Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Original article

Dentistry
Association of MTUS1 with cisplatin response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data: Eun-Kyong Kim, Su Young Oh, So-Young Choi, Tae-Lyn Kim, Heon-Jin Lee, Soyoung Kwak, Su-Hyung Hong; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2026;43:35. Published online May 20, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2026.43.35

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Abstract PDF: Background
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a mainstay treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC); however, resistance to cisplatin contributes substantially to poor clinical outcomes. Identifying biomarkers associated with cisplatin response may improve prognostic assessment and treatment selection.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-HNSC dataset to evaluate the association between microtubule associated scaffold protein 1 (MTUS1) expression and clinical outcomes, with particular emphasis on patients who were cisplatin-treated. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier curves, and differential expression analysis was conducted separately by comparing patients in disease-specific survival (DSS)-living and DSS-deceased groups. MTUS1 messenger RNA and protein levels were examined in cisplatin-sensitive oral cancer cell lines and their paired cisplatin-resistant counterparts using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Functional relevance was assessed by small interfering RNA-mediated MTUS1 knockdown in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma organoids.
Results
MTUS1 protein expression was significantly lower in HNSC tumors than in non-tumor tissues. In the overall TCGA-HNSC cohort, MTUS1 expression was not significantly associated with survival. However, in patients who were cisplatin-treated, higher MTUS1 expression was significantly associated with more favorable DSS. MTUS1 expression was consistently lower in cisplatin-resistant oral cancer cell lines than in their paired cisplatin-sensitive counterparts. Functional experiments further suggested that reduced MTUS1 expression is associated with decreased cisplatin sensitivity and a resistant phenotype.
Conclusion
MTUS1 expression may be associated with clinical outcomes in patients with cisplatin-treated HNSC and is related to cisplatin responsiveness. These findings suggest a role for MTUS1 as a candidate treatment-relevant biomarker and highlight the value of integrating public omics data with experimental validation.

Case report

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
Development of an RGB-depth camera-based gait analysis system: a single-case study of a patient with stroke: Min Cheol Chang, Juyeon Kim, Jun Sung Moon, Wooktae Park, Gun Woo Lee, Yoo Jin Choo; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2026;43:15. Published online January 24, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2026.43.15

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Alterations in gait patterns often indicate health status, and their analysis enables the diagnosis and assessment of various health conditions. This study aimed to develop a noncontact gait analysis system using red, green, and blue-depth (RGB-D) cameras and to evaluate its potential clinical applicability. A single case study was conducted to assess changes in the gait patterns of a patient with stroke before and after the application of an ankle-foot orthosis. Twenty walking trials were recorded to evaluate the key gait parameters. The custom RGB-D camera-based gait analysis system demonstrated the potential to rapidly quantify key gait parameters in the patient. Compared with normative data, it effectively identified characteristic stroke-related gait impairments such as shorter step lengths and slower gait speeds. However, the intraclass correlation coefficient analysis indicated low measurement reliability. Although the stance time and minimum knee angle on the left and right sides exceeded the standard error of measurement (SEM), no changes exceeded the minimal detectable change (MDC) criteria. Moreover, other gait parameters did not show significant changes beyond SEM or MDC, limiting the interpretability of the results. Therefore, further technological developments and data collection are required to improve test-retest reliability and sensitivity to change.

Original articles

Medical Education
Mediating effect of technostress on the relationship between artificial intelligence literacy and attitude toward digital technology among health professions students: a structural equation modeling approach: Jin Young Lee, Yul Ha Min, Jun Yim, Kwi Hwa Park, So Jung Yune; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2026;43:7. Published online December 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2026.43.7

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Abstract PDF: Background
This study aimed to examine the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy on attitudes toward digital technology and the mediating effect of technostress on this relationship among health professions students.
Methods
An online survey was conducted from May to October 2025 with 1,314 students enrolled in medical schools, nursing schools, dental schools, and graduate schools of dentistry nationwide. Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping analyses were performed.
Results
The analysis revealed that AI literacy significantly reduced technostress and enhanced attitudes toward digital technology. Technostress also had a negative effect on attitudes toward digital technology, and a partial mediating effect was identified in the relationship between AI literacy and attitudes toward digital technology. In other words, higher levels of AI literacy were associated with lower technostress, which, in turn, led to more positive attitudes toward digital technology. Multigroup analysis further showed that the effect of AI literacy on technostress differed across majors, being significant for medical and nursing students, but not for dental students.
Conclusion
This study confirmed that improving AI literacy reduces technology-related stress and promotes positive attitudes toward digital technology. These findings suggest the need for AI and digital technology education designs that consider the psychological factors of learners in medical education. Furthermore, the observed group differences suggest that AI literacy may function differently depending on discipline-specific technological and educational contexts.

Dermatology
Pulsed dye versus neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers for refractory warts: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Joon-Goon Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2026;43:6. Published online December 22, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2026.43.6

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Abstract PDF: Background
Refractory cutaneous warts often persist despite conventional treatments. Pulsed dye lasers (PDLs) and long-pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers are commonly used in clinical practice. However, comparative data on refractory cases remain limited.
Methods
Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched through October 11, 2025, for studies evaluating PDL or Nd:YAG treatment for refractory warts. Head‑to‑head studies were meta-analyzed using Inverse Variance fixed‑effect odds ratios (ORs), whereas single‑arm evidence was summarized narratively following the SWiM guidelines. The primary outcome was complete clearance, with hemorrhagic complications as the key safety outcome.
Results
Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria: three head‑to‑head (n=224; 115 PDLs and 109 Nd:YAG lasers) and 12 single‑arm series. Complete clearance was similar between PDLs and Nd:YAG lasers (OR, 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66–2.50; I²=0%). Hemorrhagic complications occurred less frequently with PDLs (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.07–0.74; I²=22%). Single-arm studies indicated broad clearance ranges (PDL, 5.1%–89.0%; Nd:YAG, 9.1%–100%).
Conclusion
PDLs and Nd:YAG lasers demonstrated comparable efficacies in treating refractory warts, and PDLs conferred a safety advantage for hemorrhagic events. The lesion site, thickness, bleeding tolerance, and patient context should be considered when selecting the treatment modality.

Psychiatry and Mental Health
Feasibility and construct validity evaluation of remote neuropsychological testing using the K-eRBANS: a preliminary single group prospective observational study: Dai Seg Bai; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:75. Published online November 15, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.75

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Abstract PDF: Background
This study evaluated the feasibility and construct validity of the Korean electronic version of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (K-eRBANS), a tablet-based neuropsychological test designed for remote cognitive screening for the prevention and early detection of dementia.
Methods
The K-eRBANS was administered remotely using paired examiner–participant tablets with automated scoring and secure data transmission. The system was interoperable with the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC)-compliant Korean dementia standard database. Concurrent validity was examined against the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination-2 (K-MMSE-2) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Construct validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the theoretical five-factor model.
Results
A total of 150 participants (mean age, 55.0±6.5 years; 24.7% male) completed testing. Cognitive performance was generally preserved with slightly lower visuospatial/constructional abilities (mean, 83.66; standard deviation, 21.95). K-eRBANS scores were positively correlated with K-MMSE-2 (r=0.223–0.577, p<0.01) and negatively with CDR (r=−0.118 to −0.414, p<0.01). CFA results supported the hypothesized five-factor model (χ2=104.44; chi-square to degrees of freedom ratio, 2.13; root mean square error of approximation, 0.089; comparative fit index, 0.910; Tucker-Lewis index, 0.879), indicating acceptable model fit.
Conclusion
The findings demonstrate that K-eRBANS is a feasible, reliable, and psychometrically valid digital neuropsychological tool that preserves the structural integrity of the original, nonelectronic version of the tool. Its integration with the CDISC-aligned databases enables scalable remote cognitive assessment and supports data-driven dementia prevention within Korea’s national dementia care framework.

Case report

Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Septo-optic dysplasia associated with chromosome 15q13.3 duplication: a case report: Jeong A Ham, Sung Hyun Kim, Donghwi Park; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):419-422. Published online December 2, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00493

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Abstract PDF

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare congenital anomaly that is clinically defined by developmental delay and characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging findings, including optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary hormone abnormalities, and midline brain defects. The occurrence of SOD is generally sporadic; however, it can be inherited rarely. Although an association with HESX1, SOX2, and SOX3 mutations has been identified, the detailed etiology is multifactorial and unclear. Here, we present the case of a 7-year-old girl who was clinically diagnosed with SOD and 15q13.3 duplication. Patients with duplication at chromosome 15q13.3 were reported to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and schizophrenia in previous studies. The relationship between SOD and the microduplication of 15q13.3 has not yet been explored. In this study, we suggest that there may be an association between chromosome 15q13.3 microduplication and SOD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Prenatal Diagnosis of Apparently Isolated Absence of the Septum Pellucidum: Literature Review and Presentation of a Rare Association With 15q13.3 Microduplication
Claudiana Olivieri, Nicola Volpe, Angela Gentile, Raffaella Peschechera, Mauro De Guglielmo, Paolo Volpe
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound.2026; 54(4): 954. CrossRef

Original articles

Alternative Medicine
Auricular acupuncture for sleep quality in participants with mental and behavioral disorders due to prior multiple drug use: a retrospective consecutive case series: Yuri Gimelfarb, Eran Goldstien; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):78-85. Published online November 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00542

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Abstract PDF

Background
Poor sleep quality is associated with psychoactive substance abuse/addiction/withdrawal. Auricular acupuncture (AA) is a nonpharmacological method used for the treatment of sleep disturbances. This study aimed to examine the quality of sleep before and after AA in participants with mental and behavioral disorders due to prior multiple drug use in the therapeutic community.
Methods
This was a consecutive case series of 27 participants (25 male [92.6%]). The median age was 35.0 years (interquartile range [IQR], 29.0–37.2 years), methadone/buprenorphine were not used, and the participants were treated with AA (median number of treatments, 15.0 [IQR, 12.0–18.0]) during a median period of 51.0 days (IQR, 49.0–51.0 days) according to the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA)-Acudetox protocol. Sleep quality was determined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a self-rated questionnaire that assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month interval.
Results
The global PSQI score dropped (indicating better sleep quality) by a median of 3.0 points (IQR, 0.0–8.0 points) after treatment. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, with an increase in global PSQI score during AA by 1 point, there was a 0.73-fold reduction in the risk of poor sleep quality post-AA (adjusted odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–1.01; p<0.055; Nagelkerke's R2=0.66).
Conclusion
The results revealed a positive effect of AA (by the NADA-Acudetox protocol) on sleep quality (as measured by PSQI) among participants in a treatment center with mental and behavioral disorders due to multiple drug use.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Feasibility of Auricular Acupressure Therapy for Neuropathic Pain in Cancer Patients
Eunhea You, William Holzemer, Xiaomei Cong, Hermine Poghosyan, Heon Joon Lee, Jeffrey Paul Aleski
Pain Management Nursing.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Auricular Acupuncture for Stress and Anxiety in Correctional Staff: A Pilot Feasibility Study in a High-Security Psychiatric Unit
Konstantinos Georgiadis, Giorgos Tzigkounakis, Vasileios Giannakidis, Athanasios Douzenis
Medical Acupuncture.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine
Magnetic resonance imaging texture analysis for the evaluation of viable ovarian tissue in patients with ovarian endometriosis: a retrospective case-control study: Dayong Lee, Hyun Jung Lee; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(1):24-30. Published online July 15, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01165

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Abstract PDF: Background
Texture analysis has been used as a method for quantifying image properties based on textural features. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture analysis for the evaluation of viable ovarian tissue on the perfusion map of ovarian endometriosis.
Methods
To generate a normalized perfusion map, subtracted T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T1WI and contrast-enhanced T-WI with sequences were performed using the same parameters in 25 patients with surgically confirmed ovarian endometriosis. Integrated density is defined as the sum of the values of the pixels in the image or selection. We investigated the parameters for texture analysis in ovarian endometriosis, including angular second moment (ASM), contrast, correlation, inverse difference moment (IDM), and entropy, which is equivalent to the product of area and mean gray value.
Results
The perfusion ratio and integrated density of normal ovary were 0.52±0.05 and 238.72±136.21, respectively. Compared with the normal ovary, the affected ovary showed significant differences in total size (p<0.001), fractional area ratio (p<0.001), and perfusion ratio (p=0.010) but no significant differences in perfused tissue area (p=0.158) and integrated density (p=0.112). In comparison of parameters for texture analysis between the ovary with endometriosis and the contralateral normal ovary, ASM (p=0.004), contrast (p=0.002), IDM (p<0.001), and entropy (p=0.028) showed significant differences. A linear regression analysis revealed that fractional area had significant correlations with ASM (r2=0.211), IDM (r2=0.332), and entropy (r2=0.289).
Conclusion
Magnetic resonance texture analysis could be useful for the evaluation of viable ovarian tissues in patients with ovarian endometriosis.

Case Report

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Double primary lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed by epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status: Oh Jung Kwon, Min Hyeok Lee, Sung Ju Kang, Seul Gi Kim, In Beom Jeong, Ji Yun Jeong, Eun Jung Cha, Do Yeun Cho, Young Jin Kim, Ji Woong Son; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2017;34(2):270-274. Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2017.34.2.270

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Abstract PDF: A nodular density was detected on a chest radiograph taken from a 57-year-old Korean woman who was visiting a hospital for a routine check. Chest computed tomography revealed a 4.8 cm lobulated mass in the right lung and another focal nodular lesion in the left lung; biopsies of both lungs revealed adenocarcinoma. We conducted DNA sequencing and peptide nucleic acid clamping to investigate the potential double primary lung cancer. The results verified that the mass in the right lung had a mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor, whereas the nodule in the left lung had a wild-type sequence, showing that these two were genetically different cancers from one another. Thus, we demonstrate that genetic testing is useful in determining double primary lung cancer, and we herein report on this case.

Original Article

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Meta-analysis on risk stratification of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmic events in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: Young Eun Roh, Hyun Ji Jang, Min Jung Cho; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2017;34(2):208-215. Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2017.34.2.208

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a cardiomyopathy characterized by predominant right ventricular fibro-fatty replacement, right ventricular dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias. It is a rare but important cause of sudden cardiac death in children and young adults. A meta-analysis on risk stratification of major ventricular tachyarrhythmic events indicating the need for implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in ARVC was performed. METHODS: The pubmed database was searched from its inception to May 2015. Of the 433 citations identified, 12 were included in this meta-analysis. Data regarding major ventricular tachyarrhythmic events were retrieved in 817 subjects from the studies. For the variables, a combined odds ratio (OR) was calculated using a fixed-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Extensive right ventricular dysfunction (OR, 2.44), ventricular late potential (OR, 1.66), inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmia during electrophysiology study (OR, 3.67), non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (OR, 3.78), and history of fatal event/sustained VT (OR, 5.66) identified as significant risk factors (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis shows that extensive right ventricular dysfunction, ventricular late potential, inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmia during electrophysiological study, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, and history of sustained ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation are consistently reported risk factors of major ventricular tachyarrhythmic events indicating implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in patients with ARVC.

Case Reports

Nephrology
A Case of Recurrent Exercise-Induced Acute Renal Failure and Renal Hypouricemia with R90H Mutation in a SCL22A12 Gene.: Ae Jin Kim, Soo Yong Park, Ji Yong Jung, Jae Hyun Chang, Hyun Hee Lee, Wook Yung Chung, Han Ro; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2012;29(2):150-152. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2012.29.2.150

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Abstract PDF

Acute renal failure with severe loin pain and patch renal ischemia after anaerobic exercise (ALPE) is a rare cause of exercise-induced acute kidney injury. Some ALPE patients also have renal hypouricemia. Mutations in the SCL22A12 gene are among the major factors of hypouricemia. Education for the prevention of relapse and genetic counseling should be recommended to ALPE patients with renal hypouricemia. This paper reports a 25-year-old man who showed recurrent exercise-induced ARF and renal hypouricemia with R90H mutation in his SCL22A12 gene.

Citations

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A Case Report of Familial Renal Hypouricemia Confirmed by Genotyping of SLC22A12, and a Literature Review
Hyung Oh Kim, Chun-Gyoo Ihm, Kyung Hwan Jeong, Hyun Joon Kang, Jae-Min Kim, Hyung Suk Lim, Jin Sug Kim, Tae Won Lee
Electrolytes & Blood Pressure.2015; 13(2): 52. CrossRef

Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
A Case of Molecular Diagnosis of Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency.: Eun Sil Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2):322-328. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2.322

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Abstract PDF

Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is the most common inborn error of urea cycle metabolism; it is inherited in an X-linked manner. The OTC catalyzes the third step of the urea cycle, the conversion of ornithine and carbamyl phosphate to citrulline. Deficiency of OTC leads to the accumulation of ammonia, causing neurological deficits. In most affected hemizygote males, OTC deficiency manifests as hyperammonemic coma that often leads to death in the newborn period, and those who recover from the coma may be neurologically impaired due to the sequelae of the hyperammonemic encephalopathy. In some, late-onset manifestations develop. We report a male neonate with early onset OT deficiency that had apnea and was comatous. On mutation analysis using DNA sequencing after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 10 exons, deletions of 10 bases in codon 285, causing a frame shift was detected in exon 8. The mother and a sister were diagnosed as female carriers. Therefore, genetic counseling and the risk assessment could be provided to the family.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The First Neonatal Case of Neonatal Argininosuccinic Aciduria in Korea
In Ok Hwang, Eun Sil Lee
Journal of the Korean Society of Neonatology.2011; 18(1): 143. CrossRef

Original Article

Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Comparisons of Gas Analysis in Arterial, Venous and Warmed Venous Blood During Inhalation General Anesthesia: Heung Dae Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S519-526. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S519

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Abstract PDF: Background
：We determine whether venous blood, when sampled under carefully controlled conditions, was an acceptable alternative to arterial blood for the measurement of arterial blood gas analysis during inhalation general anesthesia. Materials and Methods：The arterial blood values of the carbon dioxide tension (PCO₂), pH, base excess (BE), oxygen tension (PO₂) and oxygen saturation (SO₂) were compared with the values of venous blood drawn from the cephalic vein as non controlled routine method and as localized warmed method during inhalation general anesthesia with sevoflurane and N₂O (50%) in 20 cases.
Results
：The blood gas analysis values of non controlled cephalic venous blood were close to those of arterial blood. They was similar between the PCO₂ (42.5 ± 0.97 vs. 38.7 ± 0.92 mmHg), pH (7.35 ± 0.01 vs. 7.39 ± 0.01) and BE (-3.13 ± 0.62 vs. -0.18 ± 0.13 mEq/l) of non controlled cephalic venous and of arterial blood. Although the PO₂ in non controlled cephalic venous blood was significantly less than that in arterial blood(130.8 ± 8.1 vs. 245.3 ± 6.8 mmHg), the difference in SO₂ was small(98.9 ± 2.1 vs. 99.7 ± 0.4%). The blood gas values of warmed cephalic venous blood were more similar to those of arterial blood (PCO₂, 41.2 ± 0.91 vs. 38.7 ± 0.92 mmHg; pH, 7.37 ± 0.01 vs. 7.39 ± 0.01; BE, -2.30 ± 0.62 vs. -0.18 ± 0.13 mEq/l; PO₂, 157.3 ± 11.4 vs. 245.3 ± 6.8 mmHg; SO₂, 99.2 ± 1.3 vs. 99.7 ± 0.4%) than to those of non controlled cephalic venous blood.
Conclusion
：We found that warmed cephalic venous blood during inhalation general anesthesia can be arterialized and PCO₂, pH, BE and SO₂ of warmed cephalic venous blood were not significantly different to those of arterial blood. Therefore we conclude that it is reliable to use localized warmed cephalic venous blood for the measurement of arterial blood gas analysis during inhalation general anesthesia.

Review Articles

Rheumatology
Identification of Interleukin 1-Responsive Genes in Human Chondrosarcoma SW1354 cells by cDNA Microarray Technology.: Jun Ha Jeon, Yong Wook Jung, Dae Young Yun, Hyun Do Kim, Chang Mo Kwon, Young Hoon Hong, Jae Ryong Kim, Choong Ki Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(1):24-40. Published online June 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.1.24

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Accumulating evidence shows that interleukin(IL)-1 plays a critical role in inflammation and connective tissue destruction observed in both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. IL-1 induces gene expression related to cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases by activation of many different transcription factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The chondrosarcoma cell line, SW1353, is known to be a valuable in vitro system for investigating catabolic gene regulation by IL-1beta in chondrocytic cells. To explore and analyze the changes in gene expression by IL-1 responsible for arthritis, SW1353 was treated with IL-1 for 1, 6 and 24 h and then total RNAs were purified for each time. The changes in gene expression were analyzed with 17k human cDNA microarrays and validated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: Greater than a two-fold change was observed in 1,200 genes including metallothioneins, matrix metalloproteinases, extracellular matrix proteins, antioxidant proteins, cytoskeleton proteins, cell cycle regulatory proteins, proteins for cell growth and apoptosis, signaling proteins and transcription factors. These changes appeared to be correlate with the pathophysiological changes observed in early osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION: cDNA microarray analysis revealed a marked variability in gene expression, and provided insight into the overall molecular changes. The result of this study provide initial information for further studies to identify therapeutic targets in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.

Microbiology
Microbial Genome Analysis and Application to Clinical Bateriology.: Sung Kwang Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2002;19(1):1-10. Published online June 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2002.19.1.1

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Abstract PDF: With the establishment of rapid sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and the recognition of its patential to determine the phylogenetic position of any prokaryotic organism, the role of 16S rRNA similarities in the present species definition in bacteriology need to be clarified. Comparative studies clearly reveal the limitations of the sequence analysis of this conserved gene and gene product in the determination of relationship at the pathogenic strain level for which DNA-DNA reassociation exprements still constitute the superior method. Since today the primary structure of 16S rRNA is easier to determine than hybridization between DNA strands, the strength of the sequence analysis is to recognize the level at which DNA pairing studies need to be performed, which certainly applies to similarities of 97% and higher.

Original Articles

Dentistry
A Lateral Cephalometric Study of Maxillofacial Morphologic Features in Class III Malocclusion Children.: Woo Ill Sohn, Ic Jun Chang, Jae Chul Song, Byung Rho Chin; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2001;18(2):208-214. Published online December 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2001.18.2.208

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
When we make treatment plan of class III malocclusion children, it is difficult to determine whether we treat it with orthognathic surgery or without orthognathic surgery. To determine that, we must consider many factors, such as cephalometric analysis, growth pattern, family history, and skeletal age. A Harvold cephalometric analysis is useful in determining the amount of discrepancy by comparing the maxillary unit length with mandibular unit length. We tried this study to help the decision of treatment planning in class III malocclusion children by comparison in class III malocclusion and normal occlusion children using a Harvold analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The materials for this study consisted of 20 class III malocclusion children. Cephalometric tracing and measurements were performed by one investigator. The control group consisted of 18 normal occlusion children and lateral cephalograms were obtained from 8.5 to 14.5 years old children biannually. The relationships between class III malocclusion group and normal occlusion group were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: The lower anterior facial heights between two groups were not significantly different, although the lower anterior facial heights of class III malocclusion group was higher than those of normal occlusion group in all age groups. The Maxillary-mandibular unit length differences of class III malocclusion group were significantly higher than those of normal occlusion group(p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A Harvold analysis was useful to make treatment planning for class III malocclusion children.

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Development of Data Acquisition System for Quantification of Autonomic Nervous System Activity and It's Clinic Use.: Dong Gu Shin, Jong Sun Park, Young Jo Kim, Bong Sup Shim, Sang Hak Lee, Jun Ha Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2001;18(1):39-50. Published online June 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2001.18.1.39

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Power spectrum analysis method is a powerful noninvasive tool for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity. In this paper, we developed a data acquistion system for estimating the activity of the autonomic nervous system by the analysis of heart rate and respiratory rate variability using power spectrum analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the detection of QRS peak and measurement of respiratory rate from patient's ECG, we used low-pass filter and impedence method respectively. This system adopt an isolated power for patient's safety. In this system, two output signnals can be obtained: R-R interval(heart rate) and respiration rate time series. Experimental ranges are 30-240 BPM for ECG and 15-80 BPM for respiration. RESULTS: The system can acquire two signals accurately both in the experimental test using simulator and in real clinical setting. CONCLUSION: The system developed in this paper if efficient for the acquisition of heart rate and respiration signals. The system will play a role in research area for improving our understanding of the pathophysiologic involvement of the autonomic nervous system in various disease states.

Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Ascitic Fluid Analysis for the Differentiation of Malignancy-Related and Nonmalignant Ascites.: Eun Young Lee, Byeoung Deok Kim, Jae Hyuk Choi, Sang Yeop Lee, Hun Mo Ryu, Kyung Hee Lee, Myung Soo Hyun; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1999;16(1):76-84. Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1999.16.1.76

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Abstract PDF: The differentiation between Malignancy-Related Ascites(MRA) and Non-Malignant Ascites (NMA) is important for further diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Althought many parameters were investigated, none has provided a complete distinction between MRA and NMA. We investigated several ascitic fluid parameters to determine the differential power, and to ifferentiate malignant-related from nonmalignant-related ascites with a sequence of sensitive parameters followed by specific parameters. For the present sturdy, 80 patients with ascites were divided into two groups: MRA and NMA. The MRA group was consisted of 27 patients with proven malignancy by image study, biopsy, and follow up; 21 of these patients had peritoneal carcinomatosis, but the remaining 6 showed no evidence of peritoneal carcinomatosis. The NMA group was consisted of 53 patients with no evidence of malignancy; among these patients, one had SLE, and others had liver cirrhosis. The samples of blood and ascites were obtained simultaneously, and then the levels of ascites cholesterol, CEA, protein, LDH, cytology, albumin gradient, ascites/serum concentration ratios of LDH(LDH A/S), and ascites/serum concentration ratios of protein(protein A/S) were measured. Applying cut-off limits for determined parameters, we estimated the diagnostic efficacy of each parameter. Among the eight parameters investigated, ascites fluid cholesterol yielded the best sensitive value of 93%(cut-off value 30mg/dl), and cytologic examination and the protein A/S(cut-off value 0.5) showed the most specific value of 100% and 96%, respectively. Based on the above result, the diagnostic sequence with cholesterol as a sensitive parameter, followed by the combination of cytologic examination and protein A/S as specific parameters, was tested in 80 patients. This diagnostic sequence identified 81.5% of patients with malignancy, and all patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis were classified as malignancy-related ascites. In spite of many limitations, this proposed diagnostic sequence may permit a cost-effective and simple differentiation of malignacy-related ascites from nonmalignant ascites

Neurology
A clinical study of acute carbon monoxide intoxication.: Kyong Chan Choi, Mee Yeung Park, Jung Sang Hah, Yeung Ju Byun, Choong Suh Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(1):86-97. Published online June 30, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.1.86

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Abstract PDF: To obtain the basic data of prognosis of acute carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication, one hundred and sixteen cases of CO intoxication defined by carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and admitted via emergency room of Yeungnam University Hospital from Oct. '85 to April' 89 have been clinically analyzed and evaluated, including delayed postanoxic encephalopathy (DPE) and the following results were obtained. 1. The ratio of male to female was 1:1.5 and mental state was drowsy mostly (26.2% of 116 cases) 2. The more disturbed the mental state, the more decreased was the arterial pH and PaCO₂, which may be the result of metabolic acidosis. 3. The early laboratory findings in patients of CO intoxication were as follows: leukocytosis-65.5%, increase of hematocrit-23.3%, hyperglycemia-19.8%, increase of GPT-19.8% increase of creatinine-0.9% and glucosuria-12.1%. 4. The early findings of EKG were abnormal in 35.3%: change of rhythm-25.0%, abnormal ST segment 15.5% (change of rhythm and abnormal ST segment-5.2%) but the conduction disorder was not present. 5. The abnormal EEG above mild degree was 93.1%, of which moderate was most frequent (80.2%). 6. The incidence of DPE was 7.8% among all admitted CO patients. DPE cases had long duration of exposure time (8 hours), severe leukocytosis (20,000) and an abnormal EEG (MA).

Dentistry
Roentgenographic Cephalometric Study for Normal Occlusion in Korean Adults According to the Ricketts Analysis.: Byung Rho Chin; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1990;7(2):131-139. Published online December 31, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1990.7.2.131

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to assess the skeletal characteristics of the maxillofacial norms and the interpretation of craniofacial relations in Korean adults by applying the Ricketts Analysis. The factors of the applied lateral cephalometric measurements were composed of the 10 factor analysis (Summary Analysis) and 7 internal structures to be suggested by Ricketts. Lateral cephalograms were obtained from 60 subjects over 21 years old that consisted of 30 males and 30 females with normal occlusion, acceptable profile. The results were as follow: 1. The tables of means, standard deviations in each item and sex were made. 2. The author performed whether there was significance (P<0.05) between the registered male and female's measurement in each item.

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
A study of the cause of metal failure in treatment of femur shaft fracture: Fractographical and clinical analysis of metal failure.: Chun Bae Jeon, Jae Sung Seo, Jong Chul Ahn, Myun Whan Ahn, Joo Chyl Ihn; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1990;7(1):81-93. Published online June 30, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1990.7.1.81

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Abstract PDF: The author fractographically analyzed the cause of metal failure (the first time this procedure has been used for this metal failure) and also analyzed in clinically. In this study, I selected eight cases which have been analyzed fractographically. In all these cases, the analysis was done after treatment of metal failure of implants internally fixed to femur shaft fractures at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeung-Nam University Hospital during the six year period from May 1983 to September 1989. 1. Metal failure occurred in five dynamic-compression plates, one Jewett nail, one screw in Rowe plate, and one interlocking nail. 2. The clinical cause of metal failure was deficiency of medial buttes in five cases, incorrect position of implant in one case, and incorrect selection of implant in two cases. 3. The time interval between internal fixation and metal failure was four months in one case, between five months to twelve months in six cases, three years in one case. 4. The fractographically analytical cause of metal failure was ; first, impact failure, one case, second, fatigue failure, six cases, machining mark (stress riser), four case type: low consistent cyclic fatigue failure irregular cyclic fatigue failure third, stress corrosion crack, one case. 5. 316 L Stainless Steel has good resistance to corrosion. However, when its peculiar surface film is destroyed by fretting, it shows pitting corrosion. This is, perhaps, the main cause of metal failure. 6. It is possible that mechanical injury occurred in implants during the manufacturing of implants or that making a screw hole in the main cause of metal failure.

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