Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Review article

Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Failed back surgery syndrome—terminology, etiology, prevention, evaluation, and management: a narrative review: Jinseok Yeo; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):166-178. Published online June 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00339

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Amid the worldwide increase in spinal surgery rates, a significant proportion of patients continue to experience refractory chronic pain, resulting in reduced quality of life and escalated healthcare demands. Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a clinical condition characterized by persistent or recurrent pain after one or more spinal surgeries. The diverse characteristics and stigmatizing descriptions of FBSS necessitate a reevaluation of its nomenclature to reflect its complexity more accurately. Accurate identification of the cause of FBSS is hampered by the complex nature of the syndrome and limitations of current diagnostic labels. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach that may include pharmacological treatment, physical therapy, psychological support, and interventional procedures, emphasizing realistic goal-setting and patient education. Further research is needed to increase our understanding, improve diagnostic accuracy, and develop more effective management strategies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association of postlaminectomy syndrome with cardiovascular events in patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion
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Pain Medicine.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Safety of combined exercise and spinal cord stimulation therapy in persistent spinal pain syndrome: a case report
J. Vicente-Mampel, D. Sánchez-Poveda, M. Martínez-Soler, F. Hernández-Zaballos, J. Ferrer-Torregrosa, F. J. Sanchez-Montero
Frontiers in Pain Research.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Identifying Predictors of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome Following Lumbar Spine Surgery
Rushmin Khazanchi, Divy Kumar, Robert J. Oris, Anitesh Bajaj, Daniel E. Herrera, Austin R. Chen, Rohan M. Shah, Shravan Asthana, Samuel G. Reyes, Pranav Bajaj, Wellington K. Hsu, Alpesh A. Patel, Srikanth N. Divi
Spine.2026; 51(10): 736. CrossRef
Treatment Options for Chronic Pain After Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventional, Pharmacological, and Rehabilitative Strategies
Alok G Belgaumkar, Neha T Gaidhankar, Pooja N. V.
Cureus.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of discogenic low back pain: a phenotype-driven precision framework for surgical and interventional decision-making
Yanxu Feng, Yahao Li, Zhongqiu Sa, Zhilin Bai, Feng Mao, Jiangfeng Yu
Frontiers in Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Short-term Effects of Combined Korean Medicine Treatment Including Acupotomy in a Patient with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Case Report
Heejeon Hong, Soo Kwang An, Taewook Lee, Jihun Kim, Eunseok Kim
Journal of Acupuncture Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Wet Tap-Induced Spinal Cord Stimulator Trial Failure in Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Case Report Highlighting Intrathecal Drug Delivery for Treatment-Resistant Pain
Shivang Patel, Matthew Thomas, Harthik Kambhampati, John Stauffer, Tony El-Hayek
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Hind Chaib, Ehab Shiban
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Spinal Cord Stimulation in an Elderly Patient With Severe Scoliosis and Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Case for Reconsidering Anatomical Contraindications
Shivang Patel, Jalal Ibrahim, Feross Habib, Harthik Kambhampati, Tony El-Hayek
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Mechanism of IFITM1 regulating epidural scar hyperplasia after laminectomy through SMAD3/CBR4 pathway
Haoran Wang, Zekai Zhu, Jun Liu
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Moon Sun Kim, Seok-Hyeon Yoon, Youn-Seok Ko, Seung-Yun Oh, Soo-Jung Park
Korean Journal of Acupuncture.2025; 42(3): 212. CrossRef
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Case report

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
Serotonin syndrome in a patient with chronic pain taking analgesic drugs mistaken for psychogenic nonepileptic seizure: a case report: Mathieu Boudier-Revéret, Min Cheol Chang; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(4):371-373. Published online April 5, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.00948

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213 Download
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that is caused by the administration of drugs that increase serotonergic activity in the central nervous system. We report a case of serotonin syndrome in a patient with chronic pain who was taking analgesic drugs. A 36-year-old female with chronic pain in the lower back and right buttock area had been taking tramadol hydrochloride 187.5 mg, acetaminophen 325 mg, pregabalin 150 mg, duloxetine 60 mg, and triazolam 0.25 mg daily for several months. After amitriptyline 10 mg was added to achieve better pain control, the patient developed SS, which was mistaken for psychogenic nonepileptic seizure. However, her symptoms completely disappeared after discontinuation of the drugs that were thought to trigger SS and subsequent hydration with normal saline. Various drugs that can increase serotonergic activity are being widely prescribed for patients with chronic pain. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for the occurrence of SS when prescribing pain medications to patients with chronic pain.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Diagnosis and treatment of serotonin syndrome
Je Sung You, Sung Phil Chung
Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology.2024; 22(2): 11. CrossRef

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