Transforming growth factor-β |
Enhances undifferentiated mesenchymal cell proliferation |
Modulates endothelial, fibroblastic, and osteoblastic mitogenesis |
Modulates collagen synthesis and collagenase secretion |
Modulates mitogenic effects of other growth factors |
Enhances endothelial chemotaxis and angiogenesis |
Inhibits macrophage and lymphocyte proliferation |
Fibroblast growth factor |
Enhances growth and differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts |
Mitogenic for mesenchymal cells, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts |
Platelet-derived growth factor A and B |
Mitogenic for mesenchymal cells and osteoblasts |
Promotes chemotaxis and mitogenesis in fibroblast, glial, or smooth muscle cells |
Modulates collagenase secretion and collagen synthesis |
Promotes macrophage and neutrophil chemotaxis |
Epidermal growth factor |
Enhances endothelial chemotaxis or angiogenesis |
Modulates collagenase secretion |
Enhances epithelial or mesenchymal mitogenesis |
Vascular endothelial growth factor |
Stimulates angiogenesis and vessel permeability |
Enhances mitogenesis for endothelial cells |
Connective tissue growth factor |
Stimulates angiogenesis |
Cartilage regeneration |
Fibrosis and platelet adhesion |
Insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 |
Chemotactic for fibroblasts and stimulates protein synthesis |
Stimulates bone formation |
Platelet factor 4 |
Promotes the initial influx of neutrophils into wounds |
Chemoattractant for fibroblasts |
Interleukin-8 |
Proinflammatory mediator |
Recruitment of inflammatory cells |
Keratinocyte growth factor |
Stimulates endothelial cell growth, migration, adhesion, and survival |
Angiogenesis |