Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Review Articles

Anatomy of Low Back Pain: Seong-Ho Kim, Soo-Ho Cho; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S203-211. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S203

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The sinuvertebral nerve(SVN) supplies the laterodorsal outer annulus of the intervertebral disc, the posterior longitudinal ligament(PLL), the anterior 2/3 of the dural sac and the anterior vascular plexus. Many blood vessels pass through the lateral neural canal: the anterior and posterior spinal canal branches, anterior and posterior radicular branches, and veins of the anterior and posterior internal vertebral venous plexus. The PLL is assumed to play an important role in proprio- and nociception. In the neighborhood of the SVN, other small branches emanate from the rami communicantes and join the dorsal ramus and the segmental artery that enters the neural canal. The sympathetic nerve plexus inside the anterior longitudinal ligament and the SVNs provide a network of nerve fibers around the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. These pathways explain the sympathetic component of the innervation of a number of spinal structures. The dorsal ramus innervates the facet joints at the corresponding level and one below, before it gives off muscular and cutaneous branches.

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Protocol for Ultrasound-guided Acupotomy Procedure at Ligament Flavum
Kyungho Kang, Kichang Oh, Jaehyo Kim, Hongmin Chu
Journal of Korean Medical Society of Acupotomology.2023; 7(1): 1. CrossRef
Relationship Between Low Back Pain and Depression Among Some Elderly
Seong-Woo Yun, Kyeong-Ae Oh
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(3): 1599. CrossRef

Risks Associated with Contamination of Environment by Abandoned Mines: Joon Sakong; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S212-220. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S212

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About 1,000 metal mines have been abandoned all over the country in the Korea. Major reasons for mine closure may be mainly due to poor economies of the commodity making mining unprofitable, and technical difficulties. Abandoned mines are known to contaminate soil, surface water, and private drinking water wells with toxic metals and arsenic (As). Little attention is given, however, to sites in rural areas with low population densities where natural, geologic sources of contaminants might also occur. Abandoned heavy metal mines have been identified as one of the major concerns because of their significant long-term environmental problems. The topic of abandoned mines is complex because of the associated financial and legal liability implications. 1) In the Korea, most of the metal mine were in operation from 1940s to 1970s, before ceasing operation because of the decline in world market price for the commodity. Mine-waste calcines (retorted ore) were produced during mining and these calcines were dumped into nearby mine. It is estimated that about 50,000 people reside in the nearby abandoned mines. Recently the Korean government decided to apply public health assessment for the investigation of increasing complaints of unusual symptoms or public concern among residents of vicinity of abandoned mines. Several health reports revealed significant elevation of blood lead, cadmium, mercury and urine arsenic levels exceeding the background level or recommended exposure level. Even though the heavy metal specific toxic symptoms were not found, the association was seen between high blood metal levels and the distance from dumping area to residential district. These findings emphasizes the need to test soil, corps and drinking water in the vicinity of abandoned mines to determine the extent of risk to human health and to reduce the estimated carcinogenic risk and the noncarcinogenic hazard.

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Association between levels of exposure to heavy metals and renal function indicators of residents in environmentally vulnerable areas
Jung-Yeon Kwon, Seungho Lee, Ulziikhishig Surenbaatar, Hyoun-Ju Lim, Byoung-Gwon Kim, Sang-Yong Eom, Yong Min Cho, Woo Jin Kim, Byeng-Chul Yu, Kwan Lee, Young-Seoub Hong
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Water Consumption as Source of Arsenic, Chromium, and Mercury in Children Living in Rural Yucatan, Mexico: Blood and Urine Levels
F. Arcega-Cabrera, L. F. Fargher, I. Oceguera-Vargas, E. Noreña-Barroso, L. Yánez-Estrada, J. Alvarado, L. González, R. Moo-Puc, N. Pérez-Herrera, M. Quesadas-Rojas, S. Pérez-Medina
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.2017; 99(4): 452. CrossRef
Blood levels of cadmium and lead in residents near abandoned metal mine areas in Korea
Dong-UK Park, Dae-Seon Kim, Seung-Do Yu, Kyeong-Min Lee, Seung-Hun Ryu, Soo-Geun Kim, Won-Ho Yang, Doo-Yong. Park, Yeong-Seoub Hong, Jung-Duck Park, Byung-Kook Lee, Jai-Dong Moon, Joon Sakong, Seung-Chul Ahn, Jung-Min Ryu, Soon-Won Jung
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2014; 186(8): 5209. CrossRef
Blood Cadmium Concentration of Residents Living near Abandoned Metal Mines in Korea
Young-Seoub Hong, Byung-Kook Lee, Jung-Duck Park, Joon Sakong, Jae-Wook Choi, Jai-Dong Moon, Dae-Seon Kim, Byoung-Gwon Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(5): 633. CrossRef
Association of arsenic levels in soil and water with urinary arsenic concentration of residents in the vicinity of closed metal mines
YongMin Cho, SungChul Seo, Seung-Hyun Choi, SeungKil Lee, KyungHee Kim, Hae-Joon Kim, Jae-Wook Choi
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.2013; 216(3): 255. CrossRef
Assessment of exposure to heavy metals and health risks among residents near abandoned metal mines in Goseong, Korea
Kyunghee Ji, Jungkon Kim, Minjung Lee, Soyoung Park, Ho-Jang Kwon, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Jae-Yeon Jang, Dae-Seon Kim, Seungdo Yu, Young-Wook Kim, Kwang-Young Lee, Seoung-Oh Yang, Ik Jae Jhung, Won-Ho Yang, Do-Hyun Paek, Yun-Chul Hong, Kyungho Choi
Environmental Pollution.2013; 178: 322. CrossRef
Blood lead levels of residents living around 350 abandoned metal mines in Korea
Nam-Soo Kim, Joon Sakong, Jae-Wook Choi, Young-Seoub Hong, Jai-Dong Moon, Byung-Kook Lee
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2012; 184(7): 4139. CrossRef
The Effect of Exposure Factors on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Residents Near Abandoned Metal Mines
Sanghoo Kim, Yong-Min Cho, Seung-Hyun Choi, Hae-Joon Kim, Jaewook Choi
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2011; 44(1): 41. CrossRef
Relationship between Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Soil with the Blood and Urine of Residents around Abandoned Metal Mines
Bong-Ki Jang, Sang-Il Park, Nam-Soo Kim, Kyung-Sick Jung, Byung-Kook Lee, Jong-Wha Lee
Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2011; 37(5): 348. CrossRef

Clinical Update: Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Byung Ik Jang; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S221-233. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S221

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Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) which is well known as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis is a chronic disorder that repeats improvement and exacerbation. The possible causes of the disease are environmental factors, genetic factors and immune deficiency resulted from bacterial infection. Recently, IL-23 is proved to be a main cytokine which has a central role in Crohn’s disease. The diagnosis of IBD is made by clinical manifestation, serologic test, endoscopic finding and histologic finding. The mainstay of remission and maintenance therapy of ulcerative colitis is 5-aminosalicylate(5-ASA). Steroid can be used in severe or refractory case and nowadays, budesonide shows a good effect with minimal side effects. In cases of steroid dependent, we can use the immunomodulators such as azathioprine, cyclosporin and 6-thioguanine. The cytokine associated with inflammation of IBD has been emphasized and the treatment which targets the cytokine such as tumor necrosis factor is tried. Infliximab and adalimumab block tumor necrosis factors-a and they are proved the efficacy by many clinical trial. Leukocytapheresis(LCAP) is tried in ulcerative colitis since 1980 in Japan. When we treat IBD patients, we need to consider all the things such as safety, side effects and economy of the patients. We expect that the development of new biologic agent which is more cost effective and more effect with more convinience.

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Cytokine
Eun Young Choi, Kwang Keun Cho, In Soon Choi
Journal of Life Science.2013; 23(3): 448. CrossRef

Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Woo-Hyung Kwun; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S234-244. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S234

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Abstract PDF: Venous insufficiency can be divided into primary venous insufficiency and chronic venous insufficiency. The latter is characterized by advanced skin changes of hyperpigmentation, edema, ulceration, scarring from healed ulcers or open ulcerations. Pretreatment evaluation is done with a standing ultrasound reflux examination. Thorough mapping of extremity reflux is desirable. Physiologic tests of venous function, such as plethysmography, are unnecessary. Treatment is directed at closing refulxing axial veins as well as controlling those perforating veins with outward flow. Varicose veins contribute to axial reflux and must be obliterated. In performing ablation of saphenous vein reflux, techniques include high ligation with strrpping, radiofrequency ablation, endovenous laser therapy, and foam sclerotherapy. Initial treatment of severe chronic venous insufficiency is usually carried out by controlling the edema with elastic bandaging or nonelastic support, such as Unna boot or the CircAid dressing. Incompetent perforation interruption can be accomplished surgically by subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) or controlled sclerotherapy using ultrasound.. Surgical intervention has been successful but the advent of foam sclerotherapy has proven to be an attractive alternative to surgery and has added a new tool for the treatment of severe chronic venous insufficiency.1)

Role of Radiation Therapy in Treatment of Stomach Cancers: Sang Mo Yun, Myung Se Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S245-251. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S245

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Abstract PDF: Although occasionally used as a therapeutic modality, radiotherapy was not a routine part of the treatment of stomach cancer. As a single modality, preoperative radiotherapy showed some benefit, but this was not confirmed in radomized trial. In recent neoadjuvant trials, radiotherapy is usually given concurrently with chemotherapy, and pathologic complete response rates was about 30%. There were small studies of radiotherapy as an adjuvant, either alone or with chemotherapy, but the randomized studies using postoperative radiotherapy alone did not show a survival benefit. The results of intergroup gastric adjuvant trial(INT 0116) were presented in May 2000 at American Society of Clinical Oncology. In that report, postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy showed survival benefit. INT 0116 has established postoperative chemoradiotherapy as the standard care for high risk patients with resected stomach cancer. But, INT 0116 had several weak points including lack of standardized nodal dissection and delivery rates of treatments. So, Asian and European investigators did not agree. Korean study showed benefit of postoperative chemoradiotherapy after D2 dissection, but this study was not randomized. Recently, Korean investigators started randomized trial of chemoradiotherapy in D2 dissected patients. This trial may give answer to us about the benefit of postoperative chemoradiotherapy in resected stomach cancer.

Clinical Manifestation and Psychopharmacotherpy of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: Wan Seok Seo; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S252-261. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S252

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Abstract PDF: Pediatric bipolar disorder(BD) is one of the significant psychiatric health problems, which begins in childhood, has chronic persisting clinical course and leads impairs academic, occupational and legal problems of the patients. Fortunately, there has been increasing recognition of pediatric bipolar disorder during the past 10 years, even there are still controversy about clinical features and diagnosis. The clinical presentation of pediatric BD is greatly different to classic BD, relatively higher percentage of mixed, rapid cycling subtypes, not episodic and chronic lasting nature. In addition, pediatric BD has many comorbid psychiatric conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorder and that makes more difficult to treat the patients with pediatric BD. To reduce confusion about diagnosis, the National Institute of Mental Health Research Roundtable divided pediatric BD into narrow and broad phenotype. 1) Given the paucity of medication trial studies of pediatric BD, no psychotrophic medications have been approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration, except lithium. There have been a few open trials and retrospective chart reviews on the efficacy and side effects of mood stabilizers, anticonvulsants and atypical antipsychotics. More short and long-term randomized, double blind, well controlled trials of medication for pediatric BD are needed.

Methods of Margin Assessment in Breast Conserving Surgery: Young Kyung Bae; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S262-269. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S262

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Breast conserving surgery has become the preferred method of treatment for breast cancer. Therefore clear surgical margin is critical to minimize the risk of local recurrence. Although paraffin section of inked surgical margin is the gold standard for margin assessment, this process is time consuming, and results are not available until after the operation. Several methods of intraoperative margin assessment are available including gross evaluation of the tumor specimen, specimen slice radiography, pathologic evaluation with touch preparation cytology or frozen section analysis. Here I review three methods of pathologic evaluation -macroscopic evaluation, touch preparation cytology, and frozen section- and deal with problems and pitfalls that can happen in routine diagnostic fields.

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A Study on the Quality of a Frozen Section of Breast Resection Margin during Breast-Conserving Surgery
Byung-Il Choi, Su-Sie Chin
The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2021; 53(3): 233. CrossRef

Osteoimmunology: Daewon Jeong; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S270-276. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S270

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Bone is the only solid organ and serves as a mechanical support and a reservoir of minerals. Bone homeostasis is achieved by the balance between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteoblasts, which are derived from mesenchymal stem cells, secrete bone matrix proteins and promote mineralization. Otherwise, osteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) that are capable of differentiating into all immune cells and resorb bone matrix by acid decalcification and proteolytic degradation. Osteobalsts and osteoclasts are an important role in the regulation of HSC niche and development, showing that bone remodeling was linked to hematopoietic regulation. Long-lived memory T and B cells and bone cells coexist in the bone marrow reservoir as well as activated T cells that mediate adaptive immune system and osteoclasts that regulate bone turnover share a common molecules that are essential for their development and differentiation. In addition, activated T cell-expressed RANKL directly stimulates osteoclastogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that there is the interplay between the immune-related cells and bone remodeling-related cells. This review will discuss the osteoimmunology, an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the cross-talk between bone and the immune cells.

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The Study on the Korean and Western Medical Literatures for Aging and Skin Aging
Jung-Min Han, Woo-Shin Ko, Hwa-Jung Yoon
The Journal of Korean Oriental Medical Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology.2014; 27(1): 45. CrossRef

Selenium Metabolism: Daewon Jeong; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S277-282. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S277

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Abstract PDF: Selenium is an essential biological trace element in mammals and adults should be intake 100 μg per day. Selenium is inserted into selenoproteins as selenocysteine (Sec), which is encoded by the UGA “STOP” codon in open reading frame. The translational process for selenoproteins in mammals is achieved by various components, such as the selenocysteineinsertion- sequence (SECIS) in the untranslated region of mRNA, the SECIS-binding protein SBP2, the Sec-specific translation factor EF-Sec, and the Sec-specific tRNASec. Generally, most selenoproteins including glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase exhibit antioxidant function to protect cells from oxidative stress. In addition, thyroxine deiodinase plays an important role in the control of thyroid hormone metabolism. These results indicate that the adequate diet of selenium is essential for maintaining redox status and hormone. On the other hand, a deficiency intake of selenium shows Keshan’s disease (cardiomyopathy), Kashin-Beck disease (osteoarthritis), white muscle disease, and cretinism as well as an excessive intake of selenium results in toxic symptoms, including blind staggers and alkaline diseases. Therefore, an adequate intake of selenium is necessary to maintain in vivo function. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of selenium in vivo.

Treatment of Rectal Cancer: Sang Hun Jung, Jae Hwang Kim, Min Chul Shim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S283-295. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S283

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Abstract PDF: Treatment for rectal cancer continues to develop towards the improved local control and overall survival, maintaining quality of life, and preserving sphincter, genitourinary, and sexual function. Preoperative assessment for tumor depth, lymph node, and distant metastasis has an important role on treatment plan. Preoperative staging is used to determine the indication for neoadjuvant therapy as well as the indication for local excision versus radical cancer resection. Local excision is likely to be curative in patients whose tumor are confined to the submucosa without regional lymph and systemic metastasis. Total mesorectal excision (TME) and autonomic nerve preservation are standard procedure for advanced rectal cancer. In patients with advanced tumor stage (T3/T4 and/or N1) with no distant metastasis, preoperative chemoradiation followed by radical resection has become widely accepted recently.

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