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Review article
Essential micronutrients in children and adolescents with a focus on growth and development: a narrative review
Sukjin Hong
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:25.   Published online February 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.25    [Epub ahead of print]
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  • 44 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
This comprehensive review examines the crucial role of micronutrients in the health of children and adolescents, focusing on their growth and development. Micronutrients, including vitamins and trace elements, are essential for various biochemical processes and biological functions. We explored the roles, assessment methods, deficiency patterns, and intervention strategies for six essential micronutrients: iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin D, iodine, and folate. These nutrients were selected based on their fundamental importance in pediatric development. By analyzing the current literature from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, we synthesized findings regarding the impact of these micronutrients on health outcomes in children and adolescents, examining both regional and global prevalence data, with particular attention paid to Korean population data. This review provides evidence-based insights into the assessment and management of micronutrient status in children and adolescents and offers recommendations for clinical practice.
Focused Review article
What is the disease burden from childhood and adolescent obesity?: a narrative review
Eun Byoul Lee
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):150-157.   Published online June 27, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00360
  • 2,945 View
  • 76 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased and exacerbated during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, both in Korea and globally. Childhood and adolescent obesity poses significant risks for premature morbidity and mortality. The development of serious comorbidities depends not only on the duration of obesity but also on the age of onset. Obesity in children and adolescents affects almost all organ systems, including the endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive, nervous, and immune systems. Obesity in children and adolescents affects growth, cognitive function, and psychosocial interactions during development, in addition to aggravating known adult comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and cancer. Childhood and adolescent obesity are highly associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in later life can be considerably decreased by even a small weight loss before the onset of puberty. Childhood and adolescent obesity is a disease that requires treatment and is associated with many comorbidities and disease burdens. Therefore, early detection and therapeutic intervention are crucial.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Exploring comprehensive insights into pediatric obesity
    Yong Hee Hong
    Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2024; 41(3): 139.     CrossRef
Review articles
Pediatric headache: a narrative review
Saeyoon Kim
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(4):278-284.   Published online September 14, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00528
  • 5,367 View
  • 156 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Headache is one of the most common neurological disorders in children and adults and can cause significant distress and disability in children and their families. The spectrum of pediatric headaches is broad, and the underlying etiology is variable. The symptoms and phenotypes of headaches in children may differ slightly from those in adults. It is important to have a good understanding of headaches in children and to distinguish between primary and secondary headaches through appropriate history assessment and neurological examination. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate drug selection are helpful for effective treatment. This article reviews headaches in children and adolescents, focusing on approaches for diagnosis and management.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Exploring downstream effects of gender roles in healthcare decision-making and relationships within systems: A cross-sectional analysis of openness to treatment in pediatric headache
    Zoë Schefter, Allison M. Smith
    Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2024; 179: 111611.     CrossRef
  • Occipital nerve stimulation in pediatric patients with refractory occipital neuralgia
    James Mossner, Nour B. Saleh, Maryam N. Shahin, Joshua M. Rosenow, Jeffrey S. Raskin
    Child's Nervous System.2024; 40(8): 2465.     CrossRef
  • MRT bei kindlichen Kopfschmerzen
    Rebecca Marie Anders, Christian Roth
    Kinder- und Jugendmedizin.2024; 24(04): 296.     CrossRef
  • An Evaluation of Previously Undiagnosed Childhood Primary Headache Cases Through Their EEG and MR Findings
    Selcan Öztürk, Erdal Komut
    The Journal of Pediatric Research.2024; : 129.     CrossRef
  • The Photo- and Phonosensitivity Avoidance Behavior Scales: Evaluating Clinical Utility in Pediatric Primary Chronic Headache
    Allison M. Smith, Megan N. Silvia, Hannah Rogan, Alyssa A. Lebel
    Children.2024; 11(11): 1338.     CrossRef
  • Multivariate prediction of long COVID headache in adolescents using gray matter structural MRI features
    Minhoe Kim, Sunkyung Sim, Jaeseok Yang, Minchul Kim
    Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Home mechanical ventilation in children with chronic respiratory failure: a narrative review
Soyoung Kwak
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(2):123-135.   Published online May 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00227
  • 5,473 View
  • 246 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Advances in perinatal and pediatric intensive care and recent advances in mechanical ventilation during the last two decades have resulted in an exponential increase in the number of children undergoing home mechanical ventilation (HMV) treatment. Although its efficacy in chronic respiratory failure is well established, HMV in children is more complex than that in adults, and there are more considerations. This review outlines clinical considerations for HMV in children. The goal of HMV in children is not only to correct alveolar hypoventilation but also to maximize development as much as possible. The modes of ventilation and ventilator settings, including ventilation masks, tubing, circuits, humidification, and ventilator parameters, should be tailored to the patient’s individual characteristics. To ensure effective HMV, education for the parent and caregiver is important. HMV continues to change the scope of treatment for chronic respiratory failure in children in that it decreases respiratory morbidity and prolongs life spans. Further studies on this topic with larger scale and systemic approach are required to ensure the better outcomes in this population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The follow‐up of children on home invasive mechanical ventilation after hospital discharge
    Halime Nayır Büyükşahin, Ebru Yalcın
    Pediatric Pulmonology.2024; 59(8): 2145.     CrossRef
  • Identifying and managing psychosocial problems in children on home invasive mechanical ventilation
    Gizem Özcan, Nazan Çobanoğlu
    Pediatric Pulmonology.2024; 59(8): 2149.     CrossRef
  • Management of gastrointestinal and nutritional problems in children on home invasive mechanical ventilation
    Ceyda Tuna Kirsaçlioğlu
    Pediatric Pulmonology.2024; 59(8): 2170.     CrossRef
  • Indications and practice of home invasive mechanical ventilation in children
    Secahattin Bayav, Nazan Çobanoğlu
    Pediatric Pulmonology.2024; 59(8): 2210.     CrossRef
  • Rehabilitation in children with home invasive mechanical ventilation
    Aysun Genç, Birkan Sonel Tur
    Pediatric Pulmonology.2024; 59(8): 2203.     CrossRef
  • Transitioning children using home invasive mechanical ventilation from hospital to home: Discharge criteria, disparities, and ethical considerations
    Jennifer Henningfeld, Annie B. Friedrich, Grace Flanagan, Cynthia Griffith, Anna Hughes, Lisa Molkentine, Rebecca Steuart, Stuart Wilkinson, Christopher D. Baker
    Pediatric Pulmonology.2024; 59(8): 2113.     CrossRef
  • Mask interfaces and devices for home noninvasive ventilation in children
    Sonia Khirani, Vivian Ducrot
    Pediatric Pulmonology.2024; 59(6): 1528.     CrossRef
  • Home Mechanical Ventilation in Children: Complications and Benefits—A Two-Year Experience at a Referral Children's Hospital
    Majid Keivanfar, Mahnaz Kheiri, Sharareh Babaie, Mohsen Reisi
    Iranian Journal of Pediatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mapping health-related quality of life of children and families receiving pediatric invasive home mechanical ventilation: a scoping review protocol
    Keisha White Makinde, Maysara Mitchell, Alexandra F. Merz, Michael Youssef
    Systematic Reviews.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The journey to home for children using home mechanical ventilation
    Eunju Ha
    Archives of Pediatric Critical Care.2024; 2(2): 33.     CrossRef
Case reports
Successful treatment with vedolizumab in an adolescent with Crohn disease who had developed active pulmonary tuberculosis while receiving infliximab
Sujin Choi, Bong Seok Choi, Byung-Ho Choe, Ben Kang
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(3):251-257.   Published online February 19, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00878
  • 6,157 View
  • 142 Download
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Vedolizumab (VDZ) has been approved for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in patients aged ≥18 years. We report a case of a pediatric patient with Crohn disease (CD) who was successfully treated with VDZ. A 16-year-old female developed severe active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) during treatment with infliximab (IFX). IFX was stopped, and TB treatment was started. After a 6-month regimen of standard TB medication, her pulmonary TB was cured; however, gastrointestinal symptoms developed. Due to the concern of the patient and parents regarding TB reactivation on restarting treatment with IFX, VDZ was started off-label. After the second dose of VDZ, the patient was in clinical remission and her remission was continuously sustained. Ileocolonoscopy at 1-year after VDZ initiation revealed endoscopic healing. Therapeutic drug monitoring conducted during VDZ treatment showed negative antibodies to VDZ. No serious adverse events occurred during the VDZ treatment. This is the first case report in Korea demonstrating the safe and effective use of VDZ treatment in a pediatric CD patient. In cases that require recommencement of treatment with biologics after recovery of active pulmonary TB caused by anti-tumor necrosis factor agents, VDZ may be a good option even in pediatric IBD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The safety of vedolizumab in a patient with Crohn’s disease who developed anti-TNF-alpha agent associated latent tuberculosis infection reactivation: A case report
    Yuya Sugiyama, Nobuhiro Ueno, Shion Tachibana, Yu Kobayashi, Yuki Murakami, Takahiro Sasaki, Aki Sakatani, Keitaro Takahashi, Katsuyoshi Ando, Shin Kashima, Kentaro Moriichi, Hiroki Tanabe, Toshikatsu Okumura, Mikihiro Fujiya
    Medicine.2023; 102(28): e34331.     CrossRef
  • Vedolizumab Is Safe and Efficacious for the Treatment of Pediatric-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Who Fail a Primary Biologic Agent
    Sujin Choi, Eun Sil Kim, Yiyoung Kwon, Mi Jin Kim, Yon Ho Choe, Byung-Ho Choe, Ben Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
Delayed treatment-free response after romiplostim discontinuation in pediatric chronic immune thrombocytopenia
Hyun Ji Lim, Young Tae Lim, Jeong Ok Hah, Jae Min Lee
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(2):165-168.   Published online August 7, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00493
  • 6,025 View
  • 140 Download
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
We report the case of a 16-month-old patient with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patient who experienced delayed treatment-free response (TFR) after romiplostim treatment. He received intravenous immunoglobulin every month to maintain a platelet count above 20,000/μL for 2 years. Thereafter, he received rituximab and cyclosporine as second-line therapy, with no response, followed by romiplostim. After 4 weeks of treatment, the platelet count was maintained above 50,000/μL. Following 7 months of treatment, he discontinued romiplostim, and the platelet count decreased. His platelet counts remained above 50,000/μL, without any bleeding symptoms, 2 years after romiplostim discontinuation. This is the first report of TFR after romiplostim treatment in pediatric chronic ITP.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Tapering and Sustained Remission of Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists (TPO-RAs): Is it Time for Paediatric ITP?
    Susana Marcos-Peña, Beatriz Fernández-Pernia, Drew Provan, Tomás José González-López
    Advances in Therapy.2024; 41(10): 3771.     CrossRef
  • A cost–utility analysis of thrombopoietin receptor agonists for treating pediatric immune thrombocytopenia purpura after failure of first‐line therapies
    Huimin Du, Jiamin Wang, Joel Livingston, Ziyad Alrajhi, Melanie Kirby‐Allen, Brian Chan, Rebecca Hancock‐Howard, Peter C. Coyte
    Pediatric Blood & Cancer.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Generic romiplostim for children with persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia: Experience from a tertiary care centre in North India
    Chandana Mareddy, Manas Kalra, Anupam Sachdeva
    British Journal of Haematology.2022; 197(5): 618.     CrossRef
  • Tapering of the thrombopoietin receptor agonist in paediatric patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia: Is it possible?
    María Solsona, Rubén Berrueco, Elena Sebastián, Áurea Cervera, Ana Sastre, Itziar Astigarraga, Bienvenida Argilés, María Ángeles Dasí, José Luís Dapena, Emilio Monteagudo
    British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.2022; 88(9): 4220.     CrossRef
Original article
Evaluation of craniofacial morphology in short-statured children: growth hormone deficiency versus idiopathic short stature
Ki Bong Kim, Eun-Kyong Kim, Kyung Mi Jang, Min Seon Kim, Eun Young Park
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(1):47-52.   Published online July 7, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00325
  • 6,660 View
  • 92 Download
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Short stature is defined as a height below the 3rd percentile or more than two standard deviations below the mean for a given age, sex, and population. There have been inconsistent results regarding craniofacial morphology in short-statured children. This study aimed to analyze the differences between short-statured children with growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short-statured children, and normal children.
Methods
Thirty-one short-statured children with growth hormone deficiency, 32 idiopathic short-statured children, and 32 healthy children were enrolled in this study. The measurements of their craniofacial structures from lateral cephalograms were evaluated.
Results
There were statistically significant differences among the three groups seven variables (anterior cranial base length, posterior cranial base length, total cranial base length, upper posterior facial height, posterior total facial height, mandibular ramus length, and overall mandibular length) in the linear measurement and five variables (saddle angle, gonial angle, mandibular plane angle, position of mandible, and maxilla versus mandible) in the angular measurement.
Conclusion
Compared to the control group, many linear and angular measurements of the craniofacial structures were significantly different in the two short-statured groups (p<0.05). Treatment plans by orthodontists should include these craniofacial structure characteristics.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Dental arches in inherited severe isolated growth hormone deficiency
    Rafaela S. Girão, Manuel H. Aguiar-Oliveira, Bruna M.R. Andrade, Marcos A.V. Bittencourt, Roberto Salvatori, Evânio V. Silva, André L.M. Santos, Matheus M. Cunha, Wilton M. Takeshita, Alaíde H.A. Oliveira, Eugênia H.O. Valença, Alécia A. Oliveira-Santos,
    Growth Hormone & IGF Research.2022; 62: 101444.     CrossRef
  • Sella turcica dimensions and maxillary growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate
    Gregory S. Antonarakis, Luis Huanca Ghislanzoni, David M. Fisher
    Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2022; 123(6): e916.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Implications of Growth Hormone Deficiency for Oral Health in Children: A Systematic Review
    Natalia Torlińska-Walkowiak, Katarzyna Anna Majewska, Andrzej Kędzia, Justyna Opydo-Szymaczek
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(16): 3733.     CrossRef
  • A Clinical Study on the Treatment of Children’s Short Stature with Auxiliary Comprehensive Management Combined with Growth Patch
    Haiying Feng, Weizhu Zhao, Huijun Yu, Guanfu Wang, Qunhong Wang, Songwen Tan
    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
Case Reports
Colchicine for steroid-resistant recurrent pericarditis in a child
Ju Hee Shin, Dong Hyun Lee, Hee Joung Choi
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2018;35(2):222-226.   Published online December 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2018.35.2.222
  • 5,878 View
  • 85 Download
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Recurrent pericarditis is rare in children and is considered idiopathic in most cases. Its course is chronic, and preventing recurrences is important for the patient’s quality of life. Although a treatment strategy in pediatric recurrent pericarditis has not yet been established, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most common treatment for management of this condition, followed by corticosteroids, colchicine, immunosuppressive agents, immunoglobulins, and interleukin-1β receptor antagonists (e.g. anakinra). Herein, we report a case of recurrent pericarditis with pericardial effusion in a 5-year-old child who presented with fever and epigastric pain. He responded poorly to NSAIDs and corticosteroid therapy, but was successfully treated with colchicine.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Anakinra in idiopathic recurrent pericarditis: a comprehensive case series and literature review
    Zeynep Toker Dincer, Sejla Karup, Erkin Yilmaz, Osman Corbali, Feyza Nur Azman, Melike Melikoglu, Serdal Ugurlu
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie.2024; 83(7): 587.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and Safety of Colchicine in Pediatric Pericarditis: A Systematic Review and Future Directions
    Mohammed Alsabri, Sarah Makram Elsayed, Ahmed Bostamy Elsnhory, Khaled Abouelmagd, Mohammed Ayyad, Basel F. Alqeeq, Abdelmonem Siddiq, Yousef Soliman, Muhammad Azan Shahid
    Pediatric Cardiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pediatric Pericarditis: Update
    Rida Shahid, Justin Jin, Kyle Hope, Hari Tunuguntla, Shahnawaz Amdani
    Current Cardiology Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of Systemic Steroid Administration on Recurrence of Pericardial Effusion in Pediatric Patients After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
    Kieran Leong, Martha E. Heal, John L. Bass, Varun Aggarwal, Shanti Narasimhan, Ashish Gupta, Gurumurthy Hiremath
    Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology.2020; 42(4): 256.     CrossRef
Successful difficult airway management using GlideScope video laryngoscope in a child with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
Sang-Jin Park, Eun Kyung Choi, Suyong Park, Kunjin Bae, Deokhee Lee
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2018;35(2):219-221.   Published online December 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2018.35.2.219
  • 5,437 View
  • 52 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Management of airway in a child with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) should be given due consideration because most of them have the problems related to difficult airway. The GlideScope video laryngoscope can be attempted during routine intubation, however it is mostly used in case of difficulty. With adequate preoperative airway assessment, we used the pediatric video laryngoscope as useful alternative airway device in a child with CdLS and orotracheal intubation proceeded uneventfully.
Original Articles
Clinical characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infections according to respiratory viruses in hospitalized children without underlying disease during the last 3 years
Min Hae Seo, Hyung Young Kim, Tae Min Um, Hye Young Kim, Hee Ju Park
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2017;34(2):182-190.   Published online December 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2017.34.2.182
  • 2,656 View
  • 28 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Respiratory viruses play a significant role in the etiology of acute respiratory infections and exacerbation of chronic respiratory illnesses. This study was conducted to identify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with acute viral lower respiratory infections. METHODS: This study investigated 1,168 children diagnosed with acute viral lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) between January 2012 and December 2014. Specimens of respiratory viruses were collected using a nasopharyngeal swab and analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the clinical features of children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory infections. RESULTS: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the main cause of infection in children aged <5 years, was the most commonly detected pathogen in children with bronchiolitis and pneumonia, and resulted in high proportions of children requiring oxygen treatment and intensive care unit admission. Rhinovirus was preceded by RSV as the second most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia, and was detected most frequently in the children aged ≥6 years. In addition, asthma was predominantly caused by rhinovirus in children aged ≥6 years, whereas croup was mostly caused by parainfluenza virus in those aged <5 years. Rhinovirus infection (p < 0.001) and history of asthma (p=0.049) were identified as significant risk factors for readmission within a month. CONCLUSION: We identified the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory infections during the last 3 years. Our findings may provide useful clinical insight to comprehend the acute viral lower RTIs in children.
Clinical features according to chest radiologic patterns of Mycoplasma pneumonia in children.
Young Hyun Kim, Jin Hyeon Kim, Sae Yoon Kim, Young Hwan Lee
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2016;33(2):98-104.   Published online December 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2016.33.2.98
  • 2,295 View
  • 14 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Clinical differences in Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) in children and adolescent patients according to abnormal infiltrate patterns on the chest X-ray were compared. METHODS: From 2012 to 2015, patients (n=336) diagnosed with MP at Yeungnam University Medical Center have been classified as eiher lobar pneumonia or bronchopneumonia based on the infilterate patterns observed on chest X-ray. Cases were analyzed retrospectively for gender, age, seasonal incidence rate, main symptoms (fever duration, extrapulmonary symptoms), and laboratory results, including white blood cell count, hemoglobin, platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), as well as concurrent respiratory virus infection. RESULTS: The following results were observed. First, lobar pneumonia affected 22.0% of all MP patients and was the most common in preschool children, with a high incidence rate in November and December. Second, lobar pneumonia had a longer fever duration than bronchopneumonia (p<0.001), and also showed significantly higher platelets (336.8 vs. 299.1 k/µL, p=0.026), ESR(46.3 vs. 26.0mm/hr, p<0.001) and CRP (4.86 vs. 2.18mg/dL, p=0.001). Third, viral co-infection was more common in bronchopneumonia (p=0.017), affecting 66.7% of infants and toddlers (p=0.034). Finaly, lobar consolidation was most common in both lower lobes. CONCLUSION: MP in children has increased in younger age groups, and the rate of lobar pneumonia with severe clinical symptoms is higher in older children.
Urinary tract infections in pediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia.
Kyoo Hyun Suh, Sun Young Park, Sae Yoon Kim, Jae Min Lee
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2016;33(2):105-111.   Published online December 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2016.33.2.105
  • 2,575 View
  • 20 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Neutropenic fever is one of the most common and potentially severe complications of chemotherapy in pediatric oncology patients, while urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent bacterial infections in these patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate features of UTI with neutropenic fever in pediatric oncology patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the medical records, laboratory results and image findings of cases of neutropenic fever in the Department of Pediatrics of Yeungnam University Medical Center, South Korea between November 2013 and May 2015. Episodes were divided into two groups, UTI vs. non-UTI group according to the results of urine culture. The results were then compared between groups. The analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 23.0. A p-value <0.05 was considered to indicate a significant difference between groups. RESULTS: Overall, 112 episodes of neutropenic fever were analyzed, among which 22 episodes (19.6%) showed organisms on urine culture and were classified as UTI. The remaining 90 episodes were classified as non-UTI. Only four episodes (18.2%) of the UTI group showed pyuria on urine analysis. In the UTI group, 76.5% were sensitive to the first line antibiotics and showed higher clinical response than the non-UTI group. Among hematologic malignancy patients, the UTI group revealed higher serum β 2-microglobulin levels than the non-UTI group (1.56±0.43 mg/L vs. 1.2±0.43 mg/L, p<0.028). CONCLUSION: UTI in pediatric neutropenic fever responds well to antibiotics. Hematologic malignancy cases with UTI reveal increased serum β2-microglobulin level. These results will be helpful to early phase diagnosis of UTI.
Presumptive Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children.
Chang Eon Lee, Su Jin Park, Won Duck Kim
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2012;29(2):89-95.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2012.29.2.89
  • 2,255 View
  • 7 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
As Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia has increased in Korea, its relevance to infants, toddlers, and adolescents has magnified as well as. However, it is difficult to perform the serological test and PCR test routinely for diagnosis in actual clinical practice. Thus, the authors conducted this study to help clinicians do presumptive diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia using clinical, radiological, and hematological findings. METHODS: The study population consisted of 224 children between 1 month and 14 years old, hospitalized for radiographically confirmed pneumonia. Patients were divided into two groups of 100 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, as diagnosed using the ELISA method. Groups with negative result in Mycoplasma IgM antibody test were classified into the viral group (98 patients with respiratory virus) and the bacterial group (46 patients with the bacteria detected in the blood sputum culture or antibiotic treatment except macrolide improved the patient's condition). These groups were compared and analyzed using clinical, hematological,and radiographic differences and scoring system. RESULTS: Clinical, hematological, and radiographic characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia have shown the intermediate level results between bacterial pneumonia and viral pneumonia. In terms of scoring system, the mean score of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia was 4.23, which was the intermediate level between bacterial pneumonia (mean score=6.67) and viral pneumonia (mean score=1.48). CONCLUSION: Results suggest that the combination of the scoring system information can increase the accuracy in the diagnosis even if they may have difficulties on diagnosis, because clinical manifestations, hematological, and radiographic findings are nonspecific.
Review
Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Childhood.
Kwang Hae Choi
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2012;29(2):73-76.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2012.29.2.73
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  • 11 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
More and more children are becoming obese and overweight due to several factors that include a high energy density in the diet (a high fat intake) and low energy expenditure. Consequently childhood obesity is becoming a significant health problem. Fat tissue releases many cytokines such as resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, interleukin-6. These adipocytokines induce obesity-related insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a key component of obesity-related metabolic problems such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, acanthosis nigricans and polycystic ovarian syndrome. This review article focused on insulin resistance and its related metabolic diseases.
Original Article
Chemokines Expression in Children with a Non-productive Cough.
Young Hwan Lee, Hee Sun Kim
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2):129-136.   Published online December 31, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2.129
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AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE: To evaluate the chemokine expression in children with a non-productive cough. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six children with a non-productive cough who visited Yeungnam University Hospital were evaluated for the mRNA expression of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10(IP-10), macrophage cationic protein 1 and 3 (MCP-1, 3), interleukin (IL)-8, regulated upon activation in normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin and growth-related oncogene-alpha (Gro-alpha) using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The chemokines IP-10 and MCP-3 were expressed in all samples. The chemokine RANTES was expressed in five cases, and IL-8 was expressed in three among them. However, eotaxin, Gro-alpha and MCP-1 were not expressed at all. The expression of chemokine MCP-3, RANTES and IL-8 were suppressed after the resolution of coughing in just one available case. CONCLUSION: The chemokines MCP-3, RANTES and IL-8 may contribute to airway inflammation in children with a non-productive cough, whereas IP-10 is of secondary importance in this condition.
Case Report
One Case of Lupus Nephritis Flare in Child During Tapering the Steroid
Jung Youn Choi, Yong Hoon Park
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S755-760.   Published online December 31, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S755
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  • 1 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystemic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Hematologic abnormality is more frequent and the frequency of using high dose steroid and immunosuppressant as treatment is higher in children, because the number of involved major organ is numerous and the disease progress is often rapid in the SLE of children. We reported an experience of lupus nephritis flare after tapering the steroid in 9 years old boy who was diagnosed focal proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Review Article
Clinical Manifestation and Psychopharmacotherpy of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder
Wan Seok Seo
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S252-261.   Published online December 31, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S252
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Pediatric bipolar disorder(BD) is one of the significant psychiatric health problems, which begins in childhood, has chronic persisting clinical course and leads impairs academic, occupational and legal problems of the patients. Fortunately, there has been increasing recognition of pediatric bipolar disorder during the past 10 years, even there are still controversy about clinical features and diagnosis. The clinical presentation of pediatric BD is greatly different to classic BD, relatively higher percentage of mixed, rapid cycling subtypes, not episodic and chronic lasting nature. In addition, pediatric BD has many comorbid psychiatric conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorder and that makes more difficult to treat the patients with pediatric BD. To reduce confusion about diagnosis, the National Institute of Mental Health Research Roundtable divided pediatric BD into narrow and broad phenotype. 1) Given the paucity of medication trial studies of pediatric BD, no psychotrophic medications have been approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration, except lithium. There have been a few open trials and retrospective chart reviews on the efficacy and side effects of mood stabilizers, anticonvulsants and atypical antipsychotics. More short and long-term randomized, double blind, well controlled trials of medication for pediatric BD are needed.
Original Articles
The Comparison of Intelligence Efficacy According to Methylphenidate Administration in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) Patients.
Hyung Bae Park, Dae Seok Bai, Jeong Sang Ha, Wan Seok Seo, Chang Jin Song
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2001;18(2):253-266.   Published online December 31, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2001.18.2.253
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BACKGROUND
The causes of ADHD(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are various, it is impossible to understand the whole characteristics of ADHD, only with simple intellignece testing scales. We compared cognitive characteristics of ADHD group with normal controls with Korean Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children(K-ABC), It is well known to evaluate neuropsychological and cognitive aspects of the children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Age and sex matched 40 ADHD patients and 40 normal controls tested with the K-ABC. Each subscales compared between pre-treatment patients and controls, pre-treatment and post-treatment in patient group, post-treatment patients and controls. RESULTS: Significant differences are ovserved in sequential processing, simultaneous processing, cognitive processing and achievement between pre-treatment patients and controls, and in gestalt closure between pre-treatment and post-treatment patients group. But there are no significant differences between pre-treatment patients and controls in gestalt closure and reading/decoding. CONCLUSIONS: Methylphenidate improved the scores of simultaneous scale, which means improvement of executive functions such as divided attention, analysis and organization. Methylphenidate also reduced distractibility.
The Development of the Korean Form of Childhoood Attention Problem(CAP) Scale: A Study on the Reliability and Validity.
Wan Seok Seo, Jong Bum Lee, Hyung Bae Park, Hyea Soo Suh, Kwang Hun Lee, Jeong Kyn Sakong
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):123-136.   Published online June 30, 1997
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.123
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The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a Korean form of Childhood Attention Problem(CAP) scale. CAP were administered to 98 normal elementary school students as control group and 98 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients. Male students showed high scores than female students in both subscale and total scores, but not statistically significant. There were no significant difference in CAP scale between male students and female students in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients. In the reliability test, the test-retest reliability coefficient was highly satisfactory and that of inattention subscale was 0.83, impulsivity subscale was 0.70 and total score was 0.82. In the reliability test by internal consistency, the Cronbach a coefficient was highly satisfactory and that of inattention subscale was 0.91, overactivity subscale was 0.89(p<0.05). The concurrent validity between CAP scale and ADDES-HV scale was 0.85 in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patient group and 0.73 in normal control group(p<0.05). In discriminant validity test between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patient group and normal control group, the patient group showed higher score(p<0.05). The total discriminant capacity of the patient group in CAP was 93.4%. In this point of view, CAP scale showed high reliability and validity in applying to Korean subjects and was proved to be the good and simple screening test tool for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder research and can help many young patient to treat early.
The comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the effect of methylphenidate on it.
Jong Bum Lee, Hyung Bae Park
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1993;10(1):166-178.   Published online June 30, 1993
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1993.10.1.166
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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of methylphenidate on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the comorbidity of the disorder, using child attention problem checklist to .56 (male : 38, female : 18) patients from. March 992 to February 1993. The results were as follows: Among 56 subjects, ADHD alone were 20 (335.71%) subjects, and with one additional diagnosis were 31 (55.35%) subjects and with two additional diagnosis were 5 (8.93%) subjects. There was significant improvement on symptoms in the scores rated by teachers in 7th and 28th day after mentylphenidate administration compared to baseline score (P<0.05) and 28th day score showed significant improvement compared to. 7th day score (P<0.05) and 28th day score showed significant improvement compared to 7th day score (P<0.05). There was significant improvment on symptoms in the scores rated by parents in 28th day after methylphenidate administration improvement compared with 7th day score. In single administration of methylphenidate in Sunday morning score compared to afternoon score (P<0.05). In the administration of significant improvement on symptoms compared with the Sunday morning rating score of parents (P<0.05) and the 28th day comparison was also showed significant improvement on symptoms in the scores rated by teachers compared with the scores rated by parents on symptoms (P<0.05). Among group comparison, all groups showed significant improvements (P<0.05) except conduct disorder & oppositional defiant group.
Lead level in hair of elementary school children in urban and rural areas.
Yung Woo Byun, Jun Sakong, Chang Yoon Kim, Jong Hak Chung
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1993;10(1):103-113.   Published online June 30, 1993
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1993.10.1.103
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This study was conducted to explore the feasibility of using the lead level in the hair of children as a screening test for lead intoxication of children and as an indicator for environmental pollution. Lead concentration of hair was measured for 268 seven to nine-year-old elementary school children in Taegu city (147 children) and Gampo. town(121 children). The lead level in hair was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a graphite furnace atomizer. The following information was obtained for all children : sex, age, father's occupation and smoking habits, kinds of hair cleaner, fingernail biting habits, and status of the child's hands and clothing. The mean lead level in hair was 8.7+/-2-9 microg/g in the urban area and 7.7+/-2.2 pg/g in the rural area. There were significant differences between two groups(p(0.01). The difference of lead levels in hair measured by cleanliness of the child's hands (clean : 7.4+/- 2.7 pg/g, dirty : 8.2+/- 2.6 pg/g) and child's clothing(clean : 8.0+/- 2.5 microg/g, dirty : 9.3+/- 2.6 microg/g) were statistically significant, but other factors were not significant. In multiple regression analysis, difference of residency and age were significant variables for lead level in the hair of children. These findings suggest that measurement of lead level in the hair is a useful method for the screening of the lead intoxication of children and monitoring environmental conditions.
A clinical study on children with delayed language development.
Jeong Ho Kim, Han Ku Moon, Jeong Ok Hah
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):24-34.   Published online December 31, 1991
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.24
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Delayed emergence of speech or language are frequent causes for concern about development during early childhood. Delay in evaluation and proper management until school entry in more likely to result in frustration, anxiety and school failure. Many language disturbances and their attendant behavior disorders respond to intensive language therapy. Authors analyzed the medical records of 52 children with delayed language development evaluated during 30 months from January 1986 through June 1988. The results were as follows: 1. The majority of cases were evaluated at the age of 2-2.9 year old (16 cases, 30.8%) and 3-3.9 year old (11 cases, 21.2%) 2. Male to female ratio was 3:1 3. The most common cause was mental retardation (53.8%), followed by developmental language disorder (23.1%) and autism (13.5%) 4. The most common associated condition was dysarticulation (17.3%), followed by strabismus (9.6%) and seizures (7.7%) 5. Special education was recommended in cases of 23 (44.2%), speech therapy in 12 cases (23.1%) and consultation to child psychiatry in 7 cases (13.5%) Making diagnosis of underlying disorders in not simple because assessment of intelligence in young children in difficult and only a few tests are standardized. More detailed study on children with delayed language development and development of psychometric tests for handicapped children are necessary, especially in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The usefulness of diagnostic tests in children with language delay
    Seung Taek Oh, Eun Sil Lee, Han Ku Moon
    Korean Journal of Pediatrics.2009; 52(3): 289.     CrossRef
Electrocardiographic Findings in School Children.
Jae Honng Park, Jin Gon Jun, Jeong Lan Kim
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1987;4(2):23-27.   Published online December 31, 1987
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1987.4.2.23
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Mass electrocardiographic (ECG) examination was performed on 13,801 children (male 7,526 and female 6,275) of elementary and middle school in Taegu from May 1. 1986. to April 30. 1987. We read their ECG according to the “pediatric Electrocardiography”1) The results were as following: The incidence of ECG abnormality was 1.05% (male 1.3% and female 0.75%). Fifty eight children (0.42%) had atrial and ventricular hypertrophy; two right atrial hypertrophy, five left atrial hypertrophy, thirty five right ventricular hypertrophy and sixteen left ventricular hypertrophy respectively. Ectopic beats occurred in 25 children (0.18%); They were atrial in 12 children, ventricular in 8 children and junctional in 5 children. There were 62 children (0.45%) of conduction disturbance; They were first degree atrioventricular (A-V) block in 21 children, type I second degree A-V block in 1 child, A-V dissociation in 1 child, right, right bundle branch block in 36 children, left bundle branch block in 1 child and WPW syndrome in 2 children. Nonspecific ST, T changes and sinus tachycardia were found in 3 and one children respectively.
Clinical Investigation of Childhood Epilepsy.
Han Ku Moon, Yong Hoon Park
Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1985;2(1):103-111.   Published online December 31, 1985
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1985.2.1.103
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Childhood epilepsy which has high prevalence rate and inception rate is one of the commonest problem encountered in pediatrician. In contrast with epilepsy of adult, in childhood epilepsy, more variable and varying manifestations are found because the factors of age, growth and development exert their influences in the manifestations and the courses of childhood epilepsy. Moreover epilepsy children have associated problems such as physical and mental handicaps, psychological disorders and learning disability. For these reasons pediatrician who deals with epileptic children experiences difficulties in making diagnosis and managing them. In order to improve understanding and management of childhood epilepsy, authors reviewed 103 cases of epileptic patients seen at pediatric department of Yeungnam University Hospital retrospectively. The patients were classified according to the type of epileptic seizure. Suspected causes of epilepsy, associated conditions of epileptic patients, age incidence and the findings of brain CT were reviewed. Large numbers of epileptic patients (61.2%) developed their first seizures under the age of 5. The most frequent type of epileptic seizure was generalized tonic-clonic, tonic, clonic seizure (49.5%), followed by simple partial seizure with secondary generalization (17.5%), simple partial seizure (7.8%), atypical absence (5.8%) and unclassified seizure (5.8%). In 83.5% of patients, we could not find specific cause of it, but in 16.5% of cases, history of neonatal hypoxia (4.9%), meningitis (3.9%), prematurity (1.9%), small for gestational age (1.0%), CO poisoning (1.0%), encephalopathy (1.0%) were found. 30 cases of patients had associated diseases such as mental retardation, hyperactivity, delayed motor milestones or their combinations. The major abnormal findings of brain CT performed in 42 cases were cortical atrophy, cerebral infarction, hydrocephalus and brain swelling. This review stressed better designed classification of epilepsy is needed and with promotion of medical care, prevention of epilepsy is possible in some cases. Also it is stressed that childhood epilepsy requires multidisciplinary therapy and brain CT is helpful in the evaluation of epilepsy with limitation in therapeutic aspects.

JYMS : Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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