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Original article Galectin-3 as a possible link between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study
Sri Vidhya Marimuthu1orcid, Devi Arul1orcid, Muthukumar Santhanakrishnan1orcid, Ramprasad Elumalai2orcid, Sandhya Suresh2orcid, Sathya Selvarajan3orcid, Ravindranath Dhulipalla4orcid, Ramanarayana Boyapati4orcid
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science 2025;42:22.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.22 [Epub ahead of print]
Published online: January 20, 2025

1Department of Periodontology, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India

2Department of Nephrology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India

3Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India

4Department of Periodontology, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, India

Corresponding author:  Devi Arul,
Email: devi@sriramachandra.edu.in
Muthukumar Santhanakrishnan,
Email: muthukumars@sriramachandra.edu.in
Received: 21 November 2024   • Revised: 6 January 2025   • Accepted: 9 January 2025
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Background
Chronic periodontitis is associated with various systemic inflammatory diseases; however, research on its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is relatively limited. Because both conditions share common risk factors, systemic inflammation plays a key role in the progression of these diseases. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases and is a potential biomarker. This study aimed to measure salivary Gal-3 levels in patients with periodontitis and CKD to better understand their association and evaluate Gal-3 as a diagnostic biomarker for these conditions.
Methods
Seventy-five patients were categorized into three groups: Group I, patients with CKD and periodontitis (n=25); Group II, patients with chronic periodontitis who were systemically healthy (n=25); and Group III, patients with CKD without chronic periodontitis (n=25). Demographic characteristics and periodontal and renal parameters were recorded for each patient. Saliva samples were collected to evaluate Gal-3 levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
Patients with chronic periodontitis and CKD and those with chronic periodontitis alone (Groups I and II, respectively) showed significantly higher salivary Gal-3 levels than patients with CKD alone (Group III) (p<0.001). Bivariate correlation analysis indicated a strong relationship between clinical parameters and Gal-3 levels across all three groups.
Conclusion
Salivary Gal-3 level is a valuable early diagnostic marker of chronic periodontitis and CKD.


JYMS : Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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