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HOME > J Yeungnam Med Sci > Volume 34(1); 2017 > Article
Original Article Clinical significance of saccade test, smooth pursuit test, and optokinetic nystagmus test in nystagmography
Yoon Seok Choi, Hyung Gyun Na, Si Youn Song, Yong Dae Kim, Chang Hoon Bae
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science 2017;34(1):29-36
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2017.34.1.29
Published online: June 30, 2017
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea. baich@med.yu.ac.kr
2Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea.
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BACKGROUND
Saccade test, smooth pursuit test, and optokinetic nystagmus test are clinically useful tests to accurately diagnose vertigo. However, there have only been a few studies regarding a correlation between the anatomical site of the lesion and the abnormality of eyeball movement in patients with vertigo. METHODS: The medical records of 97 patients with vertigo between January 2006 and June 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. We classified many kinds of abnormalities regarding the saccade test, smooth pursuit test and optokinetic nystagmus test into several categories and analyzed the localizing lesion of vertigo. RESULTS: According to the saccade test, both total saccade abnormality (S-total) and slow velocity of saccade (S-type 3) were shown to be significantly higher in the central lesion of vertigo. According to the smooth pursuit test, symmetrical unidirectional smooth pursuit abnormality (SP-type 2) was observed to be significantly higher in the peripheral lesion over vertigo. Moreover, according to the optokinetic nystagmus test, total optokinetic nystagmus abnormalities (OKN-total) were shown to be significantly useful findings in the diagnosis of the central lesion of vertigo. The coexisting abnormalities of all three tests (S+SP+OKN abnormalities) were shown to be significantly higher in the central lesion of vertigo. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that all these tests, saccade test, smooth pursuit test, and optokinetic nystagmus test, are very useful to distinguish between the central lesion and the peripheral lesion of vertigo. However, these tests are not beneficial in localizing the central lesion of vertigo.

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