Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
Copyright © 2020 Yeungnam University College of Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article are reported.
Funding
This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Science and ICT) (2017R1C1B5077075).
Author contributions
Conceptualization: SHK, JYD; Data curation, formal analysis, and funding acquisition: SHK; Investigation, methodology, software and supervision: JYD; Writing–original draft: SHK; Writing–review & editing: JYD.
Variable | Phase I | Phase II | p-valuea) |
---|---|---|---|
No. of patients | 260 | 300 | - |
Underlying disease of ESRD (DM) | 123 (47.3) | 144 (48.0) | 0.870 |
No. of catheterizations | 364 | 367 | - |
Age (yr) | 64.0±15.5 | 63.8±14.3 | 0.837 |
Male sex | 143 (55.0) | 177 (59.0) | 0.340 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.6±1.8 | 9.8±1.9 | 0.216 |
Platelet (K/mm3) | 206±131 | 198±126 | 0.473 |
Calcium (mg/dL) | 7.7±1.2 | 7.5±1.0 | 0.297 |
Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 5.1±2.3 | 5.3±1.9 | 0.453 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 215±817 | 200±496 | 0.829 |
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 102±317 | 103±252 | 0.987 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 69.7±39.0 | 65.0±39.6 | 0.186 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 6.0±3.8 | 5.8±3.8 | 0.589 |
Sodium (mEq/L) | 135.2±6.4 | 136.9±6.7 | 0.002 |
Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.4±1.0 | 4.2±0.9 | 0.206 |
Continuous renal replacement therapy | 41 (15.8) | 46 (15.3) | 0.887 |
Type of hemodialysis catheter | <0.001 | ||
Non-TCC (FV) | 176 (48.4) | 171 (46.6) | |
Non-TCC (IJV) | 188 (51.6) | 76 (20.7) | |
TCC (IJV) | 0 | 120 (32.7) |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
ESRD, end-stage renal disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; TCC, tunneled cuffed catheter; FV, femoral vein; IJV, internal jugular vein.
a)Statistical significances were determined using the t-test for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables.
Variable | Phase I (n=97) | Phase II (n=68) | p-valuea) |
---|---|---|---|
Age<65 yr | 41 (17.6) | 30 (17.6) | 0.120 |
Age≥65 yr | 56 (28.6) | 38 (19.3) | 0.033 |
Non-diabetes mellitus | 57 (28.8) | 38 (20.1) | 0.047 |
Diabetes mellitus | 40 (24.1) | 30 (16.9) | 0.095 |
Male sex | 56 (27.9) | 37 (17.1) | 0.008 |
Female sex | 41 (25.2) | 31 (20.7) | 0.346 |
The multivariate analysis was adjusted for DM, sex, serum sodium level, and phase for the age subgroup; for age, sex, serum sodium level, and phase for the DM subgroup; and for age, DM, serum sodium level, and phase for the sex subgroup.
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Variable | Phase I | Phase II | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
No. of patients | 260 | 300 | - |
Underlying disease of ESRD (DM) | 123 (47.3) | 144 (48.0) | 0.870 |
No. of catheterizations | 364 | 367 | - |
Age (yr) | 64.0±15.5 | 63.8±14.3 | 0.837 |
Male sex | 143 (55.0) | 177 (59.0) | 0.340 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.6±1.8 | 9.8±1.9 | 0.216 |
Platelet (K/mm3) | 206±131 | 198±126 | 0.473 |
Calcium (mg/dL) | 7.7±1.2 | 7.5±1.0 | 0.297 |
Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 5.1±2.3 | 5.3±1.9 | 0.453 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 215±817 | 200±496 | 0.829 |
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 102±317 | 103±252 | 0.987 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 69.7±39.0 | 65.0±39.6 | 0.186 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 6.0±3.8 | 5.8±3.8 | 0.589 |
Sodium (mEq/L) | 135.2±6.4 | 136.9±6.7 | 0.002 |
Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.4±1.0 | 4.2±0.9 | 0.206 |
Continuous renal replacement therapy | 41 (15.8) | 46 (15.3) | 0.887 |
Type of hemodialysis catheter | <0.001 | ||
Non-TCC (FV) | 176 (48.4) | 171 (46.6) | |
Non-TCC (IJV) | 188 (51.6) | 76 (20.7) | |
TCC (IJV) | 0 | 120 (32.7) |
Variable | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Age (ref: ≤65 yr) | 1.30 (0.96–1.77) | 0.096 | 1.03 (0.71–1.47) | 0.895 |
Comorbidities (ref: non-DM) | 1.31 (0.96–1.79) | 0.085 | 1.28 (0.88–1.85) | 0.199 |
Serum sodium (increase 1 unit) | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.872 | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.979 |
Phase II (ref: phase I) | 0.70 (0.51–0.96) | 0.024 | 0.55 (0.37–0.79) | 0.002 |
Variable | Phase I (n=97) | Phase II (n=68) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age<65 yr | 41 (17.6) | 30 (17.6) | 0.120 |
Age≥65 yr | 56 (28.6) | 38 (19.3) | 0.033 |
Non-diabetes mellitus | 57 (28.8) | 38 (20.1) | 0.047 |
Diabetes mellitus | 40 (24.1) | 30 (16.9) | 0.095 |
Male sex | 56 (27.9) | 37 (17.1) | 0.008 |
Female sex | 41 (25.2) | 31 (20.7) | 0.346 |
Variable | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Age<65 yr | ||||
Sex (ref: male) | 1.26 (0.77–1.95) | 0.392 | 1.23 (0.72–2.11) | 0.443 |
Comorbidity (ref: non-DM) | 1.81 (1.13–2.91) | 0.014 | 1.73 (1.02–2.93) | 0.043 |
Serum sodium (increase 1 unit) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.911 | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 0.927 |
Phase II (ref: phase I) | 0.71 (0.44–1.13) | 0.144 | 0.65 (0.37–1.12) | 0.122 |
Age≥65 yr | ||||
Sex (ref: male) | 0.84 (0.55–1.27) | 0.402 | 1.00 (0.59–1.68) | 0.998 |
Comorbidity (ref: non-DM) | 1.01 (0.67–1.53) | 0.947 | 0.96 (0.57–1.62) | 0.885 |
Serum sodium (increase 1 unit) | 1.00 (0.96–1.03) | 0.863 | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 0.922 |
Phase II (ref: phase I) | 0.70 (0.46–1.07) | 0.097 | 0.49 (0.29–0.83) | 0.008 |
Non-DM | ||||
Sex (ref: male) | 0.85 (0.56–1.29) | 0.452 | 0.95 (0.59–1.56) | 0.850 |
Age (ref: ≤65 yr) | 0.98 (0.65–1.47) | 0.916 | 0.76 (0.48–1.23) | 0.268 |
Serum sodium (increase 1 unit) | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | 0.346 | 0.99 (0.95–1.02) | 0.508 |
Phase II (ref: phase I) | 0.83 (0.55–1.25) | 0.369 | 0.68 (0.41–1.11) | 0.125 |
DM | ||||
Sex (ref: male) | 1.26 (0.79–2.02) | 0.332 | 1.24 (0.71–2.19) | 0.450 |
Age (ref: ≤65 yr) | 1.79 (1.11–2.89) | 0.017 | 1.44 (0.82–2.52) | 0.207 |
Serum sodium (increase 1 unit) | 1.02 (0.98–1.07) | 0.406 | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.241 |
Phase II (ref: phase I) | 0.60 (0.37–0.96) | 0.033 | 0.42 (0.23–0.75) | 0.003 |
Male sex | ||||
Age (ref: ≤65 yr) | 1.53 (1.01–2.31) | 0.044 | 1.02 (0.63–1.66) | 0.938 |
Comorbidity (ref: non-DM) | 1.54 (1.01–2.34) | 0.044 | 1.43 (0.86–2.37) | 0.167 |
Serum sodium (increase 1 unit) | 0.99 (0.95–1.02) | 0.460 | 0.99 (0.95–1.02) | 0.525 |
Phase II (ref: phase I) | 0.58 (0.38–0.88) | 0.011 | 0.47 (0.28–0.78) | 0.003 |
Female sex | ||||
Age (ref: ≤65 yr) | 1.05 (0.66–1.68) | 0.830 | 0.84 (0.47–1.49) | 0.551 |
Comorbidity (ref: non-DM) | 1.06 (0.67–1.69) | 0.799 | 1.12 (0.64–1.94) | 0.701 |
Serum sodium (increase 1 unit) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 0.567 | 1.02 (0.97–1.06) | 0.476 |
Phase II (ref: phase I) | 0.88 (0.55–1.41) | 0.594 | 0.72 (0.40–1.30) | 0.273 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). ESRD, end-stage renal disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; TCC, tunneled cuffed catheter; FV, femoral vein; IJV, internal jugular vein. Statistical significances were determined using the
The multivariate analysis was adjusted for age, DM, serum sodium level, and phase. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Values are presented as number (%). Significant differences between phases were determined using Pearson chi-square test.
The multivariate analysis was adjusted for DM, sex, serum sodium level, and phase for the age subgroup; for age, sex, serum sodium level, and phase for the DM subgroup; and for age, DM, serum sodium level, and phase for the sex subgroup. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus.