Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Evaluation of The Neck Mass.: Kei Won Song, Seok Keun Yoon, Byung Heun Choi; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):1-11. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.1

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Abstract PDF: As public awareness of the various warning signs of malignancy increases, so does the concern evoked by the self identified finding of mass in the head and neck area. Not all the palpable masses are always significantly abnormal, but any nontender mass especially to the adult is significant enough to warrant further full investigation and follow up, the object of which should be to determine the possibility of malignancy and urgency of treatment. Approach to the diagnosis of the neck mass is so important in that it affects decision regarding further evaluation would lead to the determination of the most efficacious mode of therapy, eventually to the good prognosis. So, it should be emphasized that approach to the diagnosis of neck mass should be planned, systematic and thorough, this begins with the taking careful history following performance of complete examination of the head and neck especially to the nasopharynx, tongue base, pyriform sinus, palatine tonsil and larynx. Then a number of laboratory and radiologic studies are available, following triple endoscopy under general anesthesia and blind biopsy if needed. The most important rule to keep is that any biopsy procedures should be delayed to the last modality of effort to the diagnosis and if it should be done, under the plan of radical neck dissection.

Anesthetic Management for Patients with Increased Intracranial Pressure.: Heung Dae Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):13-24. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.13

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Toxic-Shock Syndrome Toxin in Staphylococcus aureus.: Sung Kwang Kim, Jae Kyu Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):25-31. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.25

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Histopathological Study of Carcinoma of the Colorectum in the Taegu Area.: Hae Joo Nam, Won Hee Choi, Tae Sook Lee, Suk Jae Hong; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):33-39. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.33

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Abstract PDF: A clinical and statistical study was done for 123 patients with histologically proven colorectal malignant tumor from 1983 to 1986 at the department of anatomical pathology. Yeungnam University Hospital. The results were as follows: 1. Ratio between male and female was 1.6:1 and incidence was most prevalent in 7th decades comprising 29.3%. 2. Location of tumor was the most frequent in rectum (65%). 3. Frequent symptoms and signs in case of right colon were pain, abdominal mass and bowel habit change. In left colon, they were pain, bowel habit change and bloody stool or melena. In rectum, they were bloody stool or melena, bowel habit change and pain. 4. Duration of symptom was 1 to 3 months (33.3%). 5. The most frequent histological type was adenocarcinoma (82.9%). 6. According to Duke's classification, 32.9% of the tumor were stage C2. 7. Operative procedures were Mile's operation (47.0%), right hemicolectomy (19.8%), and lower anterior resection (11.7%). 8. Polyps were the most frequent associated disease. 9. The most common complication was wound infection (11.1%).

Purification of Band 3 from the Human Erythrocyte Membrane and its Incorporation into Liposome.: Jae Ryong Kim, Jung Hye Kim, Ki Yung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):41-48. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.41

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Abstract PDF: Band 3, the predominant 95,000 dalton anion transport protein, is the major intrinsic glycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane. This anion carrier exists as a dimer and binds the cytoskeletons such as spectrin, ankyrin and actin. And the liposomes are vesicular structures which form spontaneously upon hydration of phospholipids. These artificial lipid vesicles have been investigated as model of the biological membranes and as a mean of improving the delivery of nucleic acids, drugs, proteins and biological substances to specific target tissues and cells. In this study, we were purified Band 3 from the human erythrocyte membrane (ghost) was prepared by hemolysis of intact human erythrocyte with weak alkali-hypotonic solution. Band 6 was removed from ghost by extracting with solution of an ionic strength of 0.15. Band 3 and Band 4 were solubilized selectively by extracting Band 6-depleted ghosts with Triton X-100 under nondenaturing conditions. Band 3 was then purified from Triton X-100 extract treated with p-chloromercuribenzoate by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. This purified Band 3 was incorporated into liposomes prepared by reverse-phase evaporation. Phosphatidyl L-serine and cholesterol (1:1 molar ratio) were dissolved in chloroform and the chloroform was removed by rotator evaporation under reduced pressure. Band 3 solution without Triton X-100 was introduced into a mixture of lipids and diethylether. Diethylether was subsequently removed by evaporation. This purified Band 3 and its incorporation into liposomes were confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

A Clinical Study of Succinylcholine-Atracurium for Cesarian Section.: Dae Pal Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):49-51. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.49

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Abstract PDF: Atracurium was used in 10 parturients undergoing elective cesarian section under general Anesthesia. An initial bolus of 0.4 mg/kg of the atracurium was injected after recovery from succinylcholine block. Complete neuromuscular block resulted in all cases. Muscular relaxation was maintained by incremental dose of 0.2mg/kg of atracurium. Administration of atracurium did not cause significant change in blood pressure, pulse rate and infants Apgar score. The residual neuromuscular block could be antagonized at the end of the procedure by mixture of 0.005 mg/kg glycopyrrolate and 0.03 mg/kg of neostigmine. In all parturients, antagonism was adequate as evidenced by respiratory response and head lift test. Atracurium may be advantageous in parturients undergoing cesarian section under general anesthesia cause it maintained cardiovascular stability, is non-cumulative, is readily antagonized by neostigmine and has no deleterious effect on the newborn.

The Application and Effect of the Brown-Roberts-Wells Stereotactic System in the Management of Intracranial Lesions.: Choong Bae Moon, Wan Shup Kim, Sam Kyu Ko, Jowa Hyuk Ihm, Seung Chan Baek, Yung Chul Chi, Byung Yearn Choi, Soo Ho Cho; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):53-62. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.53

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Abstract PDF: In the past 10 years, modern technology has made deep seated obscure lesions visible. With development of computer technology and various stereotaxic techniques, many new procedures, refinement of old procedures, and development of new applications are possible. The authors are intended to provide a detailed description of our experience with the Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) stereotactic system in the evaluation and management of 90 patients with intracranial lesions, and to provide cases presentation of various inaccessible intracranial lesions.

Clinical Evaluation of Cesarian Section Anerohesia.: Dae Pal Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):63-66. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.63

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Abstract PDF: Maternal and fetal effects of anesthesia for 423 cesarian section, performed during the past three and quarter years period in this hospital, have been evaluated. It is emphasized that the selection of anesthetic agent and method should depend upon the physical status of the patients and the ability of both obstetrician and anesthesiologists. Author results were as follows: 1. The incidence of c-section was 13.9% of total deliveries. 2. More than about three fourths of total cases were emergency cases. 3. Almost all cases were operated under general anesthesia. 4. The good physical states of patients resulted in better Apgar score of infants. 5. The shorter the interval from induction of anesthesia to delivery, the better was the Apgar score of infants.

A Clinical Use of CT Scan in Rectal Cancer.: Bo Yang Suh, Yong Sik Chung, Su Jeung Lee, Min Chul Shim, Koing Bo Kwun; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):67-72. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.67

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Abstract PDF: Authors evaluated the accuracy of preoperative pelvic CT scan staging and its effects on management in 12 biopsy proved rectal cancer patients. Authors also studied postoperative CT in 5 patients to detect disease recurrence and metastasis. Preoperative CT staging was identical to surgical and/or pathological staging in 9 patients (75%), but it was underestimated in two cases and overestimated in one instance than in surgical stagings. In 7 cases, CT scan did not alter original choice of procedures. However, preoperative CT staging gave definitive informations to change management plans in 5 cases otherwise the treatment would be difficult and inadequate. Postoperative CT showed local recurrence in one and liver metastases in 2 cases. One of them was not detected at exploratory laparotomy.

Hemoglobin Concentration in Female Workers of Occupational Exposure to Lead.: Nan Kyu Park, Pock Soo Kang, Jong Hak Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):73-79. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.73

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Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lead on the incidence of anemia and to find cases with lead poisoning early among female workers who have been exposed to lead occupationally, for one year from August, 1985. The level of blood lead and hemoglobin concentration were observed for 284 female lead workers and 123 female non-lead workers of industries in the Gumi industrial complex in Kyungpook Province. The average age was 20.3±2.9 years and 21.1±3.5 years in lead workers and non-lead workers, respectively. The average working duration was 26.46±19.26 months in lead workers. The mean value of blood lead was 30.11±6.61 µg/100 ml and 21.86±3.75 µg/100 ml in lead workers and non-lead workers, respectively. There were significant differences between two groups. The mean value of hemoglobin concentration was 14.00±0.57 g/100 ml and 14.03±0.64 g/100 ml in lead workers and non-lead workers, respectively. Anemia cases were not observed at Hb concentration below 12g/100 ml. The percentages of lead workers at Hb concentration ranged 12.0~13.0 g/100 ml were 4.5%. There was no dose-response relationship between blood lead level and the incidence of anemia. There were no remarkable differences between age and blood lead level as well as Hb concentration, and between working duration and the level of blood lead and hemoglobin.

Statistic Evaluation of Changing Pattern of Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate During Enflurane Anesthesia.: Ill Sock Suh, Dae Pal Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):81-85. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.81

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Abstract PDF: Observation of changing pattern of blood pressure and pulse rate of enflurane anesthesia for 200 cases operations, performed during the past 4 years (1983~1986) in Yeungnam University Hospital have been evaluated clinically. In order to observe the influence of enflurane upon the blood pressure and pulse rate during general anesthesia, the authors prepared a formula, expressing changing of blood pressure and pulse rate by time series and analyzed the types and distribution pattern in the experiment. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Blood pressure and pulse rate were increased at the time of intubation. 2. Generally, blood pressure and pulse rate were increased at the time of intubation and then stabilized within 20 minutes. 3. Most common patterns were identified. ADEE type was 73~74%, which is most common type and AEEE type was about 40%.

Clinical Study of Empyema Thoracis.: Tae Nyeun Kim, Young Hyun Lee, Jae Chun Chung, Chong Suhl Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):87-94. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.87

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Abstract PDF

Empyema thoracis following pneumonia, intra-abdominal pathology, trauma, and surgical procedure continues to be a source of major morbidity and mortality. Thirty seven adult and eleven pediatric patients with empyema thoracis were treated at the University of Yeungnam Medical Center from May 1983 to November 1986. Age distribution ranged from 6 months to 72 years and showed a double-peaked curve with the highest incidence between 36 and 65 years and below 15 years of age. There were male predominance in patients above 16 years of age. The most common predisposing factors was impaired consciousness due to either alcoholism or head injury. The causes of empyema were as follows: pneumonia 64.6%, ling abscess 6.4%, intraabdominal pathology 6.4%, and surgical procedure 6.4%. The cardinal symptoms were fever, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, sputum, weight loss, anorexia, and night sweat in orders. Culture of empyema fluid were positive in 50% of patients. The isolated organisms were Gram-negative bacilli 33.3%, staphylococcus aureus 25%, and streptococcus 25%. The patients received antibiotics in conjunction with various invasive procedures: chest tube drainage 77.1%, decortications 6.3%, and repeated thoracentesis 10.3%. There were 4 deaths, 1 child and 3 adults, with an overall mortality of 8.3%.

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Empyema caused byClostridium perfringens
Hyun-Sun Park, Chul-Min Jung, Jang-Won Choi, Yoonki Hong, Woo Jin Kim
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2015; 32(1): 35. CrossRef

Radiologic Analysis of Tuberculous Spondylitis.: Mi Soo Hwang, Sun Yong Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):95-102. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.95

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Abstract PDF: Among the skeletal tuberculous spondylitis is high incidence and curable disease, if early diagnosis and treatment are possible. We reviewed clinical manifestations and radiologic analysis of 30 cases tuberculous spondylitis from May 1983 to Sept. 1986, at Yeungnam medical center, Yeungnam University. The results were follows: 1. The frequent involve sites were thoracolumbar vertebra. 2. The continuous lesion is 86.7% of the all cases. 3. The most common type was intervertebral type, and lytic and sclerotic lesion were same incidence. 4. Paravertebral abscess, kyphosis and disc space narrowing were demonstrated more than 80.0% of the cases. 5. Computed tomography was more accurate diagnostic method rather than conventional plain study to evaluation of extent of lesion, involvement of spinal canal and cord, and size and location of paravertebral abscess. And CT guided abscess drainage procedure was helpful to diagnosis and treatment. 6. Ultrasonography was helpful to differential diagnosis between paravertebral abscess and other solid mass, and useful to follow up study of paravertebral abscess after treatment.

Production of Monoclonal Antibody to Polychlorinated Biphenyl Induced Cytochrome P-450 LMII in Rat Liver.: Jung Hye Kim, Jae Ryong Kim, Ki Yung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):103-110. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.103

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Abstract PDF: Cytochrome P-450 (CP-450) is one of the three components of the liver microsomal enzyme system which hydroxylates fatty acids, hydrocarbons and a variety of drugs and other foreign compounds. Female Balb/c mice were immunized with purified polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) – induced CP-450 LMII. The spleen cells derived from immunized mice were fused with SP2 myeloma cells using polyethylene glycol (PEG 3500). The hybrid cells were selected by hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) medium and the culture fluid were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to CP450 LMII. The hybrid cells(×107) were inoculated into intraperitoneal cavity of Balb/c mice for the purpose of production of ascetic fluids. Monoclonal antibody (Mab) was purified from ascitic fluid by DEAE cellulose ion exchange chromatography and I¹²⁵ labeled Mab was also confirmed by autoradiography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (MW:55,000 and 110,000)

A Study on Organic Brain Syndrome in the Elderly at the Home for the Aged.: Byung Tak Park, Jin Sung Kim, Seung Douk Cheung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):111-120. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.111

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Abstract PDF: The authors studied organic brain syndrome, using organic brain syndrome scale of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-Ⅲ, in the subjects of 65 males and 231 females at the homes for the aged in the Taegu and Kyong-buk areas. The authors collected the data during the period from June to August, 1986, and applied ANOVA and x²-test in order to compare various psychologic factors in relation to the organic brain syndrome. The results could be summarized as follows: The elderly males (15%) showed high OBS scores of 12 and over, while ninety elderly females (39%) showed the same scores. Among those psychosocial factors, age, education, birth place, occupation, religion, history before institutionalization are significantly related to the OBS scores.

A Study on Depression in the Elderly at the Home for the Aged.: Byung Tak Park, Jin Sung Kim, Hyung Bae Park, Bok Soon Kwon, Jung Hoon Lee, Jong Bum Lee, Seung Douk Cheung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):121-130. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.121

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Abstract PDF: The authors studied depression, using Zung's self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), in the subjects of 65 males and 231 females at the homes for the aged in Taegu and Kyong-buk areas. The authors collected the date of SDS during the period from June to August, 1986, and applied ANOVA and t-test on the depression scores in order to compare them between various psychosocial factors and sexes. The results could be summarized as follow: There was significantly difference in the mean average of total depression scores between the two groups: elderly males scored 38.80±11.92, elderly females scored 43.21±14.33 (p<0.05). The depression scores in the items of hopelessness, personal devaluation, weight loss, emptiness and confusion were relatively higher than the scores in the other items in both groups. Nine elderly males (16%) showed seriously high depression scores of 50 and over, while fourth-seven elderly females (33%) showed the same scores. Among these psychosocial factors, age, birth place, and growing place are significantly related to higher depression scores in both groups.

A Study on Anxiety in College Freshmen.: Hyung Bae Park, Jong Bum Lee, Seung Douk Cheung, Byung Tak Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):131-139. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.131

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Abstract PDF: The authors studied anxiety, using Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), in the subjects of 3,499 male and 1,335 female college freshmen of Yeungnam University. The authors collected the reports of SAS during the periods from January to February, 1986, and applied ANOVA and t-test on anxiety scores in order to compare them between various psychosocial factors, and sexes. The results are as follows: There was significant difference in the mean averages of total anxiety scores between male and female students: male students scored 32.91±7.70, female students scored 34.48±6.00, (P<0.001). The anxiety scores relating to the items of sweating, apprehension, restlessness, and insomnia were relatively higher in both groups. The anxiety scores relating to the items of faintness, mental disintegration, tremors, dizziness were lower in both groups. Thirty-nine male students (1.1%) showed seriously high anxiety scores of 50 or higher, while twenty-one female students (1.6%) showed the same scores. So the authors inferred that the features of anxiety symptoms were much the same in our country, but female showed more various symptoms and higher level of anxiety than males. Male students attending in pharmacy showed higher level of anxiety scores (P<0.01). There was a strong tendency toward higher anxiety scores in the students who were dissatisfied with their home atmosphere, colleges, department and familiarity of parents, and those who had pessimistic views of self image in the past, present, or future, in both groups (P<0.001).

A Study on Psychoticism in College Freshmen.: Jin Sung Kim, Jong Bum Lee, Seung Douk Cheung, Byung Tak Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):141-149. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.141

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Abstract PDF: The authors studied psychoticism, using Derogatis's SCL-90, in the subjects of 3,499 male and 1,335 female college freshmen of Yeungnam University. The authors collected the reports of Self-Rating Psychoticism Scale during the periods from January to February, 1986, and applied ANOVA and t-test on psychoticism scores in order to compare them between various psychosocial factors, and sexes. The results are as follows: There was significant difference in the mean averages of total psychoticism scores between male and female students: male students scored 4.62+4.01, female students scored 5.03+3.89 (P<0.01). Thirteen male students (0.4%) showed high psychoticism scores of 20 or higher, while seven female students (0.5%) showed the same scores. The male students who have maturated in city and the female students whose educational fees were paid by self, showed higher level of psychoticism scores (P<0.05). The male and female students who believed Protestantism showed higher level of psychoticism scores (respectively P<0.05, P<0.01). There was a strong tendency toward higher psychoticism scores in the students who were dissatisfies with their home atmosphere, college, department and familiarity of parents and those who had pessimistic views of self in the past, present or future in both groups (P<0.001).

A Study on Depression in College Freshmen.: Jong Bum Lee, Hye Soo Suh, Seung Douk Cheung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):151-161. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.151

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Abstract PDF: The authors studied depression, using Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) in the subjects of 3,499 male and 1,335 female college freshmen of Yeungnam University. The authors collected the reports of SDS during the periods from January to February, 1986, and applied ANOVA and t-test on depression scores in order to compare them between various psychosocial factors, and sexes. The results are as follows: There was significant difference in the mean averages of total depression scores between male and female students: male students scored 35.68+7.46, female students scored 38.93+7.26 (P<0.01). The depression scores relating to the items of indecisiveness, psychomotor retardation, decreased libido, and diurnal variation were relatively higher in both groups. One hundred and sixty-one male students (4.6%) showed seriously high degree depression scores of 50 or higher, while one-hundred and seventeen female students (8.8%) showed the same scores. Female students attending in liberal arts showed higher level of depression scores (P<0.01). There was a strong tendency toward higher depression scores in the students who were dissatisfies with their home atmosphere, college, department and familiarity of parents and those who had pessimistic views of self in the past, present or future in both groups (P<0.001).

A Study on the Intrapulmonary Shunt Measured by (99m) Tc-MAA Perfusion Lung Scan.: Jin Myung Choi, Chan Kyu Kang, Young Hyun Lee, Soo Bong Choi, Jae Chun Chung, Chong Suhl Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):163-169. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.163

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Abstract PDF: Intrapulmonary shunt measured by (99m)Tc-MAA perfusion lung scan. The study was included 76 patients. Significant amount of intrapulmonary shunt was observed in the pulmonary disease patients and liver disease patients. The shunt amount was correlated well with PaO2 and AaDO2 level. Further study is needed to search the various factors affecting the amount of intrapulmonary shunt.

Clinical Analysis of Chemonucleolysis for Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation.: Jowa Hyuk Ihm, Seung Chan Baek, Sam Kyu Ko, Yong Chul Chi, Byung Yeran Choi, Choong Bae Moon, Soo Ho Cho; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):171-177. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.171

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Abstract PDF: During last 48 months, in our department 5 patients with single or multiple herniated lumbar discs have received chemonucleolysis. Forty-one of r51 cases have single level herniation and remaining cases have multiple level. Age distribution were from 19 to 59 years old. Over 4 months (longest case: 18 months) follow up revealed as follows: 40 cases (78%) revealed excellent results: 4 cases (7.8%) received discectomy 3-6 months after chemonucleolysis because of recurred symptoms: no anaphylaxis and no major complications were noted.

Frozen Section: Application in the Surgical Pathology.: Won Hee Choi, Tae Sook Lee, Suk Jae Hong; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):179-183. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.179

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Abstract PDF: The frozen section technique is a means of intraoperative pathological diagnosis, and a procedure of great value to the surgeon. This method should be accurate, rapid and reliable. This method serves useful purposes, such as determining the presence of tumor, its type (especially whether it is benign or malignant), the adequacy of a biopsy of a suspected lesion, and the conditions of the surgical margins. But, it bears many disadvantages, the most of which is the danger of incorrect diagnosis. We studied the indications, the limitations, and the accuracy of the frozen section method and the materials studies was total of frozen section diagnosis of 809 cases was 98.1% with 0.5% of false negative, 0% of false positive 0.5% of incorrect histological diagnosis or grading errors, and 0.9% of deferred cases. The tissues submitted were lymph node, gastrointestinal tract, skin subcutaneous tissues in decreasing oder of frequency. The false positive case is not present, while the false negative cases were 4.

Statistical Analysis of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tested on Various Clinical Isolates of Bacteria.: Eun Kyung Bae, Chang Ho Jeon, Seok Il Hong, Chung Sook Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):185-192. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.185

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Abstract PDF: Antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacterial strains isolated from clinical specimens during the period from June, 1983 to June, 1986 in Yeungnam Medical Center was studied and the following results were obtained. 1. Staphylococcus aureus was highly susceptible to cephalothin and its susceptibility to methicillin was gradually reduced. 2. Streptococcus strains except enterococcus were generally susceptible to penicillin, while most enterococci were susceptible to only ampicillin. 3. Gram-negative rods including Escherichia coli were highly susceptible to amikacin and tobramycin. 4. Serratia were generally less susceptible to the amtimicrobials tested than other Enterobacteriaceae. Among them, Serratia marcescens showed the highest susceptibility to amikacin and chloramphenicol. 5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed the highest susceptibility to amikacin and tobramycin and moderate susceptibility to carbenicillin and gentamycin. 6. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus revealed low susceptibility to most antimicrobials tested, showing only 30% susceptibility to amikacin, tobramycin and gentamycin in 1986.

Diagnostic Significance of Total Lactate Dehydrogenase(LD) and LD Isoenzyme Measurement in the Body Fluids.: Chang Ho Jeon, Eun Kyung Bae, Seok Il Hong, Chung Sook Kim, Young Hyun Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):193-199. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.193

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Abstract PDF: Body fluid Lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzyme Measurement was performed in 132 patients: 8 cases with peritonitis, 21 cases with malignant ascites, 43 cases with liver cirrhosis, 48 cases with tuberculous pleuritis, 12 cases with malignant pleural effusion respectively. Body fluid protein and glucose contents, red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts, cytologic examination were also performed as a comparative study. The results were as follows: 1. Measurement of total LD and protein amount could differentiate between transudate and exudates in the ascitic fluids. 2. In the malignant exudate of ascites and pleural fluid, the activity of LD2 isoenzyme was statistically increased compared with that of inflammatory exudates and the activity of LD4 isoenzyme was also incereased compared with that of serum (P<0.05). 3. The inflammatory exudates of pleural fluid and ascites demonstrated the increase of LD5 isoenzyme activity statistically compared with that of serum and malignant exudates (P<0.05). 4. A difference of total LD activity between malignant ascites and inflammatory ascites was significant statistically, while this was not observed in the pleural exudate. 5. Total LD and LD5 isoenzyme activity didn't correlated with the number of white blood cells in the exudate.

Clinical Study of Lung Cancer.: Pill Young Kim, Jung Kyu Choi, Myung Soo Hyun, Chong Suhi Kim, Young Hyun Lee, Jae Chun Chung, Chong Suhi Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):201-207. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.201

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Abstract PDF: 159 histologically proved cases of lung cancer have been reviewed at the Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical School for the past two years and six months from January, 1984 to July 1986. 1. The age distribution ranged from 27 to 87 years and 69.2% of the patient were distributed between the ages of 51 and 70. 2. The ratio of male and female was 4.6 : 1 (131 males, 28 females) 3. Chief complains were in order of dyspnea, chest pain, cough, hemoptysis and weight loss. 4. Localization on chest film. Right was more than left (right 58.6%, left 36.2%) and the most frequent site is right upper lung field (33 cases, 21.7%) 6. 76.8% of case was diagnosed histologically under the bronchoscopic biopsy. 8. The most common treatment was conservative therapy In general. However chemotherapy was most common treatment of the small cell type carcinoma.

Therapeutic Trial of Ribavirin on Chroic Hepatitis B in Children.: Jeong Ok Hah, Ho Yeun Hwang, In Youl Ma; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):209-213. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.209

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Abstract PDF: To study the therapeutic effect of ribavirin, a broad spectrum antiviral agent, for chronic hepatitis B in pediatric patients, 24 patients who were diagnosed as chronic hepatitis B (elevated SGOT and SGPT and positive HBsAg and HBeAg for more than 6 months) at the pediatric department of Yeungnam University Hospital from Mar. 1, 1985 to Sep. 30, 1986 were randomly divided into two groups. Ribavirin was administered to 11 patients in dose of 15mg/kg/day and 13 patients were control group and both groups were followed for 12 months. Serum HBsAg and HBeAg were measured with RIA (Ausria-II and Abbott-HBe, respectively) and compared in P/N ratio (counts per minute of patient's sample/counts per minute of normal serum). There were no statistically significant reductions in P/N ratios of HBsAg and HBeAg in both groups between prior to the therapy and 12 months follow-up period. It seems that ribavirin does not have the therapeutic effect on chronic hepatitis B in children. Also, there were no noticeable side effects from ribavirin therapy.

Clinical Analysis of Open Heart Surgery: A report of 111 cases.: Cheol Joo Lee, Tae Eun Jung, Dong Hyup Lee, Myeun Shik Kang; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):215-219. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.215

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Abstract PDF: During 1986, 111 cases of open heart surgery were performed at Yeungnam University Hospital consisting 88 cases of congenital heart disease and 23 cases of acquired heart disease. Among 88 congenital heart disease, 72 were acyanotic group and 16 were cyanotic. Common congenital heart diseases were ventricular septal defect (51%), atrial septal defect (18%) and Tetralogy of Fallot (16%). Among 23 acquired heart disease, 22 cases were valvular heart disease and one was dissecting aortic aneurysm. Three cases of the postoperative death were present resulting 2.7% of surgical mortality rate.

Anatomic Classification of Ventricular Septal Defects and Clinical Review of 99 Cases.: Cheol Joo Lee, Tae Eun Jung, Dong Hyup Lee, Myeun Shik Kang; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):221-227. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.221

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Abstract PDF: Ventricular septal defects is most common congenital cardiac anomaly in Korea and worldwide. And its clinical spectrum is well known. The anatomic classification had been undertaken by several authors, but recently Dr. Soto and Anderson's classification is widely used instead of Dr. Kirklin's it. From April, 1984 to December 1986, 99 cases of ventricular septal defects had been taken surgical repair under direct vision using conventional cardiopulmonary bypass technique at Yeungnam university hospital. The clinical spectrum was similar to other hospital, and postoperative mortality was 2%, the most common associated anomaly was patent foramen ovale, and the most common postoperative complication was incomplete or complete right bundle branch block. The rank of defects was as followings: 45 perimembranous inlet type, 21 doubly committed subarterial type, 17, perimembranous trabecular type, and 16 perimembranous outlet type. There was no muscular and mixed type.

Effect of Corticosteroids on Renal Excretion of Lithium.: Shin Yul Oh, Jeoung Hee Ha, Kwang Youn Lee, Won Joon Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):229-235. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.229

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Abstract PDF: Lithium salts are being used increasingly to treat patient with affective disorders, especially acute mania, or bipolar manic-depressive illness. For therapeutic effect the lithium content must be maintained at or above a particular level. Lithium poisoning due to overdosage may be seen occasionally, and its course is determined primarily by the rate of renal lithium elimination. A search is therefore indicated for procedures that could raise the lithium clearance. In a number of reports renal lithium excretion has been studied in relation to the excretion of water, sodium, potassium and hydrogen, but effects of sodium or water on the lithium excretion has not yet been clarified. Hence the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of corticosteroid on the excretion of lithium ion. The female rat (Sprague-Dowley), weighing from 200 to 300g, was injected with 50mg/kg of lithium chloride intraperitoneally, and then injected with graded dosage of fludrocortisones and dexamethasone in each group. During the injected rats were incubated in metabolic cage, 24 hour urine of rats were collected. At 24 hours after injection, the rats were sacrificed with guillotine, the blood were collected. And then the concentrations of Na⁺, K⁺, Li⁺ of collected urine and serum were checked by Flame photometer. The results are summarized as follows 1. Fludrocortisone decreased the serum concentration of lithium and increased the urinary excretion of lithium. 2. In the group treated with low dose of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg), the serum concentration of lithium was decreased and high dose of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) increased the urinary excretion of lithium. 3. Fludrocortisone increased the urinary [Na⁺]/[K⁺] in serum and decreased [Na⁺]/[K⁺] inurine, but opposite effects were occurred in dexamethasone. By above results, it may be concluded that corticosteroid increased the urinary excretion of lithium and decreased the serum concentration of lithium, but it seems to be there in no relationship between these effects of corticosteroid and of the renal Na⁺ or K⁺ transport.

Continuous Sutures for Microarterial Anastomosis.: Yung Sik Jung, See Ho Choi, Jae Ho Chung, Jung Hyun Seul; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):237-241. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.237

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Abstract PDF: In clinical microsurgery, limitation of space often prohibits rotation of a double clamp in an end-to-end anastomosis, or shortage of length of the secondary vessel in an end-to-side anastomosis does not allow visualization of the back wall. In these situation, back wall repair is extremely difficult. To overcome this problem, we use continuous suture technique without rotation of double clamp for end-to-end and end-to-side anastomosis of the 40 rat femoral arteries. After continuous sutures for micro-arterial anastomosis, the following results were obtained: Continuous sutures are useful in anastomosis where there is unavoidable limited access to the posterior wall and for some of the larger vessels now being anastomosed in free flap and other reconstructive surgery.

A Study of Types and Distribution of Orthodontic Patients in the Department of Dentistry.: Sang Kil Byun, Hee Kyung Lee, Byung Rho Chin; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):243-247. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.243

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Abstract PDF: 174 patients who visited in the Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University from 1983. 7. 15 to 1986. 11. 30 were surveyed on the tendency of patient distribution and the state of Angle's classification. The results were as follows 1. There was increased visiting rate of patient per year. Female outnumbered male by a ratio of 1.3:1. 2. 8-15 age group was 74% in total visiting in the most frequency. The average visiting numbers of each month were higher among the vacation and was about 74% in that period. 3. As showed the living distribution, Nam Go and Su Sung Gu's patients were 53% of the total. 4. As the motive of visiting in Dental Department, patient of 30% in total patients visited for themself to receive orthodontic treatment and other was introduced patients. 5. By classification, Class I malocclusion was 63% in total visiting patient, Class II malocclusion 17%, Class III malocclusion 20%. Crowding among Class I malocclusion was 60%.

Clinical Survey of Cesarean Section.: Jae Wung Kim, Young Gi Lee, Jong Wook Kim, Tae Hyung Lee, Wan Seok Park, Sung Ho Lee, Wun Yong Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):249-260. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.249

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Abstract PDF: Recent reports have noted the increase of and questioned the justification for cesarean section rate in the past decade. This study was carried out retrospectively based on the clinical charts of 510 patients who had been performed cesarean section among 3,357 deliveries at Yeungnam University Hospital from May, 9, 1983 through Nov., 30, 1986. The results were as follows 1. Overall incidence of cesarean section was 15.7% of total deliveries. Of these, 10.9% were by primary cesarean section and 4.7% by repeat operation. There has been a gradual increase in the cesarean section rate. 2. In the distribution of age, the 26-30 aged group was the most prevalent (60.2%). 3. The most common indications for cesarean section were previous cesarean section (30.2%), CPD (26.9%), malpresentation (22.7%), and fetal distress (3.5%). In primipara, CPD was the most frequent and in multipara malpresentation. 4. A great proportion (31.6%) was done at 40th gestational week. 5. In the weight distribution of infants, the group of 3,000-3,499 gm was the most prevalent (39.8%), premature baby was 9.1%, and giant baby was 5.6%. 6. In the type of operation, lower segment transverse cesarean section was the most (97.5%). 7. In the combined surgery, sterilization was the most prevalent and the next was ovarian cystectomy, hysterectomy, and myomectomy in order. 8. In the type of the anesthesia, general anesthesia was 83.5%. 9. Maternal morbidity was 14.7. Among the cause of this morbidity, wound infection was the most and the next was urinary tract infection, fever of unknown origin. and atonic bleeding in order. 10. It was found that 18.4% was maternal morbidity in the patients below 10 gm Hb. In this group, maternal morbidity was markedly increased as the level of Hb was decreased. 11. Maternal morbidity was increased as the duration of ruptured membrane was prolonged. In the group of over 24 hours after rupture of membrane, it was markedly increased (44.4%). 12. Maternal morbidity was increased as the duration of labor was prolonged. In the group of over 12 hours after the onset of labor, it was 24.6%. 13. Maternal morbidity of lower segment transverse cesarean section was the least (14.1%). 14. Maternal morbidity of emergency cesarean section was about two times as much as elective cesarean section.

Total Dose Effect on Normal Skin of Hybrid Mice by Conventional Fractionated Irradiation.: Kyung Hee Jung, Myung Se Kim, Won Hee Choi; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):261-267. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.261

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Abstract PDF: Development of supervoltage treatment machine may minimize skin reaction by skin-sparing effect, but skin damage is still one of “the dose limiting factor” in radiation therapy. In spite of these importance, systemic histopathologic studies of skin in similar conditions which used in clinical treatment has not been performed so far. 60 mice were irradiated with conventional fraction (200x5/wk) and whole abdominal field (2x3 cm, from symphysis pubis to xyphoid process). Used machine was 250 KV, 24 mA. orthovoltage x-ray machine. Histopathological changes of acute skin reaction at the level of total irradiation dose were analyzed and possible mechanism of later chronic changes were investigated. Obtained results are as follows 1. In 1,000 rad irradiated group, only mild epidermal edema is noted. 2. In 2,000 rad irradiated group, slightly decreased number and size of hair follicles and appendages, dermal edema and scanty infiltration of inflammatory cells are visible. 3. In 3,000 rad irradiated group, marked increased capillary congestion and prominent infiltration of inflammatory cells are observed. 4. In 4,000 rad irradiated group, vascular wall thickening with proliferation of endothelial cells are prominent. Dermal thinning and hyalinization are newly developed. 5. In 5,000 rad irradiated group, complete desquamation of epidermis is not seen, despite of acceleration of all above mentioned changes.

Effect of Short Termed Fasting on the Usage Patterns of Metabolic Energy Sources during Exercise in Man.: Jong Yeon Kim, Young Man Lee, Suck Kang Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):269-278. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.269

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to know the effect of short termed fasting on the usage of metabolic energy sources and the metabolic differences between non-athletic and athletic subjects. Subjects were divided into non-athletic and athletic group and exercise was loaded on both groups after feeding and fasting. Exercise was loaded by a treadmill running at the speed of 8 km/hour for 30 minutes in both groups. The experiment yielded following results. In the fed state, the level of plasma FFA increased markedly after 15 and 30 minutes of exercise compared with it's level of pre-exercise period in both groups. In the fated state, the level of plasma FFA in non-athletic group increased steadily according to the duration of exercise, while it's level in athletic group showed no changes. At pre-exercise period, the level of plasma FFA was higher in fasted state than fed state. Immediately before the exercise and 15 and 30 minutes after the exercise, blood for the determination of plasma free fatty acid (FFA), glucose, triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol was sampled from antecubital vein, and simultaneously heart rate was measured. In the fed state, the level of plasma glucose was increased mildly according to exercise, and in the fasted state it's level increased according to exercise in both groups also. In the fasted state, the level of plasma TG was lower than that in the fed state. The level of plasma TG and cholesterol in the fed state was no changed by the exercise from the pre-exercise period. The level of plasma cholesterol in athletic group had tendency to lower than that in non-athletic group. Heart rate increased markedly according to exercise in both groups, but the athletic group's increasing rate of heart rate was lower than the non-athletic group's heart rate increased according to exercise and athletic groups heart rate increased early period of exercise, but did not change during latest post-period of exercise.

Effect of Carbamazepine on the Ouabain-Induced Arrhythmia in Rabbits.: Eui Hong Kim, Jeoung Hee Ha, Kwang Youn Lee, Won Joon Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):279-285. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.279

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Abstract PDF: Carbamazepine is a derivative of iminostilbene with carbamoyl group and related chemically to the tricyclic antidepressants. Carbamazepine has been introduced for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Recently it is used as an antiepileptic agent such as diphenylhydantoin. Antiepileptic drugs are known to affect experimentally induced cardiac arrhythmia and are now widely used clinically for treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, particularly those produced by digitalis intoxication. Steiner et al. (1970) reported that carbamazepine was found to be very effective in converting ventricular tachycardia due to digitalis toxicity to normal sinus rhythm. Clinically bradycardia, complete heart block, ventricular standstill and Adams-stokes attack were reported in the course of carbamazepine treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of carbamazepine on the ouabain-induced arrhythmia in vivo. The rabbits of either sex, weighing from 1.6 to 3.2 kg were anesthetized by urethane. After the trachea was cannulated, the rabbits were ventilated with room air using a respirator. Drugs were given into polyethylene cannula in the femoral vein. Blood pressure were recorded by physiograph via pressure tranducer connected with the cannula in the femoral artery. EKG were recorded by physiograph via electrode implanted in both fore leg and left hind leg. The results are summarized as follows 1. Arrhythmia was induced by continuous infusion of ouabain (65±8.8 µg/kg). 2. Single administration of ouabain (64 µg/kg) induced arrhythmia which was persisted for 7-8 min. 3. Ouabain induced arrhythmia was restored to normal sinus rhythm by administration of carbamazepine (the more dosage, the less frequent and the longer duration). 4. Severe bradycardia, A-V block, atrial fibrillation were seen on the EKG after injection of carbamzepine alone. By the above results, it may be concluded that carbamzepine inhibits the ouabain-induced arrhythmia by dose-dependent.

The Clinical Analysis of Patient with Patent Ductus Arteriosus.: Myeun Shik Kang, Dong Hyup Lee, Cheol Joo Lee, Tae Eun Jung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):287-292. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.287

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Abstract PDF: A clinical analysis was performed on 61 cases of patent ductus arteriosus experienced at Yeungnam University Hospital during 3 years period from April, 1984 to December, 1986. Of the 61 patient of PDA, 13 patients were male and 48 patient were female and age ranged 2 months to 26 years old with the average age of 9.4 years. The chief complaints on admission were frequent URI and dyspnea on exertion. diagnostic procedure were Doppler echocardiogram (in 53 among 61). Three postoperative complication were developed, but there was no operative mortality.

A Clinical Study on Macrosomia.: Kang Wan Lee, Jong Wook Kim, Tae Hyung Lee, Wan Seok Park, Sung Ho Lee, Wun Yong Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):293-299. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.293

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Abstract PDF: Obstetric problems concerning macrosomia were evaluated by retrospective review of 91 pregnancies that resulted in the delivery of an infant weighing 4,000 gm or more at the Yeungnam University Hospital during 3 1/2 years from Jun 1983 to Oct 1986. The results obtained were as follows 1. Macrosomic infants weighing 4,000 gm or more occurred in 2.8% of the deliveries. 2. 65.9% of macrosomic infants and 53.5% of total infants were male. The ratio of male was statistically higher in the macrosomic infants than in the total infants (P<0.05) 3. The incidence of macrosomia was higher with increasing gestational age, and deliveries at 42 weeks or more gestation were more common in the macrosomic infants than in the total infants (P<0.01).

A Case Report of Primary Pericardial Malignant Epitheloid Mesothelioma.: Moon Ho Chung, Myung Soo Hyun, Young Jo Kim, Bong Sup Shim, Chong Suhi Kim, Dong Hyup Lee, Cheol Joo Lee, Myeun Shik Kang; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):301-306. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.301

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Abstract PDF: Primary pericardial mesothelioma is a rare tumor of mesodermal origin that is infrequently diagnosed antemortem and survival is short. A 60 year old male case of pericardial mesothelioma (epitheloid type) is reported. He was admitted to Yeungnam University Hospital because of chest pain, dyspnea, orthopnea and nonproductive cough. Chest x-ray suggested pericardial effusion. 2-D echocardiography showed echo free spaces of massive pericardial effusion and areas of thick hyperrefractile echoes arising from the pericardium. Pericardiocentesis was attempted and aspirated fluid was bloody exudates. Pericardial window operation with biopsy was done. Swan-Ganz catheterization showed equalization between right atrial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. The pathologic diagnosis was established by histologic finding at pericardial biopsy.

A case of Behcet's Disease with CNS Manifestations.: Dong Gu Shin, Myeong Gu Go, Kyeung Woo Yun, Chong Suhi Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):307-311. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.307

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Abstract PDF: Behcet's disease was originally described as a triple symptom complex of oral aphthous ulceration, genital ulceration, and hypopyon iritis. It is now known to have a wide systemic manifestations. Among them, the central nervous system involvement should be diagnosed earlier because of it's lethal potential. Recently the authors experienced a case of Behcet's disease with CNS involvement. A 51-year-old female patient was admitted due to deterioration of mentality and generalized ache since 2 years prior to admission. The findings on physical examination were compatible with Behcet's disease, but without cerebrospinal pleocytosis. The manifestations were improved with medications of prednisolone, chlorambucil, colchicines, but relapsed relapsed 2 months later during subsequent tapering of prednisolone and chlorambucil. The patient is now on medication again. A case of Behcet's disease with CNS manifestations is reported with review of literature.

1 Case of Primary Aldosteronism Caused by Adrenal Hyperplasia.: Shie Hwoa Park, Soo Bong Choi, Chong Suhi Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):313-318. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.313

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Abstract PDF: Primary aldosteronism is a disease that the stimulus for the excessive aldosterone production residues within the adrenal gland. It was first described by conn in 1955. And many cases were reported by physicians at present in the world. But it is relatively rare in Korea, probably due to lack of attention and medical facilities. Only about 13 cases have been reported at present. The clinical, biochemical feature in l case of primary aldosteronism caused by adrenal hyperplasia that was diagnosed at Yeungnam University Hospital was observed and the following result were obtained. 1. Clinical feature: The present case was 27-year-old woman who was admitted due to general weakness and easy fatigability. The above mentioned chief complaints occurred 8 months prior to admission when she delivered of second baby by cesarean section. Symptoms such as above chief complaints, intermittent muscle paralysis and cramping were noticed. Trousseau's sign was also present. The average blood pressure ranged from 170/90 to 200/120 2. Biochemical abnormalities: Severe hypokalemia lower than 2.5 mEq/L was presented and 24 hours urine potassium showed markedly increased urinary loss (228 mEq/day). Plasma rennin activity was decreased under normal range with furosemide administration. (Basal renin; 0.01 ng/ml/hr, stimulated rennin 0.12 ng/ml/hr). Saline suppression test revealed markedly elevated levels of aldosterone higher than normal range (Basal aldosterone; 320.68 pg/ml stimulated aldosterone; 451.86 pg/ml). And posture test showed decreased plasma rennin activity and increased plasma aldosterone level. 3. Adrenal CT scan revealed no abnormal findings. 4. Treatment and course: Spironolactione was given at OPD with regular follow-up. Her blood pressure ranged from 150/90 to 160/100 and symptoms were improved. The effect of treatment was satisfactory and further follow up would be performed.

Leriche Syndrome: A case report.: Won Jong Lee, Hong Jin Kim, Min Chul Shim, Sun Kyo Song, Koing Bo Kwun; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):319-323. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.319

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Abstract PDF: Leriche syndrome is a chronic disorder mostly in male and is a specific symptom complex due to thrombotic obliteration of the aortic bifurcation as result of an atherosclerotic change. The symptoms include 1) extreme liability to fatigue of both lower limbs; 2) symmetric atrophy of both lower limbs; 3) pallor of the legs and feets; 4) inability to maintain stable erection. There are several methods for surgical management of this disorder; 1) thromboendarterectomy with or without sympathectomy; 2) aortoiliac bypass graft; 3) aortofemoral bypass graft. Here we report a case of Leriche syndrome which was successfully managed with aortobifemoral bypass graft with Dacron and reviewed literatures on it briefly.

A Case of Hepatitis B Virus Associated Nephropathy.: Tae Nyeun Kim, Young Gon Lee, Kyeung Woo Yun, Chong Suhi Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):325-332. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.325

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Abstract PDF: Since Combes' first description of hepatitis B virus associated membranous glomerulonephritis, many reports have shown a strong association of hepatitis B virus infection with various types of nephropathies, especially membranous glomerulonephritis and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Recently, the authors experienced a case of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, type I in a 16-year-old male patient with persistent HBs and HBe antigenemia. One year prior to admission the patient was told of hepatitis at routine check, but he remained asymptomatic throughout. He was admitted to our hospital with chief complaints of proteinuria and microscopic hematuria found on routine urinalysis. Liver and kidney biopsy revealed chronic persistent hepatitis and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I, respectively. We report a case of hepatitis B virus associated nephropathy with review of the literatures. Considering the endemic nature of hepatitis B virus infection in Korea, the incidence of hepatitis B virus associated nephropathy would be proportionally high in comparison with those of other countries. So, the importance of this entity merits special consideration in our country. Further study concerning pathogenesis, epidemiology, and treatment may be needed.

Intestinal lipoma near the ileocecal calve Report of 3 cases and review of the literature.: Min Chul Shim, Soo Jung Lee, Hyun Sik Min, Koing Bo Kwun; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):333-337. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.333

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Abstract PDF: Three cases of intestinal lipoma near the ileocecal valve are described. In patients of cecal and ileocecal valve lipoma, they had right lower quadrant abdominal pain secondary to partial intestinal obstruction. In rarely developed segmental lipomatosis of the ileum, the patient had right abdominal mass and pain to fecal impaction of the diverticula. Diagnosis may be made by an abnormal roentgenographic pattern and confirmed by colonoscopy. Surgical removal of the affected segment results in cure in symptomatic patients.

A case Report of Splenic Abscess.: Min Chul Shim, Sun Kyo Song, Hong Jin Kim, Koing Bo Kwun; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):339-342. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.339

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Abstract PDF: Splenic abscess is an uncommon lesion and may be present either as a localized area of infection in the spleen or as a part of generalized sepsis. The diagnosis is difficult because of the rather nonspecific clinical picture. Hence, splenic abscess has a high mortality rate and is after diagnosed only at autopsy. Computerized tomography (CT) offers the clinician a reliable tool for the diagnosis of intra-abdominal abscess. A successful outcome is dependent on an early diagnosis and prompt treatment by splenectomy with antibiotic cover. We experienced a care of splenic abscess which was diagnosed by CT and treated by splenectomy with antibiotics. Postoperative course was relatively uneventful.

A BRW Stereotaxic Biopsy of Brain Stem Glioma.: Seung Chan Beak, Byung Yon Choi, Choong Bae Moon, Yong Chul Chi, Soo Ho Cho; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):343-349. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.343

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Abstract PDF: Histopathological diagnosis of brain stem glioma should be performed for the purpose of the determination of its management and clinical course, but its surgical biopsy has been followed by high mortality and morbidity. We performed the tissue sampling for histological examination with BRW stereotaxic system under local anesthesia successfully.

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: One Case Report.: T J Park, Hyun Sik Min, Bo Yang Suh, Koing Bo Kwun, Tae Sook Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):351-355. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.351

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Abstract PDF: Sclerosing cholangitis is an uncommon disease which involves either all or part of the exrahepatic biliary duct system and, occasionally, affects the intrahepatic biliary radicles. The disease has also been called “obliterative cholangitis” and “stenosing cholangitis”, in reference to a progressive thickening of the bile duct walls encroaching upon the lumen. Several authors have proposed that the term “primary sclerosing cholangitis” be reserved for cases in which there are no associated diseases, and that all other cases be classified as “secondary sclerosing cholangitis.” Many rigid criterias have been established for the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Recently the authors experienced one case of primary sclerosing cholangitis which was coincided with rigid criterias and was confirmed by operation with histologic examination. We present our case and review the literatures.

A Case of Metastatic Carcinoma of the Skin.: Byung Chun Mun, Kae Yong Hwang, Jong Soo Choi, Won Hee Choi, Tae Sook Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):357-360. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.357

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Abstract PDF: We report a case of metastatic carcinoma of the skin in 62-year-old male who showed multiple nodules on the anterior chest, scalp, face and left axilla for 2 months duration. He suffered from lower abdominal discomfortness for 6 months. Histopathologic findings revealed atypical cell nests and some tubular or glandular formation in the dermis and subcutaneous fat tissue. Material in the lumen showed diastase resistant and PAS positive, and alcian blue positive at pH 2.4, but negative pH 0.4. So it represented sialomucin. We did not find primary site of malignant tumor. In view of clinical and histopathological findings, it was considered to be originated from the large intestine.

Treatment of Carpal Scaphoid Fracture.: Won Jin Beck, Jae Sung Seo, Jong Chul Ahn, Joo Chul Ihn; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):361-366. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.361

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Abstract PDF: Fracture of the carpal scaphoid bone is the most common fracture of the carpus. Unfortunately, nonunion are common since the symptoms do not alert patents to seek early medical treatment and the diagnosis is easily missed. Fracture of the scaphoid is a common condition whose management remains controversial. The conservative treatment has many complications, these include inability to word while in plaster, stiffness of the wrist afterwards, muscle wasting, weakness and malunion. So various operative treatments of scaphoid fracture have been developed. Open reduction by use of screws suggested by Maclaughlin first in 1954. In 1984 a new and simple operative technique has been developed to provide rigid internal fixation for all types of fractures of the scaphoid by T.J. Herbert. This involves the use of a double-treaded bone screw which provides good fixation that, after operation, a plaster cast in rarely required and most patients are able to return to work within a few weeks. Authors have experienced 10 cases of scaphoid fracture and accomplished good result in all cases by internal fixation using Herbert screw. The results are as follows Of these 10 fractures, 2 were fresh fractures and 8 were nonunions of scaphoid fracture. In nonunion cases, the time interval between fracture and operation was from 5 months to 5 years. The postoperative immobilization period was average of 4 weeks. Short period of immobilization achieved early functional recovery of the wrist. The bony unions in roentgenogram were seen from 3 months to 9 months after operation. In 2 cases the fracture gap was seen after 9 months. But in these cases the symptoms such as pain and range of motion of wrist were improved.

9 Cases of Non-chromosomal Multiple Malformation Disorders with Psychomotor Retardation.: Han Ku Moon, Yong Hoon Park, Jeong Ok Hah; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):367-374. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.367

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Abstract PDF: To make better clinical diagnosis, authors reviewed 9 patients of nonchromosomal multiple malformation disorders with psychomotor retardation, who were evaluated at pediatric department of Yeungnam University hospital for recent 2 years. We could make clinical diagnosis in 5 patients out of 9 as Aarskog syndrome, BeckwithWiedemann syndrome, Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, Rubinstein Taybi syndrome and Weaver syndrome. But even in diagnosed cases, there were many discrepant findings in comparison with typical cases of reference literatures and family history was positive in only one case. Moreover we could not make diagnosis in 4 patients. Therefore we think it is necessary to make a survey of unique pattern, incidence, distribution and etiologic factors of malformation disorders in our country by geneticist and pediatrician as well as to improve the laboratory aids for better diagnosis and genetic counseling.

The Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis in Acute Renal Failure of Newborn and Young Infants.: Yong Hoon Park, Han Ku Moon; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):375-382. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.375

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Abstract PDF: We studied the effects of the acute intermittent peritoneal dialysis in severe acute renal failure of 1 newborn infant and 2 young infants during 18 months period from February 1985 to April 1986. The predisposing illnesses were severe acute gastroenteritis with dehydration. Reye's syndrome, and bilateral nephrolithiasis with hyperuricemia. The concomitant illnesses were severe hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulopathy). Paralytic ileus, metabolic acidosis and gastrointestinal bleeding. As a dialysate, Imperinol solutionR, 1.5% was used in all cases. The cycles of dialysis were 8, 16, and 41 times in each cases. Observed complications during dialysis were leakage, and abdominal wall and scrotal swelling in 2 cases, hyperglycemia in 1 case, and peritonitis in 1 case. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was cultured in peritoneal fluid of peritonitis. These complications were treated by stopping dialysis in leakage and abdominal wall swelling, insulin therapy in hyperglycemia, and intraperitoneal and systemic antibiotics therapy in peritonitis. We experienced improvements of severe acute renal failure with variable concomitant illnesses by acute intermittent peritoneal dialysis despite of the treatable complications of dialysis in all cases.

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