Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint is a common disease characterized by pain at the insertional area of the deltoid muscle and decreased range of motion. The pathophysiological process involves fibrous inflammation of the capsule and intraarticular adhesion of synovial folds leading to capsular thickening and contracture. Regarding the multidirectional limitation of motion, a limitation in external rotation is especially prominent, which is related to not only global fibrosis but also to a localized tightness of the anterior capsule. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging studies can be applied to rule out other structural lesions in the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis. Hydraulic distension of the shoulder joint capsule provides pain relief and an immediate improvement in range of motion by directly expanding the capsule along with the infusion of steroids. However, the optimal technique for hydraulic distension is still a matter of controversy, with regards to the infusion volume and rupture of the capsule. By monitoring the real-time pressure-volume profile during hydraulic distension, the largest possible fluid volume can be infused without rupturing the capsule. The improvement in clinical outcomes is shown to be greater in capsule-preserved hydraulic distension than in capsule-ruptured distension. Moreover, repeated distension is possible, which provides additional clinical improvement. Capsule-preserved hydraulic distension with maximal volume is suggested to be an efficacious treatment option for persistent adhesive capsulitis.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Letter to the editor: “Comparative efficacy of supra-scapular nerve block, posterior shoulder capsule hydro-dilatation, and shoulder interval hydro-dilatation in managing shoulder adhesive capsulitis’’ Gülşah Çelik Clinical Rheumatology.2026; 45(1): 605. CrossRef
A prospective, randomized, blinded study on the efficacy of using corticosteroids in hydrodilatation as a treatment for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder Joan Tomàs Gebellí-Jové, Antonio Buñuel-Viñau, Marta Canela-Capdevila, Jordi Camps, Fàtima Sabench, Petrea Iftimie-Iftimie Shoulder & Elbow.2025; 17(3): 274. CrossRef
Comparing the Efficacy of Intra-articular Platelet-rich Plasma and Corticosteroid Injections in the Management of Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder Suriya Kulothungan Karikalan, Karthik Murugan, Lionel John J Journal of Orthopedics and Joint Surgery.2025; 7(1): 104. CrossRef
Short-Term Comparative Effectiveness of Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection Versus Hydrostatic Distention in Idiopathic Frozen Shoulder: A Prospective Interventional Study Muhammad Anas Ghazi, Slah Ud Din, Zunair Aqeel, Zia Ullah, Tauseef Raza, Kashif Anwar, Mohammed Qasim Rauf, Franklin E Ehizojie, Aimal K Sattar, Hafiz Ali Raza Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Hydrodilatation at Different Volumes on Adhesive Capsulitis in Phases 1 and 2: Clinical Trial Protocol HYCAFVOL Javier Muñoz-Paz, Ana Belén Jiménez-Jiménez, Francisco Espinosa-Rueda, Amin Wahab-Albañil, María Nieves Muñoz-Alcaraz, José Peña-Amaro, Fernando Jesús Mayordomo-Riera Clinics and Practice.2025; 15(8): 141. CrossRef
Non-surgical Management of Post-traumatic Elbow Stiffness Following a Distal Humerus Fracture: A Case Report Rohit Gulati, Jyotsna Agarwal, Parveen Kaur Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effectiveness of Hydrodilatation for Adhesive Capsulitis in Patients With Pre-existing Rotator Cuff Tears Aishwarya Prakash, Hussain Selmi, Shiva Namdeo, Tressa Amirthanayagam, Daoud Makki Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Current concepts on the intervention for adhesive capsulitis Abeer Alomari, Philip Peng Exploration of Musculoskeletal Diseases.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Intraosseous Bone Marrow Concentrate for Hip Osteoarthritis: A Case Series Rebecca L Cox, Jasper Tseng, Chris Williams Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A Retrospective Study of Ultrasound-guided Hydrodilatation of Glenohumeral Joint Combined with Corticosteroid Injection in Patients with Frozen Shoulder Zeng Zeng, Jiang Zhu Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Rotator Interval vs Posterior Approach Ultrasound-guided Corticosteroid Injections in Primary Frozen Shoulder: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Francisco Javier Arrambide-Garza, Juventino Tadeo Guerrero-Zertuche, Neri Alejandro Alvarez-Villalobos, Alejandro Quiroga-Garza, Abraham Espinosa-Uribe, Felix Vilchez-Cavazos, Yolanda Salinas-Alvarez, Juan Antonio Rivera-Perez, Rodrigo Enrique Elizondo-Om Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2024; 105(4): 760. CrossRef
Pharmacoacupuncture for the Treatment of Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Ji-Ho Lee, Hyeon-Sun Park, Sang-Hyeon Park, Yun-Kyung Song, Dong-Ho Keum, Seo-Hyun Park Current Pain and Headache Reports.2024; 28(12): 1365. CrossRef
Frozen Shoulder: Diagnosis and Management Sean R. Wise, Paul Seales, Alex P. Houser, Chase B. Weber Current Sports Medicine Reports.2023; 22(9): 307. CrossRef
Ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation of glenohumeral joint combined with acupotomy for treatment of frozen shoulder Huajun Xu, Yingchun Zhang, Caishan Wang Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation.2022; 35(5): 1153. CrossRef
Impact of capsular preservation on patient-reported outcomes and complication rates in total hip arthroplasty using the direct anterior approach Vincent A. Stadelmann, Hannes A. Rüdiger, Selina Nauer, Michael Leunig The Bone & Joint Journal.2022; 104-B(7): 826. CrossRef
Management of Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis via Ultrasound-Guided Hydrodilatation without Concomitant Intra-Articular Lidocaine Infusion: A Single-Center Experience Yung-Chieh Chen, Shu-Huei Shen, Hong-Jen Chiou, Yung-Liang Wan Life.2022; 12(9): 1293. CrossRef
Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Prospective Cohort Study Syed Imran Haider, Muhammad Zarak Awais, Muhammad Tahir Iqbal Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Musculoskeletal complications in patients with diabetes mellitus Jong Han Choi, Hae-Rim Kim, Kee-Ho Song The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(6): 1099. CrossRef
Comparison of the spread pattern of medial-to-lateral and lateral-to-medial rotator interval injections: A cadaveric study Benjamin J. Kozlowski, John Tran, Philip W.H. Peng, Anne M.R. Agur, Nimish Mittal Interventional Pain Medicine.2022; 1(4): 100164. CrossRef
Updates on Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis Ju Heon Oh, In Ho Jung, Eun Woo Park, Jang Hyuk Cho Keimyung Medical Journal.2022; 41(2): 51. CrossRef