Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Jong Geol Jang

4 Articles

Diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: Jong Geol Jang, Jin Hong Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2020;37(4):277-285. Published online September 4, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00626

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Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major health problem worldwide. Especially, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), which is defined as TB that shows resistance to both isoniazid and rifampicin, is a barrier in the treatment of TB. Globally, approximately 3.4% of new TB patients and 20% of the patients with a history of previous treatment for TB were diagnosed with MDR-TB. The treatment of MDR-TB requires medications for a long duration (up to 20–24 months) with less effective and toxic second-line drugs and has unfavorable outcomes. However, treatment outcomes are expected to improve due to the introduction of a new agent (bedaquiline), repurposed drugs (linezolid, clofazimine, and cycloserine), and technological advancement in rapid drug sensitivity testing. The World Health Organization (WHO) released a rapid communication in 2018, followed by consolidated guidelines for the treatment of MDR-TB in 2019 based on clinical trials and an individual patient data meta-analysis. In these guidelines, the WHO suggested reclassification of second-line anti-TB drugs and recommended oral treatment regimens that included the new and repurposed agents. The aims of this article are to review the treatment strategies of MDR-TB based on the 2019 WHO guidelines regarding the management of MDR-TB and the diagnostic techniques for detecting resistance, including phenotypic and molecular drug sensitivity tests.

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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing pheochromocytoma presented as Cushing syndrome and complicated by invasive aspergillosis.: Jae Ho Cho, Da Eun Jeong, Jae Young Lee, Jong Geol Jang, Jun Sung Moon, Mi Jin Kim, Ji Sung Yoon, Kyu Chang Won, Hyoung Woo Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2015;32(2):132-137. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2015.32.2.132

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Abstract PDF

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing pheochromocytoma has been rarely reported, whereas only a few cases of Cushing syndrome accompanied by opportunistic infections have been reported. We experienced a patient with pheochromocytoma with ectopic Cushing syndrome complicated by invasive aspergillosis. A 35-year-old woman presented with typical Cushingoid features. Her basal plasma cortisol, ACTH, and 24-hour urine free cortisol levels were significantly high, and 24-hour urine metanephrine and catecholamine levels were slightly elevated. The endogeneous cortisol secretion was not suppressed by either low- or high-dose dexamethasone. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a heterogeneous enhancing mass measuring approximately 2.5 cm in size in the left adrenal gland. No definitive mass lesion was observed on sellar magnetic resonance imaging. On fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT, a hypermetabolic nodule was observed in the left upper lung. Thus, we performed a percutaneous needle biopsy, which revealed inflammation, not malignancy. Thereafter, we performed a laparoscopic left adrenalectomy, and its pathologic finding was a pheochromocytoma with positive immunohistostaining for ACTH. After surgery, the biochemistry was normalized, but the clinical course was fatal despite intensive care because of the invasive aspergillosis that included the lungs, retina, and central nervous system.

Citations

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Ectopic ACTH- and/or CRH-Producing Pheochromocytomas
Patrick F Elliott, Thomas Berhane, Oskar Ragnarsson, Henrik Falhammar
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2021; 106(2): 598. CrossRef
Ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone syndrome (EAS) with phaeochromocytoma: a challenging endocrine case with a happy ending
Sharifah Faradila Wan Muhamad Hatta, Leoni Lekkakou, Ananth Viswananth, Harit Buch
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Severe Cushing Syndrome Due to an ACTH-Producing Pheochromocytoma: A Case Presentation and Review of the Literature
Jenan N Gabi, Maali M Milhem, Yara E Tovar, Emhemmid S Karem, Alaa Y Gabi, Rodhan A Khthir
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An overlap syndrome of Churg-Strauss syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis.: Seung Il Bae, Jong Geol Jang, Hun Tae Kim, Hee Yun Ahn, Min Jung Kim, Hyun Je Kim, Choong Ki Lee, Young Hoon Hong; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2015;32(2):127-131. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2015.32.2.127

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Abstract PDF: Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a necrotizing vasculitis with extra-, peri-vascular eosinophilic infiltration. Chronic symmetric polyarthritis with the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody are the mainstay of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis. Mononeuritis multiplex is a peripheral neuropathy involving more than 2 separate nerve areas. A 62-year-old male patient was referred for left foot drop and polyarthritis of both hands and feet for 4 months. During evaluation, mononeuritis multiplex was detected on nerve conduction study and electromyography tests: vasculitis with neutrophil, eosinophil, and lymphocyte infiltration on peroneal nerve biopsy. A positive response to methacholin and bronchodilator was observed on the pulmonary function test. Radiologic tests showed peri-articular soft tissue swelling and osteopenia on both hand and foot. Marked peripheral eosinophilia, high RF, and positive perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody were detected on blood tests. Here, we report on a patient with overlap syndrome of CSS and RA with review of the relevant literature, from which a few references to overlap syndrome of CSS and RA were available.

Severe hyponatremia and seizures after bowel preparation with low-volume polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid solution.: Jae Young Lee, Byung Ik Jang, Yoon Jeong Nam, Jay Song, Min Cheol Kim, Seung Min Chung, Jong Geol Jang, Jae Ho Cho; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2015;32(1):55-59. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2015.32.1.55

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Abstract PDF: The widely used polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based solutions have been proven effective for bowel preparation when 4 L of the solution is administered before colonoscopy. However, large volumes of the solutions are generally poorly tolerated. A new PEG-based solution consisting of 2 L of PEG and a high dose of ascorbic acid has recently become available. Electrolyte abnormalities caused by PEG-based solutions have rarely been reported. We report on a case of acute severe hyponatremia with associated generalized tonic-clonic seizures after bowel preparation with a low-volume PEG plus ascorbic acid solution in a 74-year-old woman with no history of seizures. She took a beta blocker, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and glimepiride for hypertension and diabetes mellitus. She showed general weakness, nausea, agitation, muscle cramping, and seizures after ingestion of the PEG plus ascorbic acid solution. Her serum sodium level was 112 mEq/L. Her symptoms improved after intravenous administration of hypertonic saline. Physicians should pay attention to screening for electrolytes and development of neurological symptoms during bowel preparation.

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