Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Volume 14(1); June 1997

Reviews

Epstein-Bar Virus and Head and Neck Cancer.: J S Suh, C H Bae; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):1-12. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.1

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Histological Classification of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Brest.: D S Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):13-20. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.13

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Lung Volume Reduction Surgery(LVRS) for Severe Emphysema.: J C Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):21-32. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.21

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

A Review of Protein Carabolic Rate and Kt/V in Hemodialysis.: K W Yoon; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):33-45. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.33

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Original Articles

The Charateristics of Glycogen Metabolism of Diaphragm in Rats.: Bok Hyun Nam, Eun Jung Kim, Suck Kang Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):46-52. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.46

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Abstract PDF: Diaphragm is though to play the most role in breathing and has a substantially greater proportion of slow oxidative and fast glycolytic fibers, and low proportion of fast oxidative fibers. The respiratory muscle, diaphragm, has the functional characteristics of slow speed of contraction, high resistance to fatigue and the ability to respond to intermittent ventilatory loads, for example of exercise. In the present study, the characteristics of the metabolism (depletion and repletion) of glycogen and the structural changes of diaphragm during depletion and repletion of glycogen were observed in rats. For comparison, the red gastrocnemius muscle which has a greater proportion of fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) and slow oxidative (SO) fibers, and low proportion of fast glycolytic (FG) fiber, was also studied. The glycogen concentration of diaphragm in overnight fasted rats was 2.30+/-0.14mg/gm wet weight. The values of glycogen concentration at 60, 90 and 120minutes of treadmill exercise loaded rats was significantly decreased compared to that of the overnight fasted rats. There was no significant difference among the glycogen concentration of diaphragm at 60, 90 and 120minutes of exercises. The glycogen concentration of diaphragm was decreased to 1.12+/-0.17 from 2.30+/-0.14mg/gm wet weight by treadmill exercise. The glycogen depletion rats of diaphragm during exercise was faster than that of red gastrocnemius in both of the first 60minutes and 120minutes duration of exercise. The glycogen repletion of diaphragm after intragastric glucose administration by stomach tube was studied in control and exercise groups. The glycogen concentration was significantly increased after glucose administration in both of the control and exercise groups. All of the concentration of exercise group at 60, 120 and 180minutes after glucose administration was significantly higher than those of control group. In conclusion, one of the characterics of diaphragm in glycogen metabolism is fast glycogen depletion during exercise, and slowness of glycogen repletion after glucose ingestion in rats.

Effect of Acutely Increased Glucose Uptake on Insurin Sensitivity in Rats.: Yong Woon Kim, Youl In Ma, Suck Kang Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):53-66. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.53

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Abstract PDF: Insulin resistance is a prominent feature of diabetic state and has heterogeneous nature. However, the pathogenetic sequence of events leading to the emergence of the defect in insulin action remains controversial. It is well-known that prolonged hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are one of the causes of development of insulin resistance, but both hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia stimulate glucose uptake in peripheral tissue. Therefore, it is hypothesized that insulin resistance may be generated by a kind of protective mechanism preventing cellular hypertrophy. In this study, to evaluate whether the acutely increased glucose uptake inhibits further glucose transport stimulated by insulin, insulin sensitivity was measured after preloaded glucose infusion for 2 hours at various conditions in rats. And also, to evaluate the mechanism of decreased insulin sensitivity, insulin receptor binding affinity and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein of plasma membrane of gastrocnemius muscle were assayed after hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies. Experimental animals were divided into five groups according to conditions of preloaded glucose infusion: group I, basal insulin (14+/-1.9 micronU/ml) and basal glucose (75+/-0.7 mg/dl), by normal saline infusion; group II, normal insulin (33+/-3.8 micronU/ml) and hyperglycemia (207+/-6.3 mg/dl), by somatostatin and glucose infusion; group III, hyperinsulinemia (134+/-34.8 micronU/ml) and hyperglycemia (204+/-4.6 mg/dl), by glucose infusion; IV, supramaximal insulin (100+/-2.2 mg/dl), by insulin and glucose infusion; group V, supramaximal insulin(4813+/-687.9 micronU/ml) and hyperglycemia (233+/-3.1 mg/dl), by insulin and glucose infusion. Insulin sensitivity was assessed with hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique. The amounts of preloaded glucose infusion(gm/kg) were 1.88+/-0.151 in group II, 2.69+/-0.239 in group III, 3.54+/-0.198 in groupIV, and 4.32+/-0.621 in group V. Disappearance rates of glucose (Rd, mg/kg/min) at steady state of hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies were 16.9+/-3.88 in group I, 13.5+/-1.05 in group II, 11.2+/-1.17 in group III, 13.2+/-2.05 in group IV, and 10.4+/-1.01 in group V. A negative correlation was observed between amount of preloaded glucose and Rd )r=-0.701, p<0.001) when all studies were combined. Insulin receptor binding affinity and content of GLUT4 were not significantly different in all experimental groups. These results suggest that increased glucose uptake may inhibit further glucose transport and lead to decreased insulin sensitivity.

Expression of Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein(MRP), c-myc and c-fos in L1210 Cells.: Seong Yong Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):67-76. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.67

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Abstract PDF

The occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main obstacles in the successful chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. In this study The gene expressions of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), c-myc and c-fos were investigated in L1210 cells. Adriamycin- or vincristine-resistant L1210 cells, L1210AdR or L1210VcR, respectively, has been identified to overexpression of mdrl gene. The expression leve of MRP gene in L1210AdR and L1210Cis was more decreased than that in L1210 cells. The c-myc and c-fos genes were expressed both in L1210 and resistant sublines. In L1210VcR and L1210Cis, c-myc and c-fos genes were decreased than in L1210. However, in L1210VcR and L1210Cis, c-myc and c-fos gene expression were rather increased than L1210. These results suggested that MRP does not contribute in resistance of drug-resistant L1210 cells and there is no relations between MRP and mdrl gene expression. The expression of c-myc and c-fos gene may be changed during transformation of L1210 to drug-resistant sublines.

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Suppression of P-glycoprotein expression by antipsychotics trifluoperazine in adriamycin-resistant L1210 mouse leukemia cells
Soon Young Shin, Byeong Hyeok Choi, Jae-Ryong Kim, Jung-Hye Kim, Young Han Lee
European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.2006; 28(4): 300. CrossRef

The Measurement of Blood Flow of Anterior Cerebral Artery in Premature Newborns Using Duplex Dopple Ultrasonography.: Mi Soo Hwang, Kyeung Kug Bae, Jae Kyo Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):77-84. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.77

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Abstract PDF: We measured the blood flow velocity of the anterior cerebral artery via anterior fontanelle approach of fifty five preterm neonates with duplex Doppler sonography and analyzed the waveform and calculated pulsatility index were increased with increasing gestational age, birth weight, and age of the neonate, but resistive indices decreased. In sick babies, characteristic resistive index increment were seen in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage, but no statistical difference was seen in patients with respiratory distress syndrome. Our results suggest that duplex Doppler sonography is a use ful noninvasive means of monitoring cerebrohemodynamics in normal pretem neonates and flow change of sick babies.

Status of the Use and Assessment of Order-Communicating System(OCS) in Emergency Care Center.: Sam Beom Lee, Jun Young Chung, Byung Soo Do; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):85-93. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.85

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Hospital information system has been widely used and increased recently for a variety of many aspects. And Order-Communication System(OCS), as like as hospital information system, has been used in many medical care facilities, which is simple and easily accessible, useful system. Also then the use of OCS in emergency care center in YUMC has been introduced sine 1996. 10, above 70% of availability is notice at present and increasing in the use rate, is considered that is very simple and accurate, time-saving, widely applicable system. So authors say that, after the use of OCS in emergency care center, interhospital exchange of the patient's information and also accomplishment of EMSS can be possible.

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A CAOPI System Based on APACHE II for Predicting the Degree of Severity of Emergency Patients
Young-Ho Lee, Un-Gu Kang, Eun-Young Jung, Eun-Sil Yoon, Dong-Kyun Park
Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information.2011; 16(1): 175. CrossRef

The Clinical Study of Clarithromycin for the Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.: Ki Beom Kim, Chang Jin Shin, Hak Jun Lee, Jin Hong Chung, Kwan Ho Lee, Hyun Woo Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):94-100. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.94

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Abstract PDF: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of clarithromycin in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, we administered clarithromycin(250mg) twice in a day in 30 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from September to November in 1996. Twenty eight eases of 30 patients were cured(93.4%) and 2 cases(6.7%) show clinical improvement. Three cases were improved within 3 days of treatment and 24 cases were improved between 5 days and 12 days of treatment. There were no significant side effects. These results suggest that clarithromycin will be effective as a first line therapy in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Distribution of Weakness at the Lower Extremity of Hemiparesis Patients.: Gun Ju Park, Jung Sang Hah, Wook Nyeun Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):101-110. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.101

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Abstract PDF: The maximal voluntary strength of knee extension and flexion on both the right and left sides was measured in patients with hemiparesis of upper motor neuron type and in a group of normal subjects. Significant differences of maximal voluntary strength were found between male and female but the ratio of flexor to extensor strength did not vary significantly between the sides, between the exs in normal subjects. The maximal voluntary strength of uninvolved side were not reduced significantly but involved side reduced significantly in patients. The ratio of flexor to extensor strength in hemiparetic side was significantly less than the ratio for the normal subjects but not significant difference in uninvolved side of patients. According to the above results, the maximal voluntary strength of flexion was more reduced than that of the extension on lower extremity of hemiparesis patients. The strength ratio of flexion to extension was a useful parameter for guiding the rehabilitation of hemiparesis.

Utility of H-reflex in the Diagnosis Cervical Radiculopathy.: Jun Lee, Gun Ju Park, Hyun Cheol Doo, Sung Geon Park, Yun Seog Jeong, Jung Sang Hah; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):111-122. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.111

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Abstract PDF

H-reflex is a kind of late respons which can be used for the proximal nerve conduction study. Also it is a useful and widely used nerve conduction technique es to look electrically at the monosynaptic reflex. Although recordable from all muscles theoretically, H-reflexes are most commonly recorded from the calf muscles following stimulation of the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. But in this study, We tried to establish the normal data and to evaluate the significance of the H-reflex study in cervical radiculopathy. H-reflexes were recorded from flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle, extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscle, brachioradialis (BR) muscle, and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle in 31 normal adults (62 cases) and 12 patients with cervical radiculopathy. The mean values of H-reflex latency in normal control group were 16.16+/- 1.65 msec in FCR; 15.99+/- 1.25 msec in ECR; 16.47+/- 1.59 msec in BR; 24.46+/- 1.42 msec in ADM. And the mean values of side to side difference of H-reflex latency were 0.47+/- 0.48 msec in FCR; 0.68+/- 0.72 msec in ECR; 0.63+/- 0.43 msec in BR; 22.31+/- 1.24 msec in ADM. Mean values of side to side differences of interlatency time were 0.49+/-0.47 msec in FCR; 0.73+/- 0.62 msec in ECR; 0.79+/- 0.71 msec in BR; 0.69+/- 0.44 msec in ADM. Also, there were no significant differences in H-reflex latency between right and left side. H-reflex tests in patient group with cervical radiculopathy revealed abnormal findings in 11 out of 12 patients. These results suggest that H-reflex in the upper extremity would be helpful in the diagnosis of the cervical radiculopathy.

Citations

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Retraining Reflexes: Clinical Translation of Spinal Reflex Operant Conditioning
Amir Eftekhar, James J.S. Norton, Christine M. McDonough, Jonathan R. Wolpaw
Neurotherapeutics.2018; 15(3): 669. CrossRef
Abnormal Flexor Carpi Radialis H-Reflex as a Specific Indicator of C7 as Compared With C6 Radiculopathy
Chaojun Zheng, Yu Zhu, Feizhou Lv, Xiaosheng Ma, Xinlei Xia, Lixun Wang, Xiang Jin, Robert Weber, Jianyuan Jiang, Kevin Anuvat
Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology.2014; 31(6): 529. CrossRef
Utility of Flexor Carpi Radialis H-Reflex in Diagnosis of Cervical Radiculopathy
Dariush Eliaspour, Ehsan Sanati, Mohammad Reza Hedayati Moqadam, Seyed Mansoor Rayegani, Mohammad Hasan Bahrami
Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology.2009; 26(6): 458. CrossRef

The Development of the Korean Form of Childhoood Attention Problem(CAP) Scale: A Study on the Reliability and Validity.: Wan Seok Seo, Jong Bum Lee, Hyung Bae Park, Hyea Soo Suh, Kwang Hun Lee, Jeong Kyn Sakong; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):123-136. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.123

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a Korean form of Childhood Attention Problem(CAP) scale. CAP were administered to 98 normal elementary school students as control group and 98 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients. Male students showed high scores than female students in both subscale and total scores, but not statistically significant. There were no significant difference in CAP scale between male students and female students in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients. In the reliability test, the test-retest reliability coefficient was highly satisfactory and that of inattention subscale was 0.83, impulsivity subscale was 0.70 and total score was 0.82. In the reliability test by internal consistency, the Cronbach a coefficient was highly satisfactory and that of inattention subscale was 0.91, overactivity subscale was 0.89(p<0.05). The concurrent validity between CAP scale and ADDES-HV scale was 0.85 in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patient group and 0.73 in normal control group(p<0.05). In discriminant validity test between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patient group and normal control group, the patient group showed higher score(p<0.05). The total discriminant capacity of the patient group in CAP was 93.4%. In this point of view, CAP scale showed high reliability and validity in applying to Korean subjects and was proved to be the good and simple screening test tool for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder research and can help many young patient to treat early.

Utilization of Supercompensated Glycogen of Hindlimb Muscles during Strenous Exercise in Rats.: Chun Bae Jun, Jong Chul Ahn, Dae Deup Song, Suck Kang Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):137-154. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.137

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Abstract PDF: The aim of the present investigation has been to evaluate the depletion pattern of the supercompensated glycogen of hindlimb muscles during strenous exercise in rats. The plan of the maximizing muscle glycogen stores is based on the fact that a glycogen-depleted muscle by exercise will have an increased avidity for glycogen when exposed to a high carbohydrate diet. The glycogen concentration of soleus, red gastrocnemius and plantaris muscle, and liver was measured at 0, 30 and 60 minutes during treadmill exercise. The experimental animals were divided into 5 group - Normal(N), Control(C), 1Hour(1HR:after 1hour of glucose ingestion), 2Hour(2HR:after 2hour of glucose ingestion) and Exercise-1Hour(EX-1HR:glucose ingestion after 1 hour of preloading treadmill exercise)group - for glycogen storage study. The glycogen concentration of soleus, red gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles in N group was 4.57+/-0.34, 5.11+/-0.24 and 6.55+/-0.20 mg/gm wet wt., respectively. The glycogen concentration of soleus and red gastrocnemius in EX-1HR group were about 1.9 and 1.8 times than that of N group, respectively, but the concentration of plantaris was not higher than that of N group. The glycogen concentration of liver in N group was 41.0+/-1.47mg/gm wet wt. and the concentration of the overnight fasted C group wad only 2.9% of the value of N group. The level of glycogen concentration of liver in the other glucose ingested groups(1HR, 2HR, including EX-1HR) was within 19 - 32% of that of N group. The blood glucose concentration of EX-1HR group was higher than that of N group, the plasma free fatty acid concentration of C and 2HR group was higher than that of N group, and the plasma insulin concentration of EX-1HR group was higher than that of N group. The concentration of supercompensated glycogen of soleus and red gastrocnemius were rapidly decreased during 30 minutes of exercise but there was almost no changes of the concentration during the other 30 minutes of continuing exercise. The concentration of N group during 30 minutes of exercise was decreased but more slowly than those of EX-1HR group. The remaining level of glycogen after 60 minutes of exercise in EX-1HR group was higher than that of N group. Taken together, the mobilization of endogenous muscle glycogen at the first stage of exercise was proportioned to the intial level of glycogen concentration, and later on, when exercise continued, the muscle glycogen level was stabilized. And the remaining level of supercompensated muscle glycogen after 60 minutes of exercise was higher than that of normally stored glycogen level. The mobilization of the glycogen stroed in slow and fast oxidative muscle fibers is faster than in the fast glycolytic muscle fibers during strenous exercise.

Detection of Serum Hepatitis B Virus DNA According to HBV Markers in Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Disease.: Dong Jun Lee, Jin Su Choi, Joon Hwan Kim, Heon Ju Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):155-167. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.155

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Abstract PDF: The identification of serum HBV DNA is very important for the assessment of the disease activity in persistent infection, for the evaluation of the infectivity of an individuals blood. The dot blot, however, has limited sensitivity and sometimes inconsistent with other serological markers and clinical settings. Using the most important recent advance in molecular biology, the polymerase chain reaction(PCR), specific DNA sequences can be amplified more than a million-fold in a few hours and with this technique the detection of the extreme low level of DNA is possible. This study was to determine sensitivity of the PCR for the detection of serum HBV DNA in comparison with dot blot analysis and to investigate the serum HBV DNA status and clinical significance of PCR in patients with chronic HBsAg positive liver disease. The subjects of this study were 17 patients with asymptomatic HBsAg carriers(9 HBeAg positive patients, 8 anti-HBe positive patients), 91 chronic hepatitis B(50 HBeAg positive patients, 41 anti-HBe positive patients), 57 liver cirrhosis(21 HBeAg positive patients, 36 anti-HBe positive patients), 27 hepatocellular carcinoma(10 HBeAg positive patients, 17 anti-HBe positive patients). The results were summerized as following; The detection rates of HBV DNA by dot blot, PCR were 58.9%, 72.2% in HBeAg positive patients, 34.3%, 53.9% in anti-HBe positive patients. The detection rates of HBV DNA by PCR in HBeAg negative patients were 25.0% in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, 61.0% in chronic hepatitis B, 52.8% in liver cirrhosis, 52.9% in hepatocellular carcinoma. The positive rate for HBV DNA is a significant difference between HBeAg positive and negative asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, but not significantly difference in other groups. In conclusions, this study confirmed that the PCR is much more sensitive than the dot blot analysis in detecting the HBV DNA in the sera of patients with chronic liver disease. The presence of HBV DNA in the serum was detected by PCR with higher sensitivity and it suggested that active viral replication is still going on in most patients with chronic HBsAg positive liver disease irrespective of HBeAg/anti-HBe status, and PCR may be used as a prognostic factor in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers.

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