Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Jae Chun Chang

20 Articles

Radiology, Radiotherapy & Diagnostic Imaging
Dynamic CT Finding of Pelioid HCC; Case Report.: Rak Chae Son, Jae Woon Kim, Jae Chun Chang; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2010;27(2):146-149. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2010.27.2.146

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Abstract PDF: Pelioid hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a type of atypical HCC, is a rare histologic type of HCC. The radiologic findings of the pelioid HCC is differ from the typical type of HCC. To our knowledge, this case report is the second literature to show the enhancing features of a pelioid HCC on dynamic computed tomography (CT). Here we describe the dynamic CT findings in a case of surgically confirmed pelioid HCC.

Radiation Oncology
Imaging Feature of Radiation Induced Lung Disease.: Jae Gyo Lee, Byeung Hak Rho, Jae Chun Chang, Mung Se Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2000;17(2):146-154. Published online December 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2000.17.2.146

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
AND PURPOSE: Radioopaque lesions are commonly seen in patients who received thoracic radiotherapy for various kinds of thoracic neoplasm, But therir exact diagnos are sometimes uncertain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined simple chest radiograph and computed tomogram(CT) of 69 patients who received thoracic radiotherapy for lung cancer and were follow up at least 6 months in Yeungnam University Medical Center. RESULTS: Of the 69 patients. thirty-eight patients showed radioopaque lesions in their chest radiographs except radiation fibrosis; radiation pneumonitis was witnessed in 24 patients. infectious pneumonia in 8 patients, and recurrence in 6 patients. In radiateionpneumonitis patients, the pneumonitis occurred usually between 50 to 130 days after receiving radiation therapy, and interval between pneumonitis and fibrosis is 21 to 104 days. Simple chest radiographs of radiation pneumonitis(24 patients) represented ground glass opacities or consolidation in 4 cases(type I, 17%), reticular of reticulonodular opacities in 10 cases(type II, 42%), irregular patichy consolidations in 2 cases( type III, 8%), and consolidation with fibrosis in 8 cases(type IV, 33%), CT represent ground glass opacities or consolidation in 5 cases(type I, 29%), irregular nodular opacities in 3 cases(type II, 19%), irregular opacity beyond radiation fields in 3 cases(type III, 18%), and consolidation with fibrosis in 6 cased(typeIV, 35%). The CT of four patients who represented type II on simple chest radiographs reveal type I and III, and CT of two patients with clinical symptoms who had no abnormal finding on simple radiograph revealed type I. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, computed tomogram is superior to the simple radiograph when trying to understand the pathologic process of radiation pneumonitis and provide confidence in the diagnosis of radiation induced lung disease.

Urology
Percutaneous Nephrostomy Using 18 Guage Puncture Needle.: Jae Woon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Jae Ho Cho, Jae Chun Chang, Bok Hwan Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):159-163. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.159

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Abstract PDF: Percutaneous nephrostomy was performed using 18 guage pucture needle under ultrasonic guidance in 58 patients, 98 cases with hydronephrosis (bilateral; 15 cases, repeat nephrostomy; 25 cases). The causes of the hydronephrosis were malignancy(33 patients, 65 cases), benign diseases(18 patients, 25 cases), and unknown causes(seven patients, eight cases). Successful nephrostomy was achieved in all cases. Major complication was not found, but seven(7.1%) minor complications, such as gross hematuria(four cases), perirenal urine leakage(two cases), and fever(one cases) were developed. The complication rate in our study was similar to that of other studies using 21 guage puncture needle. In conclusion, we think that the percutaneous nephrostomy using 18 guage puncture needle is a simple, safe, and cost and time effective procedure and it can replace the method using 21 guage puncture needle.

Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Significance of the AFP Level and HBsAg in Differentiation of Hepatic Masses.: Jae Woon Kim, Won Kyu Park, Jae Ho Cho, Jae Chun Chang, Bok Hwan Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1996;13(2):302-307. Published online December 31, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1996.13.2.302

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Abstract PDF: Hepatic masses show different enhancing patterns in N bolus computed tomography: Hepatocellular carcinoma shows high-attenuation in the early enhancing phase and low-attenuation in the late enhancing phase, hemangioma shows peripheral dot-like high-attenuation in the early enhancing phase and central high-attenuation in the late enhancing phase, and metastatic cancer and cholangiocelluar carcinoma show peripheral high-attenuation rim in the early enhancing phase and central portion gradulally high attenuation in the late enhancing phase. but sometimes enhancing patterns of the hepatic masses are confuse. To evaluate the significance of the AFP level and HBsAg in differentiation of the hepatic masses, we retrospectively analyzed AFP level and HBsAg' in 228 pathologically or radiologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinomas, and 137 pathologically nonhepatocellular cacinomas. The results were as follows In hepatocellular carcinoma, AFP level above 20ng/ml was 77.8% and HBsAg positve was 72.6%. In nonhepatocellular carcinoma, AFP level above 20ng/ml was 3.7% and HBsAg positve was 16.1%. We concluded that AFP level and HBsAg are helpful to distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma from nonhepatocellular carcinoma, when IV bolus computed tomogram finding is uncertain.

Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Focal Nodular Hyperplasis in Liver.: Ki Ho Seong, Jae Ho Cho, Jae Chun Chang; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1995;12(2):400-404. Published online December 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1995.12.2.400

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Abstract PDF: Focal nodular hyperplasia is a benign hepatic tumor mainly composed of nodules of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells separated by fibrous septa. In general, it is difficult to differentiate focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular carcinoma on ultrasonography, conventional CT(computerized tomography), and angiography. But IV bolus CT is of particular value in the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia because it can divide enhanced CT into early and late phase and can characterize tumor vascularity and analyze any intratumoral elements. In our case, it was seen as a hypoechoic mass lesion on ultrasonograpl'hy and hyperdense mass lesion on early-phase IV bolus CF and isodense mass, lesion on late-phase IV bolus CT. On angiography, hypertrophy of the feeding artery and tumor staining were well visualized. The patient underwent operation and the mass was pathologically confirmed to a focal nodular hyperplasia. We report the first case of focal nodular hyperplasia on IV bolus CT in Korea.

Surgery
CT findings of Desmoid tumor arising at Abdominai Wall.: Dae Hyoun Cho, Jae Ho Cho, Jae Chun Chang; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1995;12(2):386-392. Published online December 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1995.12.2.386

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Abstract PDF: Desmoid tumor is a type of fibromatosis usually arise in deep musculo-aponeurotic structures, primarily of the trunk and extremities. It is characterized by proliferation of fibroblastic tissue and does not metastasize but may be locally aggressive. Eventhough the surgical margin reveals clean, recurrence often occurs. To analyze the extent of the tumor and homodynamic characteristics exactly, we performed IV bolus CT. Desmoid tumors show peripheral rim enhancement on early phase scan and more strong, central enhancement on late phase IV bolus CT, which reflects abundant fibroblastic components of the tumor. We report two cases of pathologically confirmed desmoid tumor performed IV bolus CT.

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
CT Findings of Bronchogenic Cyst: Hyun Cheol Cho, Yong Woo Lee, Mi Soo Hwang, Kil Ho Cho, Woo Mok Byun, Jae Ho Cho, Jae Chun Chang; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1995;12(2):226-236. Published online December 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1995.12.2.226

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Abstract PDF: We studied to evaluate CT characteristics of bronchogenic cysts. We retrospectively evaluated CT of 11 patients with pathologically proved bronchogenic cyst. Precontrast and postcontrast CT scan was performed in all. We analyzed CT with viewpoints of location, size, attenuation on pre- and postcontrast scan, and calcification. Three of 11 bronchogenic cysts were intrapulmonary in location and eight were located in the mediastinum. Two of 3 intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts were located in the right lower lobe, and the remaining one was left lower lobe. Intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts ranged from 6cm to 12cm in diameter (average, 9.7 cm). On Cr, intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts appeared as thin-wall air cyst, homogenous water attenuation and soft tissue attenuation with air bubble respectively. Mediastinal bronchogenic cysts were located in posterior mediastinum (n=5), superior mediastinum (n=2), middle mediastinum (n=1) respectively. These cysts ranged in size from 3cm to 8cm in diameter (average 5.0 cm). On CT, five showed homogenous water attenuation, two soft tissue attenuation similar to that of muscle, one air-fluid level. Calcification or contrast enhancement was not detected in any cases. On operative findings, all of intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts contained dirty pus-like material and all of mediastinal bronchogenic cysts contained whitish or yellowish mucus material. Bronchogenic cysts showed homogenous water density in many cases, homogenous soft tissue density, air-fluid level and air-filled cyst. The constellation of CT findings may be helpful in the diagnosis and Differentiation of bronchogenic cyst.

Surgery
A Case of Type II Mirizzi Syndrome.: Hong Jin Kim, Joo Hyeong Lee, Myeong Jun Shin, Koing Bo Kwun, Jae Chun Chang, Moon Kwan Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1990;7(2):197-202. Published online December 31, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1990.7.2.197

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Abstract PDF: Mechanical obstruction of the common hepatic duct includes the following causes; choledocholithiasis, sclerosis, cholangitis, pancreatic carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, postoperative stricture, primary hepatic duct carcinoma, enlarged cystic duct lymph nodes, and metastatic nodal involvement of the porta hepatis. Partial mechanical obstruction of the common hepatic duct caused by impaction of stones and inflammation surrounding the vicinity of the neck of the gallbladder had been reported on the “syndrome del conducto hepatico” in 1948 by Mirizzi. Nowadays, this disease was named by Mirizzi syndrome. Mrizzi syndrome is a rare entity of common hepatic duct obstruction that results from an inflammatory response secondary to a gallstone impacted in the cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder. It results from an almost parallel course and low insertion of the cystic duct into the common hepatic duct. In a variant of Mirizzi's syndrome, the cause of the common hepatic duct obstruction was a primary cystic duct carcinoma rather than gallstone disease. A 71-year-old man was admitted with a four-day history of right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Past medical history was unremarkable. On physical examination, the patient had a temperature of 38℃, icteric sclera and right upper quadrant tenderness. Pertinent laboratory findings included WBC 18,000/cm3; albumin 2.6 g/dl (normal 0-1) with the direct bilirubin, 4.4 mg/dl (normal 0-0.4). Ultrasonography revealed a dilated extrahepatic biliary tree. ERCP showed that the superior margin was angular and more consistent with a calculus causing partial CHD obstruction (Mirizzi syndrome). At surgery a diseased gallbladder containing calculi was found. In addition, there was two calculi partially eroding through the proximal portion of the cystic duct and compressing the common hepatic duct. A cholecystectomy and excision of common bile duct was performed, with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Surgery
A Human Case of Hepatic Resection for Liver Fascioliasis in Korea.: Hong Jin Kim, Sung Kyun Roh, Min Chul Shim, Koing Bo Kwun, Heun Ju Lee, Jae Chun Chang, Tae Sook Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1990;7(1):165-171. Published online June 30, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1990.7.1.165

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Abstract PDF

Human Fasciola hepatica infection is a rare entity involving infestation of the liver and biliary tree with adult flukes, which can result in hepatitis, cirrhos is and biliary tract inflammation, obstruction and lithiasis. The patient had the typical diagnostic tetrad of fever, eosinophilic leukocytosis, tender hepatomegaly and fluke ova in the stools. Treatment consists of Emetine hydrochloride hydrochloride administration for hepatic involvement and common bile duct exploration for removal of flukes, with cholecystectomy for associated cholelithiasis. The combination of medical and surgical therapy can be expected to produce an arrest of this infection. The removed liver revealed eggs of the fasciola species in the intrahepatic bile duct. The clinical history, pathological findings and treatment of this case were described.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Subcutaneous fascioliasis: a case report
E C Chang, H L Choi, Y W Park, Y Kong, S Y Cho
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1991; 29(4): 403. CrossRef

Radiology, Radiotherapy & Diagnostic Imaging
Treatment of Traumatic Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas using Debrun's Detachable Balloons.: Sang Jin Lee, Son Yong Kim, Mi Soo Hwang, Jae Chun Chang, Bok Hwan Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1989;6(2):91-101. Published online December 31, 1989; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1989.6.2.91

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Abstract PDF: The goal of therapy in patients with traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas is to occlude the fistula preferably while maintaining the carotid blood flow. Since the introduction of the concepts of detachable balloon technique to occlude arteriovenous fistulas, the technique has become the treatment of choice in the management of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas. The major symptoms of traumatic CCFs are (1) pulsating exophthalmos, (2) orbital and cephalic bruit and murmur, (3) headache, (4) chemosis, (5) extraocular palsies, and (6) visual failure. Traumatic CCFs are combined with multiple associated lesion. We tried the occlusion of fistulas using Goldvalve balloons in 8 consecutive cases of traumatic CCF and the result of our experience is reported. Transarterial approach with manually-tied latex balloons is tried in all cases and the fistulas was successfully occluded in all cases. In 5 cases, the internal carotid artery was preserved and the arterial lumen was occluded along with fistula opening in cases. In one case, surgical ligation was done because of symptoms recurred and incomplete occlusion of fistula. We experienced hemiparesis as a major complication in one case during occlusion tolerance test, which was remitted spontaneously. The results of Debrun balloon treatment were relatively excellent. We consider that the first choice of treatment of traumatic CCF is occlusion of the fistula by a detachable balloons.

Radiology, Radiotherapy & Diagnostic Imaging
CT findings of the Mediastinal tumors.: Ho Son Chung, Sang Jin Lee, Mi Young Son, Hyuk Po Kwon, Mi Soo Hwang, Son Yong Kim, Jae Chun Chang, Bok Hwan Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1989;6(2):79-90. Published online December 31, 1989; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1989.6.2.79

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Abstract PDF: Computerized Tomography is now well established and important noninvasive method of diagnosting mediastinal mass lesions because of its superior imaging of their size, location and internal composition. Authors analyzed and present CT findings of 30 surgically proven mediastinal tumors and cysts that were studied and treated at the Yeungnam University Hospital during recent 6 years. The most common tumor was thymoma (9 cases), and teratoma (6 cases), lymphoma (6 cases), bronchogenic cyst (4 cases), neurogenic tumor (4 cases), pericardial cyst (1 case) were next in order of frequency. There were 5 cases of thymoma showing homogenous solid density mass, 2 cases were malignant thymoma and myasthenia gravis was present in 2 cases. A case of thymolipoma and a case of thymic carcinoma were included. All teratomas were cystic masses but pathognomonic fat, and calcified density were seen only in 4 cases. 5 cases were located in anterior mediastinum and 1 case was in posterior mediastinum. Lymphoma (3 Hodgkin's and 3 non-Hodgkin's) appeared as irregular lobulated mass in anterior mediastinum. Neurogenic tumor (2 ganglioneuroma and 2 neurilemmoma) appeared as homogenous density mass located in posterior mediastinum. Among the 4 bronchogenic cysts, 2 were located in retrotracheal area, 1 was located in subcarinal and 1 was in parathoracic area. One case of pericardial cyst was oval shaped cystic mass located in left pericardiac border.

Radiology, Radiotherapy & Diagnostic Imaging
Antibacterial Activity of Ceftizoxime Against Gram Negative Enteric Bacteria in vitro and in vivo.: Woo Mok Byun, Jae Chun Chang, Bok Hwan Park, Hee Sun Kim, Sung Kwang Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1989;6(1):59-68. Published online June 30, 1989; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1989.6.1.59

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Abstract PDF: Ceftizoxime sodium is a new synthetic β-lactam antibiotic combining potent antibacterial activity with high stability to a wide range of bacterial β-lactamase. This experiment was achieved to evaluate the antibacterial activities of ceftizoxime sodium against. Gram negative enteric bacteria isolated from in outpatient visiting Yeungnam university hospital and to study the emergence of drug induced bacterial variants which resist to ceftizoxime in vitro. The antibacterial activity of the ceftizoxime was compared with that of antibiotics and its effect on population of normal intestinal flora in mice was observed. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Highly effective antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime against Gram negative enteric bacilli was demonstrated and this antibacterial activity was superior to that of ampicillin. 2. Several test strains shows multiple antibiotic resistance. Among 15 strains of Escherichia coli, 1 strain was resistant to ampicillin, cefadroxil, gentamicin, tetracycline, and 2 strains were resistant to ampicillin, cefadroxil, tetracycline, five strains of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae was resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and Shigella dysenteriae was resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline. 3. The frequency of in vitro emergence of resistant variants among ceftizoxime sensitive bacteria in the presence of increasing concentrations of the compound was found to be low. 4. Plasmid was isolated in 6 of 9 strains (6 strains of Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Enterobacter cloacae and Salmonella typhi). That showed different antibiotic resistance. They were 5 strains of Escherichia coli and 1 strain of Shigella dysenteriae. However, plasmid could not be considered as a hallmark for antibiotic resistance by this Further studies with curing experiment are to be accomplished for this purpose. 5. Changes in the bacterial count of normal intestinal flora following 25 mg/kg/day administration of ceftizoxime over 5 consecutive days were not significant. In conclusion, ceftizoxime appeared to be a drug of choice in the treatment of Gram negative enteric bacilli infection.

Radiology, Radiotherapy & Diagnostic Imaging
Radiologic Evaluation of Intraabdomenal Masses in Childhood.: Hyuk Po Kwon, Woo Mok Byun, Mi Soo Hwang, Son Yong Kim, Jae Chun Chang, Bok Hwan Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1988;5(1):33-42. Published online June 30, 1988; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1988.5.1.33

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Abstract PDF: The abdominal tumors in children are different from those of adult. These tumors are the third most common one, preceded by leukemia and brain tumors, in children under 15 years. X-ray examination is the most important method among diagnostic approaches. The role of diagnostic imaging is to identify the precise anatomic location and extent of pathologic process with the minimal number of imaging procedures. 23 cases of abdominal tumors were reviewed in respect of age incidence, site of origin, radiologic findings. The results are briefly summarized as follows: 1. Neuroblastoma was the most common (6 cases) and wilm's tumor (5 cases), choledocal cyst (4 cases), ovarian mass (3 cases), hydronephrosis (2 cases), were descending order in frequency. 2. The most common site was retroperitoneum (60%) Kidney was the single most common site of origin. 3. Radiologic findings. The most common findings of plain radiography was ill defined soft tissue mass and this method was helpful in the presence of calcification especially in neuroblastoma. Ultrasonographic pattern was anechoic (cystic), echoic or mixed pattern, but this method provide less precise anatomical details, nevertheless Ultrasonography was particularly useful imaging modality for the pediatric abdominal tumors. IVP findings were renal displacement, caliceopelvic system distortion or nonvisualization of kidney, these information was helpful in determining the location of tumors. CT scan showed homogenous or inhomogeneous, cystic or solid, mass with their anatomic location. 4. Ultrasonography was the most widely used specific diagnostic method, but had limited value in detecting the anatomic location of tumors. CT scan was superior to ultrasound for determining the extent of tumors.

Radiology, Radiotherapy & Diagnostic Imaging
A case of Renal Vein Thorombosis Associated with Nephrotic Syndrome.: Kyung Hwa Jung, Woo Mok Byun, Jae Chun Chang; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1987;4(2):179-184. Published online December 31, 1987; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1987.4.2.179

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Abstract PDF: Renal vein thrombosis is usually a complication of multiple underlying renal disease rather than primary process. High incidence of renal vein thrombosis in patients with nephritic syndrome, which suggest the nephrotic syndrome play a paramount role in the genesis of renal vein thrombosis or thromboembolic phenomena. But these are likely to relationship of “egg and chicken”, and then we cannot determine what is primary of these. Recently authors experienced a case that was questioned renal vein thrombosis with nephrotic-syndrome clinically, laboratory and preliminary radiologically, and this case in confirmed by selective left renal venography. Here we report a case of renal vein thrombosis with nephrotic syndrome which successfully managed with oral anticoagulants and reviewed literatures.

Radiology, Radiotherapy & Diagnostic Imaging
Radiologic Analysis of Congenital Origin Intestinal Obstruction in Neonate and Childhood.: Mi Soo Hwang, Woo Mok Byun, Son Yong Kim, Jae Chun Chang; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1987;4(1):33-42. Published online August 31, 1987; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1987.4.1.33

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Abstract PDF: Congenital origin intestinal obstruction are important disease due to required emergency operation. So accurate and rapid diagnosis needed for decreased mortality and morbidity. Radiologic must defect to accurate obstruction site and also associated other congenital anomalies. And also embryological basis are very important role to the diagnosis of these diseases. We were analyzed radiologically and clinically 25 cases with congenital origin intestinal obstruction with review of literature. 1. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 6 cases, midgut malrotation 4 cases, congenital megacolon 8 cases, imperforated anus 5 cases, ileal atresia 1 case and duodenal atresia 1 case. 2. Male and female radio was 16:9. Especially on hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, 5 cases were male infants. 3. All cases of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis represented string sign and also pyloric beak sign, shoulder sign on UGI. 4. 1 case duodenal atresia showed double bubble sign on simple abdomen x-ray and ileal atresia showed mechanical small bowel obstruction sign with microcolon. 5. On midgut malrotaton, cecum was located in right upper abdomen on 4 cases. And 2 cases were associated with Ladd's band, 1 case with volvulus and 1 case with mesenteric defect. 6. Involved site of all congenital megacolon were localized to rectosigmoid colon. 7. On 5 cases imperforated anus, 3 cases were low type and 2 case high type. Rectoperitoneal and rectourogenital fistula were demonstrated on 4 cases.

Radiology, Radiotherapy & Diagnostic Imaging
Characteristics of Magnetic Resonance(M.R.) and Comprehension of its Imaging Mechanism.: Jae Chun Chang, Mi Soo Hwang, Son Yong Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1987;4(1):1-15. Published online August 31, 1987; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1987.4.1.1

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Abstract PDF: Magnetic resonance (MR) is rapidly emerging technique that provides high quality images and potentially provides much more diagnostic information than do conventional imaging modalities. MRI is conceptually quite different from currently used imaging methods. The complex nature of MRI allows a great deal of flexibility in image production and available information, and key points are as follows. 1. MR offers a non-invasive technique with which to generate in vivo human images without ionizing radiation and with no known adverse biological effects. 2. Imaging mechanism of MRI is quite different from conventional imaging modality and for more accurate diagnostic application, It is necessary for physician to understand imaging mechanism of MRI 3. M.R. makes available basic chemical parameters that may provide to be useful for diagnostic medical imaging and more specific pathophysiologic information which are not available by alternate techniques. 4. M.R. can be produced by number of different methods. This flexibility allows the imaging technique to be applicated for particular clinical purpose. Multiplanar and three dimensional imaging may extend the imaging process beyond the single section available with current CT. 5. Future directions include efforts to; a. Further development of hard ware b. More fastening scan time c. Respiratory and cardiac gated imaging d. Imaging of additional nuclei except hydrogen. e. Further development of contrast media f. MR in vivo spectroscopy g. Real time MR imaging

Radiology, Radiotherapy & Diagnostic Imaging
Ultrasonographic Features of Intra-abdominal Abscess.: Kil Ho Cho, Kyung Hee Jung, Mi Soo Hwang, Jae Chun Chang, Koing Bo Kwun, Hyun Sik Min; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1985;2(1):87-93. Published online December 31, 1985; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1985.2.1.87

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Abstract PDF: Intraabdominal abscess usually causes distress with fever, leukocytosis, pain and toxicity. Diagnosis of intraabdominal abscess is occasionally difficult and it has high morbidity. However radiologic method, such as ultrasonography, CT scan, or RI scan are helpful to early detection of intraabdominal abscess. Among these methods, ultrasonography is a noninvasive technique and performed without discomfort to patient. And also differential diagnosis between cystic and solid lesion is very easy and sequential ultrasonography in same patient is valuable for the evaluation of treatment effect. We analyzed the ultrasonic features of 48 cases with intraabdominal abscesses and the results are as follows; 1. In total 48 cases, the intraabdominal abscesses were 30 cases, the retroperitoneal abscesses, 5 cases, and the visceral abscesses, 13 cases. 2. The causes of the intraabdominal abscesses were perforating appendicitis (25 cases), postoperative complications (5 cases), pyogenic and amebic hepatic abscesses (13 cases), and the other (5 cases). 3. Round or oval shaped lesions were 26 cases (54%), irregular shape, 18 cases (38%), and multiple abscess formation in 4 cases (8%). 4. The size of the lesions were between 5 and 10cm in diameter in 54% of total 48 cases, and the most frequent feature of the echo pattern of the lesions was cystic with or without internal echogenicity (69%).

Gastroenterology and Hepatology
A Case of Hepatic Hemangioma.: Si Hwan Kim, Young Hyun Lee, Heon Ju Lee, Moon Kwan Chung, Soo Bong Choi, Chong Suhl Kim, Koing Bo Kwun, Mi Soo Hwang, Jae Chun Chang, Tae Sook Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1984;1(1):161-169. Published online December 31, 1984; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1984.1.1.161

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Abstract PDF: Hepatic hemangioma is a benign neoplastic disease of the liver and characterized by high vascularity and accompanied with bleeding episode. We report a case of giant hepatic cavernous hemangioma and review the literature briefly. A 44-year old female patient was admitted because of palpable abdominal mass, which growing for 15 years. She was diagnosed as hepatic hemangioma by abdominal CT scan and selective celiac angiography. She was performed the left lateral segmentectomy of liver and the pathological report was cavernous hemangioma of the liver.

Radiology, Radiotherapy & Diagnostic Imaging
Takayasu's Arteritis: report of 2 cases and review of literature.: Mi Soo Hwang, Jae Chun Chang, Bong Sup Shim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1984;1(1):145-151. Published online December 31, 1984; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1984.1.1.145

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Abstract PDF: Takayasu's arteritis is an arteritis of undetermined etiology, which affects the aorta, proximal portion of its major branches, and causes narrowing, occlusion, or aneurismal dilatation of vessel. Authors report 2 cases of Takayasu's arteritis with brief review of the literature.

Radiology, Radiotherapy & Diagnostic Imaging
Foregut Cyst Communicated with Esophagus, Lined by Bronchial Mucosa.: Jae Chun Chang, Kil Ho Jho, Mi Soo Hwang; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1984;1(1):139-144. Published online December 31, 1984; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1984.1.1.139

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Abstract PDF: A case of foregut cyst communicated with esophagus and lined by bronchial mucosa is reviewed and its embryologic base of maldevelopment it discussed. It is not always easy to distinguish between digestive and respiratory cyst in mediastinum. There is whole range of intermediate between a cyst with ciliated and one with squamous or columnar mucosa. Origin of this dysembryoplasia is difficult to determine when on consider that the esophagus is covered with ciliated epithelium until the eleventh week of fetal life and that ciliated growth are found on its wall until the sixth month of the fetal life. And we concluded, general agreement is that cysts which have gastric epithelium in whole or in part, represent a distinct type and should be classified as (gastro) enteric cyst, mediastinal cyst containing cartilage were considered definitely as respiratory (bronchial or bronchogenic) cyst.

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