Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Review article

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Screening and treatment of endocrine hypertension focusing on adrenal gland disorders: a narrative review: Seung Min Chung; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(4):269-278. Published online September 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00752

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Most cases of high blood pressure have no identifiable cause, termed essential hypertension; however, in approximately 15% of cases, hypertension occurs due to secondary causes. Primary aldosteronism (PA) and pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are representative endocrine hypertensive diseases. The differentiation of endocrine hypertension provides an opportunity to cure and prevent target organ damage. PA is the most common cause of secondary hypertension, which significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease compared to essential hypertension; thus, patients with clinical manifestations suggestive of secondary hypertension should be screened for PA. PPGL are rare but can be fatal when misdiagnosed. PPGL are the most common hereditary endocrine tumors; therefore, genetic testing using next-generation sequencing panels is recommended. Herein, we aimed to summarize the characteristic clinical symptoms of PA and PPGL and when and how diagnostic tests and treatment strategies should be performed.

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PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA AND PARAGANGLIOMA: CLINICAL PICTURE, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, FOLLOW-UP AND PROGNOSIS - A LITERATURE REVIEW
Dominika Żyła, Kornelia Rojek, Andrzej Zuzak, Katarzyna Zych, Sylwia Koziej, Adam Jakubas, Mateusz Korga, Milena Krawczyk
International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Case reports

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
A 32-year-old man with plexiform schwannoma of the thyroid gland: a case report: Il Rae Park, Min Chong Kim, Seung Min Chung, Si Youn Song; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(4):312-317. Published online September 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00556

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Abstract PDF

Plexiform schwannomas representing a rare subset, comprise 5% of all schwannomas. However, their occurrence in the thyroid gland is exceptionally rare. A 32-year-old male presented with an incidentally discovered, asymptomatic thyroid mass. Imaging revealed an approximately 5 cm heterogeneous solid mass on the right thyroid lobe extending to the upper mediastinum and directly invading the upper trachea. Under the suspicion of thyroid malignancy, the patient underwent right thyroidectomy. Histological examination confirmed a plexiform schwannoma with S100-positive spindle cells. Currently, the patient is undergoing outpatient follow-up, with no reported complications. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of plexiform schwannoma of the thyroid gland within the English literature. This case highlights the diverse and unpredictable clinical manifestations of thyroid masses, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosing and managing rare entities, such as thyroid gland schwannomas.

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Plexiform Schwannoma Over the Anterior Chest Wall: A Clinicopathological Review
Debojyoti Sasmal, Saswata Barenya, Hinglaj Saha, Pankaj Kumar Halder
Amrita Journal of Medicine.2025; 21(2): 95. CrossRef

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Interleukin-6-producing paraganglioma as a rare cause of systemic inflammatory response syndrome: a case report: Yin Young Lee, Seung Min Chung; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):435-441. Published online March 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00766

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Abstract PDF

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) may secrete hormones or bioactive neuropeptides such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), which can mask the clinical manifestations of catecholamine hypersecretion. We report the case of a patient with delayed diagnosis of paraganglioma due to the development of IL-6-mediated systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A 58-year-old woman presented with dyspnea and flank pain accompanied by SIRS and acute cardiac, kidney, and liver injuries. A left paravertebral mass was incidentally observed on abdominal computed tomography (CT). Biochemical tests revealed increased 24-hour urinary metanephrine (2.12 mg/day), plasma norepinephrine (1,588 pg/mL), plasma normetanephrine (2.27 nmol/L), and IL-6 (16.5 pg/mL) levels. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/CT showed increased uptake of FDG in the left paravertebral mass without metastases. The patient was finally diagnosed with functional paraganglioma crisis. The precipitating factor was unclear, but phendimetrazine tartrate, a norepinephrine-dopamine release drug that the patient regularly took, might have stimulated the paraganglioma. The patient’s body temperature and blood pressure were well controlled after alpha-blocker administration, and the retroperitoneal mass was surgically resected successfully. After surgery, the patient’s inflammatory, cardiac, renal, and hepatic biomarkers and catecholamine levels improved. In conclusion, our report emphasizes the importance of IL-6-producing PPGLs in the differential diagnosis of SIRS.

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PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA AND PARAGANGLIOMA: CLINICAL PICTURE, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, FOLLOW-UP AND PROGNOSIS - A LITERATURE REVIEW
Dominika Żyła, Kornelia Rojek, Andrzej Zuzak, Katarzyna Zych, Sylwia Koziej, Adam Jakubas, Mateusz Korga, Milena Krawczyk
International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Screening and treatment of endocrine hypertension focusing on adrenal gland disorders: a narrative review
Seung Min Chung
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2024; 41(4): 269. CrossRef

Original article

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Risk factors affecting amputation in diabetic foot: Jun Ho Lee, Ji Sung Yoon, Hyoung Woo Lee, Kyu Chang Won, Jun Sung Moon, Seung Min Chung, Yin Young Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2020;37(4):314-320. Published online May 6, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00129

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Abstract PDF

Background
A diabetic foot is the most common cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations (LEA). The study seeks to assess the risk factors of amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).
Methods
The study was conducted on 351 patients with DFUs from January 2010 to December 2018. Their demographic characteristics, disease history, laboratory data, ankle-brachial index, Wagner classification, osteomyelitis, sarcopenia index, and ulcer sizes were considered as variables to predict outcome. A chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to test the relationship of the data gathered. Additionally, the subjects were divided into two groups based on their amputation surgery.
Results
Out of the 351 subjects, 170 required LEA. The mean age of the subjects was 61 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 15 years; there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of these averages. Osteomyelitis (hazard ratio [HR], 6.164; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.561−10.671), lesion on percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (HR, 2.494; 95% CI, 1.087−5.721), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.981−0.999), ulcer size (HR, 1.247; 95% CI, 1.107−1.405), and forefoot ulcer location (HR, 2.475; 95% CI, 0.224−0.73) were associated with risk of amputation.
Conclusion
Osteomyelitis, peripheral artery disease, chronic kidney disease, ulcer size, and forefoot ulcer location were risk factors for amputation in diabetic foot patients. Further investigation would contribute to the establishment of a diabetic foot risk stratification system for Koreans, allowing for optimal individualized treatment.

Citations

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Sarcopenia Influences Clinical Outcome in Hospitalized Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease Aged 75 Years and Older
Volker H. Schmitt, Lukas Hobohm, Christoph Brochhausen, Christine Espinola-Klein, Philipp Lurz, Thomas Münzel, Omar Hahad, Karsten Keller
Annals of Vascular Surgery.2025; 110: 54. CrossRef
THE PREVALENCE OF ANISOMELIA AND NEUROSENSORY IMPAIRMENT AS RISK FACTORS FOR TROPHIC ULCER FORMATION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS
Anna Ivanova, Oksana Melekhovets
Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal.2025; 13(1): 130. CrossRef
A comprehensive approach to diabetic foot ulcers treatment in patients with anisomelia
A.S. Ivanova, O.K. Melekhovets, I.V. Melekhovets
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine).2025; 21(2): 140. CrossRef
Risk Factors for Amputation Among Patients with Diabetic Foot Disease in a Tertiary Hospital
Anna Colleen Rossi, Francis Pekdasen Solang, Isagani Garin
Philippine Journal of Orthopaedics.2025; 40(3): 36. CrossRef
Efficacy of Chinese and Western Medical Techniques in Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers With Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Lower Leg
Yongchong Chen, Yunzhu Wang, TaiAn Zhang, Chao Meng, Qing Li, Bohui Zhang, Kai Zhang, Chunfang Qin
The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds.2024; 23(1): 70. CrossRef
Classification of foot ulcers in people with diabetes: A systematic review
Matilde Monteiro‐Soares, Emma J. Hamilton, David A. Russell, Gulapar Srisawasdi, Edward J. Boyko, Joseph L. Mills, William Jeffcoate, Fran Game
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Atherogenic markers and 1-year amputation risk in adults with diabetic foot in a tertiary level hospital: A retrospective cohort study
Jerry K. Benites-Meza, Jussara Malo-Castillo, Percy Herrera-Añazco, Vicente A. Benites-Zapata
Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2024; 38(9): 108810. CrossRef
Lower extremity amputation rates in patients with chronic kidney disease: A database study comparing patients with and without diabetes mellitus
Dhruv Nandakumar, Matthew J. Johnson, Lawrence A. Lavery, Benjamin M. Conover, Katherine M. Raspovic, David H. Truong, Dane K. Wukich
Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2024; 38(11): 108876. CrossRef
Analysis of clinical characteristics in patients with diabetic foot ulcers undergoing amputation and establishment of a nomogram prediction model
Tiantian Xu, Lianqi Hu, Banglin Xie, Gendong Huang, Xiaolong Yu, Fengbo Mo, Wei Li, Meisong Zhu
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Survival rate of diabetic-related lower extremity amputees in hospitals in the Eastern Cape
Aviwe S. Mgibantaka, Alfred Musekiwa, Moleen Zunza
African Journal of Disability.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Renal function is highly associated with podiatric risk in diabetic patients
Jean-Baptiste Bonnet, Ilan Szwarc, Antoine Avignon, Sébastien Jugant, Ariane Sultan
Clinical Kidney Journal.2023; 16(11): 2156. CrossRef
Risk factor analysis for diabetic foot ulcer‐related amputation including Controlling Nutritional Status score and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio
Yandan Zhu, Hongtao Xu, Yuzhen Wang, Xia Feng, Xinyu Liang, Liying Xu, Zhiqiang Liang, Zhongjia Xu, Yawen Li, Yi Le, Manchen Zhao, Jianfei Yang, Ji Li, Yemin Cao
International Wound Journal.2023; 20(10): 4050. CrossRef
The association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and prognosis in patients with diabetic foot osteomyelitis
Jinghang Zhang, Dong Chen, Xuemei Li, Min Ding, Jun Xu, Meijun Wang, Bai Chang
International Wound Journal.2022; 19(7): 1650. CrossRef
Renal Function Status in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Having Diabetic Foot Infection and Role of Antibiotics
Shabab Hussain, . Arrham, Syeda Javeriya Saeed, Ahmad Murtaza Anwar, Asif Khan, Saifullah Brohi
Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2022; : 189. CrossRef
Re-understanding and focusing on normoalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease
Na An, Bi-tao Wu, Yu-wei Yang, Zheng-hong Huang, Jia-fu Feng
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The effects of curcumin intake on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Mehrdad Mokhtari, Reza Razzaghi, Mansooreh Momen‐Heravi
Phytotherapy Research.2021; 35(4): 2099. CrossRef
Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Its Association With Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Community-Dwelling Asian Population
Seung Min Chung, Jun Sung Moon, Min Cheol Chang
Frontiers in Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical outcomes among patients with chronic kidney disease hospitalized with diabetic foot disorders: A nationwide retrospective study
Michael Salim
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Diabetic foot infections: Profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates in a tertiary care hospital of Oman
Mohan Bilikallahalli Sannathimmappa, Vinod Nambiar, Rajeev Aravindakshan, Mohammad Saleem Jawad Al Khabori, Asma Hamed Sulaiman Al-Flaiti, Kadhiya Nasser Mohamed Al-Azri, Ali Khamis Saif Al-Reesi, Alya Rashid Mohammad Al Kiyumi
Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Case Report

Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Severe hyponatremia and seizures after bowel preparation with low-volume polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid solution.: Jae Young Lee, Byung Ik Jang, Yoon Jeong Nam, Jay Song, Min Cheol Kim, Seung Min Chung, Jong Geol Jang, Jae Ho Cho; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2015;32(1):55-59.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2015.32.1.55

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Abstract PDF: The widely used polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based solutions have been proven effective for bowel preparation when 4 L of the solution is administered before colonoscopy. However, large volumes of the solutions are generally poorly tolerated. A new PEG-based solution consisting of 2 L of PEG and a high dose of ascorbic acid has recently become available. Electrolyte abnormalities caused by PEG-based solutions have rarely been reported. We report on a case of acute severe hyponatremia with associated generalized tonic-clonic seizures after bowel preparation with a low-volume PEG plus ascorbic acid solution in a 74-year-old woman with no history of seizures. She took a beta blocker, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and glimepiride for hypertension and diabetes mellitus. She showed general weakness, nausea, agitation, muscle cramping, and seizures after ingestion of the PEG plus ascorbic acid solution. Her serum sodium level was 112 mEq/L. Her symptoms improved after intravenous administration of hypertonic saline. Physicians should pay attention to screening for electrolytes and development of neurological symptoms during bowel preparation.

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