Background The association between dental amalgam fillings and urine mercury concentrations was investigated in this study to assess the health risks associated with dental amalgams.
Methods This cross-sectional study included 99 women in their 20s who visited the dental clinic in Daegu, Korea. The 99 participants were composed of 68 subjects who had dental amalgam fillings (exposure group) and 31 subjects who did not have dental amalgam fillings (nonexposure group). Oral examinations were conducted by a single dental hygienist, sociodemographic features were investigated as confounding variables, and urine mercury concentrations were measured using an automatic mercury analyzer.
Results The mean±standard deviation of the urine mercury concentrations of the exposure and nonexposure groups were 1.50±1.78 μg/g creatinine and 0.53±0.63 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The exposure group showed significantly higher levels than the nonexposure group (p<0.01). The urine mercury concentration significantly increased with an increase in the number of teeth filled with amalgam, cavity surfaces involved, and number of defective amalgam fillings, and according to the latest exposure time (p<0.001). In the multiple regression analysis of amalgam-related factors and urine mercury concentrations after correction for confounding factors, the urine mercury concentration in the group with six or more amalgam-filled teeth, 11 or more cavity surfaces, and two or more defective amalgams was significantly higher than that in the nonexposure group (p<0.001).
Conclusion According to this study, exposure to dental amalgams was confirmed to significantly affect urine mercury concentrations.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Correlation between dental amalgam fillings and urinary mercury levels in the Jordanian population: A comparative population-based study Ibrahim Al-Odat, Saad Al-Fawaeir, Naser Odat Journal of Dental Sciences.2026; 21(1): 225. CrossRef
The health impacts of dental amalgam and alternative restorative materials: a systematic review Liz Shaw, Hassanat Mojirola Lawal, Simon Briscoe, Clara Martin Pintado, Noreen Orr, Lauren Asare, G.J. Melendez-Torres, Ruth Garside, Jo Thompson Coon Journal of Dentistry.2026; 167: 106530. CrossRef
Dental Amalgam and Oral Biological Responses: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence Roxana-Cristina Mehedinti, Catalin-Bogdan Satala, Kamel Earar, Madalina Nicoleta Matei, Gabriel Valeriu Popa, Ada Stefanescu, Antoanela Magdalena Covaci, Roxana Adina Barascu Petrescu, Cristian Petcu, Dana Tutunaru Dentistry Journal.2026; 14(3): 188. CrossRef
With recent developments in digital dentistry, research on techniques and materials for three-dimensional (3D) printing is actively underway. We report the clinical applications and outcomes of 3D printing of temporary crowns fabricated with polylactic acid (PLA) using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer. Five participants were recruited from among patients scheduled to be treated with a single full-coverage crown at a dental clinic in a university medical center from June to August 2022. We used 3D-printed crowns fabricated with PLA using an FDM printer as temporary crowns and were assessed for discomfort, fracture, and dislodging. The 3D-printed temporary crowns were maintained without fracture, dislodging, or discomfort until the permanent prosthesis was ready. The average time required for printing the temporary crowns was approximately 7 minutes. The 3D printing of temporary crowns with PLA using an FDM printer is a convenient process for dentists. However, these crowns have some limitations, such as rough surface texture and translucency; therefore, the 3D printing process should be improved to produce better prostheses.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength and Surface Morphology (via SEM) of Different Provisional Crowns and Surface Treatments to PMMA Pattarawadee Krassanairawiwong, Jirat Srihatajati, Murilo Baena Lopes International Journal of Dentistry.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Silica Nanocomposites Prepared by FDM-Based 3D-Printing of Multi-extruded Nano-filaments Sanjeev Kumar, Nazrul Islam Khan, Pradeep Khanna Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Advances in 3D printing for dentistry: clinical applications and future perspectives Partha Protim Borthakur, Jon Jyoti Sahariah, Malita Sarma, Aparoop Das, Kalyani Pathak, Mohammad Zaki Ahmad, Basel A. Abdel-Wahab Exploration of Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Applications of 3D-Printing Technology in Prosthodontics: A Review of the Current Literature Mohammed H Alyami Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cytotoxicity of dental self-curing resin for a temporary crown: an in vitro study Jae-wan Ko, Joon Sakong, Sohee Kang Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2023; 40(Suppl): S1. CrossRef
Wear resistance of dental resin crowns in accordance with different additive manufacturing technologies and abrader types during chewing simulations Myoung Ji Choi, Jae-Sung Kwon Korean Journal of Dental Materials.2023; 50(4): 217. CrossRef
Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a tailor-made material that is used as a filling material in dentistry. GIC is cured by an acid-base reaction consisting of a glass filler and ionic polymers. When the glass filler and ionic polymers are mixed, ionic bonds of the material itself are formed. In addition, the extra polymer anion reacts with calcium in enamel or dentin to increase adhesion to the tooth tissue. GICs are widely used as adhesives for artificial crowns or orthodontic brackets, and are also used as tooth repair material, cavity liner, and filling materials. In this review, the current status of GIC research and development and its prospects for the future have been discussed in detail.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Sorción y resistencia a la disolución ácida de ionómeros de vidrio modificados con resina: Equia Forte y Fuji Triage. Estudio in vitro Gabriela Salome Recalde Mejía, Flor Corina Vaca Palacios ASCE MAGAZINE.2026; 5(1): 131. CrossRef
Comparative Finite Element Analysis of Stress Concentration in Class V Lower Premolar Cavities Differently Restored by Adhesive Dental Materials Shakhawan Kadir Kadir European Journal of Dentistry.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
The pull-out retention strength of different cements used in implant-supported fixed restorations İlknur Usta Kutlu, Tuğba Ak Açıkgöz, Işıl Sarıkaya Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine.2026; 9(2): 504. CrossRef
The role of AlOx species in Sr-aluminosilicate glasses on the mechanical properties of dental glass ionomer cement due to zinc cation substitution Farzaneh Sadat Teimoory, Hamid Reza Rezaie, Bijan Eftekhari Yekta, JohnWilliam Nicholson, Jafar Javadpour Ceramics International.2025; 51(6): 8081. CrossRef
In Vitro Analysis of Compressive Strength of Three Different Aesthetic Restorative Materials Rohit Nagar, Simone Grandini, Carlo Gaeta, Sumit Dubey, Niladri Maiti, Madhura Avinash Jadhav, Neerieza Konthoujam Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.2025; 17(Suppl 1): S391. CrossRef
Evaluating Shear Bond Strength of Different Glass Ionomer Cements to Dentin: An Experimental Study Sulakshana Pradeep, Gunmeek Kaur, Bhaswati Roy, Dhaval Desai, MR Athira, K Vishnu Prasad, Hiren Hansraj Paradiya Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.2025; 17(Suppl 1): S712. CrossRef
Enhancement of Glass Ionomer Cements Through Polycarboxylic Acid Modification with Alkylenoic Acid Spacers Xiaoxu Liang, Dandan Zhou, Biao Yu, Haijing Zhong, Jingwei He ChemistrySelect.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A comprehensive review of recent work on hydroxyapatite and glass ionomer cement: properties, limitations and synergistic dental applications Suresh G, A Sindhya, Dhanaraj K Physica Scripta.2025; 100(6): 062002. CrossRef
Influence of luting cement on the biomechanical behavior of Bioflx crowns Ahmed S. Waly, Salah A. Yousief, Mohamed Elsayed Moteea, Mohammad Said Abu Samadah, Mohamed Taha Elfezary BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative evaluation of fluoride release from different modifications of glass ionomer dental restorative material in primary teeth at different time intervals: An ex vivo study Vivek Mehta, Nikhil Srivastava, Saif Ali Chaudhry, Vivek Rana Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research.2025; 15(6): 1224. CrossRef
Strategic approaches for enhancing the bioactivity of glass ionomer cement: A mechanistic and clinical perspective in terms of structural and surface modifications Ali Saatchifard, Nader Nezafati, Saeed Hesaraki Journal of Dentistry.2025; 163: 106126. CrossRef
Compressive Strength of Glass Ionomers With Different Polymerization Mechanisms: A Comparative In Vitro Analysis Andrea C Merino, Jorge I Fajardo, Cesar A Paltan, Carlos Albán, Danny Espana Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Enhancing glass ionomer cement with Citrus aurantium L. extract: a combined in vitro and in silico investigation of antimicrobial and mechanical properties Dina Abozaid, Abdallah Ayad, Amr Azab Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of the Physical Properties of Different Modifications of Glass Ionomer Dental Restorative Materials in Primary Dentition: A Comparative Ex Vivo Study Vivek Mehta, Nikhil Srivastava, Saif Ali Chaudhry, Vivek Rana International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry.2025; 18(S1): S86. CrossRef
Clinical effectiveness of ion-releasing restorations compared to composite restorations in pediatric dental treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis Heber Isac Arbildo-Vega, Fredy Hugo Cruzado-Oliva, Hernán Vásquez-Rodrigo, Franz Tito Coronel-Zubiate, Luis Felipe Alarco-La Rosa, Luisfelipe Carlos Alarco-Jurado, Stefanny Lisset Zarate-Chavarry Frontiers in Dental Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of Factors Affecting Fluoride Release from Dental Sealants: A Systematic Review Maciej Dobrzyński, Sylwia Klimas, Agnieszka Kotela, Zuzanna Majchrzak, Julia Kensy, Marzena Laszczyńska, Witold Świenc, Natalia Grychowska-Gąsior, Magdalena Fast, Jacek Matys Materials.2025; 18(23): 5350. CrossRef
Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement Incorporated with Nonfluoridated Remineralizing Agents Nagalakshmi Chowdhary, Shri Mahalakshmi, Veena Shivanna, M Hema, N Karthikeyan, CM Jayashankar International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry.2024; 17(2): 125. CrossRef
Comparative evaluation of microleakage of self-cure, dual-cure, and light cure glass ionomer cement in a simulated oral environment - an invitro study Sruthi Chandran, Chandru T P, Faizal C Peedikayil, Soni Kottayi, Athira Aravindan International Journal of Pedodontic Rehabilitation.2024; 9(1): 26. CrossRef
Clinical Effectiveness of Ion-Releasing Restorations versus Composite Restorations in Dental Restorations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Heber Isac Arbildo-Vega, Fredy Hugo Cruzado-Oliva, Franz Tito Coronel-Zubiate, Sara Antonieta Luján-Valencia, Joan Manuel Meza-Málaga, Rubén Aguirre-Ipenza, Adriana Echevarria-Goche, Eduardo Luján-Urviola, Tania Belú Castillo-Cornock, Katherine Serquen-Ol Dentistry Journal.2024; 12(6): 158. CrossRef
Effect of E-glass fibers addition on compressive strength, flexural strength, hardness, and solubility of glass ionomer based cement Tamer M. Hamdy BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Surface Roughness Examination of Glass Ionomer Restorative Cements Treated with Acidic and Basic Pediatric Medications: An In Vitro Study Zainab R. Hasan, Noor R. Al-Hasani, Ali I. Ibrahim Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.2024; 14(4): 287. CrossRef
Effect of Different Pediatric Medications on RMGIC: A Comparative Study Ahtesham A. Qurishi, Mohammed S. Al Dira, Amal H. Sholan, Shahad E. Abzoah, Mahdi A. Hakami, Emad Malhan, Shahad M. Moafa Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.2024; 16(Suppl 4): S3185. CrossRef
Comparison of survival time of three adhesive materials used in fixed space maintainer cementation by using ball milling machine: An in vitro study Sara M Zaidan , Reem A Rafeeq , Bahri Başaran Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry.2024; 36(4): 7. CrossRef
ADVANCED DENTAL CEMENTATION: A FOCUS ON ESTHETICS Gabriela Turcu, Oana Cucoveica , Alina Stefanache , Codrin Paul Fuioaga , Cosimo Caltabellotta , Norin Forna , Carmen Stadoleanu , Radu Mircea Sireteanu-Cucui Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.2024; 16(3): 425. CrossRef
Anticariogenic and Mechanical Characteristics of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement Containing Lignin-Decorated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Zuleikha Malik, Nawshad Muhammad, Muhammad Kaleem, Maleeha Nayyar, Asma Saleem Qazi, Danial Qasim Butt, Sher Zaman Safi, Abdul Samad Khan ACS Applied Bio Materials.2023; 6(2): 425. CrossRef
Evaluation of compressive strength, surface microhardness, solubility and antimicrobial effect of glass ionomer dental cement reinforced with silver doped carbon nanotube fillers Tamer M. Hamdy BMC Oral Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Concept of a Novel Glass Ionomer Restorative Material with Improved Mechanical Properties Philipp Messer-Hannemann, Henrik Böttcher, Sven Henning, Falk Schwendicke, Susanne Effenberger Journal of Functional Biomaterials.2023; 14(11): 534. CrossRef
Emerging Applications of Nanotechnology in Dentistry Shiza Malik, Yasir Waheed Dentistry Journal.2023; 11(11): 266. CrossRef
Color stability of nano resin-modified glass Ionomer restorative cement after acidic and basic medications challenge Zainab R Hasan, Noor R Al-Hasani, Osamah Malallah Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry.2023; 35(4): 10. CrossRef
Do bioactive materials show greater retention rates in restoring permanent teeth than non-bioactive materials? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Juliana Benace Fernandes, Sheila Mondragón Contreras, Manuela da Silva Spinola, Graziela Ribeiro Batista, Eduardo Bresciani, Taciana Marco Ferraz Caneppele Clinical Oral Investigations.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Antibacterial effect of glass ionomer cement containing metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, or penicillin V on Streptococcus mutans Nasrin Saadatfar, Masoud Yousefi, Mohammad Yahya Hanafi-Bojd, Maryam Rasti Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences.2023; 30(2): 153. CrossRef
Marginal microleakage and modified microtensile bond strength of Activa Bioactive, in comparison with conventional restorative materials Saba Tohidkhah, Hamid Kermanshah, Elham Ahmadi, Behnous Jalalian, Ladan Ranjbar Omrani Clinical and Experimental Dental Research.2022; 8(1): 329. CrossRef
Usefulness of conventional glass ionomer cements in an environment of insufficient moisture exclusion Yukihiro Naganuma, Masatoshi Takahashi, Yukyo Takada, Kumi Hoshi, Aki Kitaoka, Atsushi Takahashi, Keiichi Sasaki Journal of Oral Science.2022; 64(3): 242. CrossRef
Evaluation of a Method to Determine Wear Resistance of Class I Tooth Restorations during Cyclic Loading Philipp Messer-Hannemann, Mariam Samadi, Henrik Böttcher, Sebastian Duy, Daniela Duy, Niclas Albrecht, Falk Schwendicke, Susanne Effenberger Materials.2022; 15(15): 5440. CrossRef
Effects of Curing Mode on the Bond Strength of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements Yongxiang Xu, Yuan Li, Hong Lin, Bin Yu Advances in Materials Science and Engineering.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
The Attitude of the General Dentist in the Republic of Croatia toward Treating Children Lidia Gavić, Ivana Nikolić, Sharanbir K. Sidhu, Daniel Jerković, Antonija Tadin Children.2022; 9(12): 1888. CrossRef
Effects of Protective Surface Coating on Fluoride Release and Recharge of Recent Uncoated High-Viscosity Glass Ionomer Cement Nantawan Krajangta, Chayanee Dulsamphan, Tongjai Chotitanmapong Dentistry Journal.2022; 10(12): 233. CrossRef
Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Three Luting Materials Used in Band and Loop Space Maintainer Cementation Sara Muhannad Zaidan, Reem Atta Rafeeq Dental Hypotheses.2022; 13(4): 136. CrossRef
Applications of Antioxidants in Dental Procedures Fan Qi, Haofei Huang, Ming Wang, Weifeng Rong, Jing Wang Antioxidants.2022; 11(12): 2492. CrossRef
Conventional glass-ionomer cements: a guide for practitioners Petros Mylonas, Jing Zhang, Avijit Banerjee Dental Update.2021; 48(8): 643. CrossRef
Difference in Bonding Strength of RMGIC according to Type of Hemostatic Agent in Primary Tooth Seolah Back, Joonhaeng Lee, Jongbin Kim, Miran Han, Jong Soo Kim THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY.2021; 48(4): 460. CrossRef
Effect of Aluminum Chloride Hemostatic Agent on Bonding Strength of RMGIC in Primary Tooth Seung-Hee Woo, Jisun Shin, Joonhaeng Lee, Miran Han, Jong Soo Kim THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY.2021; 48(4): 397. CrossRef
Background Short stature is defined as a height below the 3rd percentile or more than two standard deviations below the mean for a given age, sex, and population. There have been inconsistent results regarding craniofacial morphology in short-statured children. This study aimed to analyze the differences between short-statured children with growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short-statured children, and normal children.
Methods Thirty-one short-statured children with growth hormone deficiency, 32 idiopathic short-statured children, and 32 healthy children were enrolled in this study. The measurements of their craniofacial structures from lateral cephalograms were evaluated.
Results There were statistically significant differences among the three groups seven variables (anterior cranial base length, posterior cranial base length, total cranial base length, upper posterior facial height, posterior total facial height, mandibular ramus length, and overall mandibular length) in the linear measurement and five variables (saddle angle, gonial angle, mandibular plane angle, position of mandible, and maxilla versus mandible) in the angular measurement.
Conclusion Compared to the control group, many linear and angular measurements of the craniofacial structures were significantly different in the two short-statured groups (p<0.05). Treatment plans by orthodontists should include these craniofacial structure characteristics.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Dental arches in inherited severe isolated growth hormone deficiency Rafaela S. Girão, Manuel H. Aguiar-Oliveira, Bruna M.R. Andrade, Marcos A.V. Bittencourt, Roberto Salvatori, Evânio V. Silva, André L.M. Santos, Matheus M. Cunha, Wilton M. Takeshita, Alaíde H.A. Oliveira, Eugênia H.O. Valença, Alécia A. Oliveira-Santos, Growth Hormone & IGF Research.2022; 62: 101444. CrossRef
Sella turcica dimensions and maxillary growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate Gregory S. Antonarakis, Luis Huanca Ghislanzoni, David M. Fisher Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2022; 123(6): e916. CrossRef
Clinical Implications of Growth Hormone Deficiency for Oral Health in Children: A Systematic Review Natalia Torlińska-Walkowiak, Katarzyna Anna Majewska, Andrzej Kędzia, Justyna Opydo-Szymaczek Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(16): 3733. CrossRef
A Clinical Study on the Treatment of Children’s Short Stature with Auxiliary Comprehensive Management Combined with Growth Patch Haiying Feng, Weizhu Zhao, Huijun Yu, Guanfu Wang, Qunhong Wang, Songwen Tan Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
Background In the osseointegration of dental implants, the implant surface properties have been reported to be some of the most important critical factors. The effect of implant’s surfaces created by resorbable blast media (RBM) followed by laser ablation on bone tissue reactions was examined using the removal torque test and histomorphometric analysis.
Methods Two types of dental implants, RBM-laser implants (experimental group) and RBM implants (control group) (CSM implant system, Daegu, Korea; L=6 mm, diameter=3.75 mm) were placed into the right and left distal femoral metaphysis of 17 adult rabbits. Six weeks after placement, removal torque was measured and histomorphometric analysis was performed.
Results The mean removal torque was 24.0±10.2 Ncm and 46.6±16.4 Ncm for the control and test specimens, respectively. The experimental RBM-laser implants had significantly higher removal torque values than the control RBM implants (p=0.013). The mean values of total and cortical bone to implant contact (BIC) were respectively 46.3±10.8% and 65.3±12.5% for the experimental group, and 41.9±18.5% and 57.6±10.6% for the control group. The experimental RBM-laser implants showed a higher degree of total and cortical BIC compared with RBM implants, but there was no statistical significance (p=0.482, 0.225).
Conclusion The removal torque and BIC of the test group were higher than those of the control group. In this study, the surface treatment created by RBM treatment followed by laser ablation appears to have a potential in improving bone tissue reactions of dental implants.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Biological, Biomechanical, and Histopathological Evaluation of Polyetherketoneketone Bioactive Composite as Implant Material Manar E. Al‐Samaray, Abdalbseet A. Fatalla Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Optimization of Peri-Implant Bone Repair in Estrogen-Deficient Rats on a Cafeteria Diet: The Combined Effects of Systemic Risedronate and Genistein-Functionalized Implants Tatiany Aparecida de Castro, Jaqueline Suemi Hassumi, Gabriela Morais Julião, Marina Corrêa Dutra, Ana Cláudia Ervolino da Silva, Naara Gabriela Monteiro, Fábio Roberto de Souza Batista, Gabriel Mulinari-Santos, Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho, Roberta Okamoto Materials.2025; 18(3): 662. CrossRef
Low Intensity Thermal Stimulation to Enhance Early Osteointegration in Implants: A Preclinical Study in Rabbits Zhu Xiufeng, Wang Miao, Zhou Huixia, Xu Boya, Chang Xiaofeng, He Longlong Clinical and Experimental Dental Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Osseointegration of Nitrogen‐Containing Bisphosphonate Coatings on Dental Implants: An Experimental Pilot Study Reza Ardeshir Mokhtari, Marcel Kunrath, Christelle Darnaud, Hanna Aludden, Lotta Tollstoy, Anders Palmquist, Christer Dahlin Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Determining primary stability for adhesively stabilized dental implants Ole Zoffmann Andersen, Benjamin Bellón, Maryam Lamkaouchi, Marzia Brunelli, Qiuju Wei, Philip Procter, Benjamin E. Pippenger Clinical Oral Investigations.2023; 27(7): 3741. CrossRef