosquamous carcinoma | 2 (1.7) |
Others |
6 (5.2) |
FIGO stage | |
I | 77 (67.0) |
II | 18 (15.7) |
III | 7 (6.1) |
IV | 13 (11.3) |
Initial treatment | |
Surgery alone | 52 (45.2) |
Concurrent chemoradiation | 26 (22.6) |
Surgery+radiotherapy | 11 (9.6) |
Radiotherapy alone | 8 (7.0) |
Surgery+concurrent chemoradiation | 7 (6.1) |
Surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy | 4 (3.5) |
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy+surgery±any adjuvant therapy | 5 (4.3) |
Others | 2 (1.7) |
Surgical mode | |
Abdominal | 35 (30.4) |
Laparoscopic | 31 (27.0) |
Robotic | 4 (3.5) |
Vaginal (wide conization) | 12 (10.4) |
Hysterectomy procedures | |
Extrafascial hysterectomy | 24 (20.9) |
Modified radical hysterectomy | 9 (7.8) |
Radical hysterectomy | 37 (32.2) |
Pelvic lymphadenectomy | 50 (43.5) |
Paraaortic lymphadenectomy | 21 (18.3) |
Surgical complications | 14 (12.2) |
Recurrence or progression | 17 (14.8) |
Death | 7 (6.1) |
Clinicopathologic characteristic | Value |
---|---|
Age (yr) | 56.9 (29–85) |
Symptom | |
Vaginal bleeding | 66 (76.7) |
Incidentally detected on routine health screening | 9 (10.5) |
Abdominal pain | 4 (4.7) |
Abdominal distension | 4 (4.7) |
Palpable pelvic mass | 3 (3.5) |
Vaginal discharge | 2 (2.3) |
Gravidity (no. of times) | 3.7 (0–21) |
Parity (no. of times) | 2.1 (0–7) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.3 (17.1–38.9) |
History of non-gynecologic malignancy | 13 (15.1) |
Serum CA-125 level at diagnosis (U/mL) | 59.5 (1.1–1,220) |
Tumor size |
4.1 (0.2–20) |
Synchronous primary endometrial and ovarian cancers | 3 (3.5) |
Histologic type | |
Endometrioid carcinoma | 60 (69.8) |
Serous carcinoma | 6 (7.0) |
Carcinosarcoma | 6 (7.0) |
Leiomyosarcoma | 4 (4.7) |
Endometrial stromal sarcoma | 2 (2.3) |
Others |
8 (9.3) |
Histologic grade in case of endometrioid carcinoma | |
1 | 30 (34.9) |
2 | 24 (27.9) |
3 | 6 (7) |
FIGO stage | |
I | 72 (83.7) |
II | 5 (5.8) |
III | 8 (9.3) |
IV | 1 (1.2) |
Initial treatment | |
Surgery alone | 45 (52.3) |
Surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy | 21 (24.4) |
Surgery+radiotherapy | 16 (18.6) |
Surgery+chemoradiation | 2 (2.3) |
Surgery+hormone therapy | 2 (2.3) |
Surgical mode | |
Abdominal | 45 (52.3) |
Laparoscopic | 36 (41.9) |
Robotic | 4 (4.7) |
Vaginal (dilatation and curettage) | 1 (1.2) |
Pelvic lymphadenectomy | 53 (61.6) |
Paraaortic lymphadenectomy | 36 (41.9) |
Surgical complications | 14 (16.3) |
Recurrence or progression | 16 (18.6) |
Death | 7 (8.1) |
Clinicopathologic characteristic | Value |
---|---|
Age (yr) | 56.3 (13–80) |
Symptom | |
Abdominal pain | 31 (34.4) |
Abdominal distension | 20 (22.2) |
Incidentally detected on routine health screening | 13 (14.4) |
Vaginal bleeding | 11 (12.2) |
Palpable pelvic mass | 9 (10.0) |
Others | 7 (7.8) |
Gravidity (no. of times) | 2.8 (0–8) |
Parity (no. of times) | 1.7 (0–6) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.8 (15.9–30) |
History of non-gynecologic malignancy | 13 (14.4) |
Serum CA-125 level at diagnosis (U/mL) | 727.6 (0.1–7,187.9) |
Tumor size |
9.6 (0.5–25) |
Primary cancer site | |
Ovary | 79 (87.8) |
Synchronous primary endometrial and ovarian cancers | 3 (3.3) |
Fallopian tube | 3 (3.3) |
Peritoneum | 5 (5.6) |
Histologic type | |
Serous | 48 (53.3) |
Mucinous | 9 (10.0) |
Clear cell | 9 (10.0) |
Endometrioid | 8 (8.9) |
Others |
10 (11.1) |
Unknown |
6 (6.7) |
Histologic grade in case of serous carcinoma | |
Low-grade | 2 (2.2) |
High-grade | 45 (50) |
Unknown | 1 (1.1) |
FIGO stage | |
I | 33 (36.7) |
II | 4 (4.4) |
III | 34 (37.8) |
IV | 19 (21.1) |
Initial treatment | |
Surgery alone | 20 (22.2) |
Surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy | 54 (60.0) |
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy+surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy | 9 (10.0) |
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy+surgery | 1 (1.1) |
Palliative chemotherapy | 5 (5.6) |
Supportive care alone | 1 (1.1) |
Surgical mode | |
Abdominal | 67 (74.4) |
Laparoscopic | 16 (17.8) |
Robotic | 1 (1.1) |
Fertility-sparing surgery | |
Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy | 4 (4.4) |
Ovarian cystectomy | 1 (1.1) |
Postoperative residual tumor | |
Grossly none | 52 (57.8) |
Size <2 cm | 9 (10.0) |
Size ≥2 cm | 23 (25.6) |
Pelvic lymphadenectomy | 49 (54.4) |
Paraaortic lymphadenectomy | 43 (47.8) |
Surgical complications | 10 (11.1) |
Recurrence or progression | 34 (37.8) |
Death | 19 (21.1) |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean (range). SCC-Ag, serum squamous cell cancer-antigen; FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Abdominal distension in one; headache in one case. Maximal diameter of the tumor either on the initial imaging study or on the pathologic finding. Mucinous carcinoma in two; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in one; neuroendocrine carcinoma in one; adenosarcoma in one; mixed carcinoma in one case.
Values are presented as numbers (%) or means (range). CA-125, cancer antigen-125; FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Maximal diameter of the tumor either on the initial imaging study or on the pathologic finding. Mixed carcinoma in four; mucinous carcinoma in two; undifferentiated carcinoma in one; Mullerian adenosarcoma in one.
Values are presented as numbers (%) or means (range). CA-125, cancer antigen-125; FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Maximal diameter of the tumor either on the initial imaging study or on the pathologic finding. Adenocarcinoma in two; immature teratoma in two; adult granulosa cell tumor in one; transitional cell carcinoma in one; small cell carcinoma in one; undifferentiated carcinoma in one; dysgerminoma in one; poorly differentiated carcinoma in one case. Clinically diagnosed by both ascites cytology and imaging studies.