Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Tae Hyung Lee

27 Articles

Two Cases of Congenital Vaginal Absence: Sung Chul Park, Hyun Jin Shin, Hyo Hyun Kim, Tae Hyung Lee, Sung Ho Lee, Doo Jin Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S710-718. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S710

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Abstract PDF: Congenital absence of vagina(Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome) is found between 1 in 4,000 and 20,000 female births, and is frequently associated with various urinary tract and skeletal anomalies. As the patients have normal ovarian functions, they appear as normal female phenotype and have normal female karyotype 46, XX. Inability of coitus is one of the main problems they have, so the goal of treatment is to create a vagina adequate to allow sexual activity. Both surgical and nonsurgical approaches have been utilized. The authors experienced two cases of congenital absence of vagina successfully treated by surgical and nonsurgical method.

Two Cases of Extrapelvic endometriosis following Laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy and Cesarean section.: Jei Jun Bae, Mi Sun Lim, Min Whan Koh, Tae Hyung Lee, Mi Jin Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(1):91-96. Published online June 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.1.91

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Extrapelvic endometriosis is a rare disease. The majority of extrapelvic endometriosis cases involve scar tissue following obstetric and gynecologic procedures. We have treated two cases of extrapelvic incisional endometriosis. A 39 year old female patient with cyclic vaginal spotting after laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy due to uterine myoma and a 35 year old female patient with a painful palpable abdominal mass after cesarean section. Both underwent complete excision and were proven to have endometriosis by pathology. Here we report on both cases and review the medical literatures.

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A Case of Pleural Endometriosis Presented as Right Sided Hemothorax in a Patient Who Underwent Kidney Transplantation
Eun-Hye Shin, Bo-Mi Shin, Yeon-Jung Ha, Il-Young Jang, Ji-Won Jung, Hyung-Jin Cho, Su-Kil Park
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2013; 30(2): 145. CrossRef

A Clinical Usefulness of Office Hysteroscopy.: Min Whan Koh, Tae Hyung Lee, Jeong Suk Kim, Yoon Young Choi, Sang Hoon Jeong; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2005;22(1):81-89. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2005.22.1.81

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Hysteroscopy is considered to be the gold standard not only for visualizing the cervical canal and the uterine cavity, but also for treating many different types of benign pathologies localized to those regions. The advent and evolution of endoscopic imaging and surgery during the last two decades has added new dimensions to the armamentarium of a gynecologist to combat intrauterine lesions. Office hysteroscopy is increasingly being used as a first line investigation for abnormal uterine bleeding and other diseases involving the uterine cavity. The aim of our study is to assess the diagnostic and operative efficacy of office hysteroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our department, 140 patients underwent a hysteroscopy examination and 18 of these underwent an office based hysteroscopy examination from September 1995 to March 2005. The cases who underwent an office based hysteroscopy examination were reviewed in order to assess the clinical usefulness and significance in the management of intrauterine lesions. RESULTS: Major indication was abnormal uterine bleeding (12 cases, 66.7%). The others were a missed IUD and infertility. The hysteroscopic findings were a normal uterine cavity (6 cases, 33.3%), IUD in situ, polyp, submucosal myoma, endometrial hyperplasia and a placenta remnant. CONCLUSION: Office hysteroscopy is a safe, quick and effective method for making an intrauterine evaluation. In addition, it provides immediate results, offers the capacity of direct targeted biopsies of suspicious focal lesions, and offers the direct treatment of some intrauterine conditions.

The Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence of The Women in Daegu.: Sung Chul Park, Min Whan Koh, Tae Hyung Lee, Hyeon Sook Youn; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2004;21(1):60-66. Published online June 30, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2004.21.1.60

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BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of urinary incontinence and its correlation to the underlying diseases of women in Daegu. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urinary incontinence questionnaire regarding age, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), parity, delivery mode, menopausal status, history of hormonal replacement therapy, abortion history, and any underlying diseases were administered from May to November, 2001 to 412 women over 20 who had been randomly selected from the Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Yeungnam University. The clinical characteristics of women who experience, and those who do not experience urinary incontinence were compared by means of the Student's t-test for continuous variables and by the Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean age of the urinary incontinent group (N=193) was 44.2 years. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of incontinence with the increase of age (p=0.000). The prevalence of urinary incontinence was significantly related to the number of deliveries and the mode of delivery (p=0.007, p=0.001) No significant relationship was demonstrated between urinary incontinence and BMI (body mass index) ; the number of abortions; hormonal status; or any underlying diseases such as thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, and chronic respiratory disease. Also, most of the urinary incontinent women didn't recognize their incontinence as pathological and consequently, didn't consult a physician. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that the prevalence of urinary incontinence is significantly correlated to age, parity, and the mode of delivery. Most of the middle-aged women who suffered from urinary incontinence didn't recognize their incontinence a pathological. Those results suggest that women in this age group need more information and more education about urinary incontinence.

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Knowledge and Attitudes About Urinary Incontinence Among Community-Dwelling Korean American Women
Youngmi Kang
Journal of Wound, Ostomy & Continence Nursing.2009; 36(2): 194. CrossRef
Prevalence Rate and Associated Factors of Urinary Incontinence among Nursing Home Residents
Moon-Sil Kim, Seung-Hee Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(1): 92. CrossRef
Social and Cultural Construction of Urinary Incontinence among Korean American Elderly Women
Youngmi Kang, Neva L. Crogan
Geriatric Nursing.2008; 29(2): 105. CrossRef

The Efficacy of Biofeedback and Electrical Stimulation by Kontinence HMT2000 in the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence Patients.: Yeun Kyoung Bae, Dae Hyung Lee, Sung Chul Park, Sung Hee Jin, Min Whan Koh, Tae Hyung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2003;20(1):36-44. Published online June 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2003.20.1.36

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BACKGROUND
To evaluate the efficacy of EMG biofeedback and pelvic floor electrical stimulation in the stress urinary incontinence patients by Kontinence HMT2000. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of 14 patients with stress urinary incontinence were treated with combined biofeedback and intravaginal electrical stimulation during 12 sessions from 2 weeks to 6 weeks. RESULTS: At immediate post treatment, subjective cure rate was 28% and improvement rate was 57% and failure rate was 15%. Thus the overall success rate for this treatment was 85%. The result of 3 months after treatment showed cure rate 14% and improvement rate was 43%. Intravaginal pressure increased by an average of 11.9 cmH2O. Increased vaginal pressure was found in 93% of the patients and more than 50% increment of intravaginal pressure was 71%. CONCLUSIONS: Combined biofeedback and pelvic floor electrical stimulation by use of Kontinence HMT2000 is effective for the patients who have good compliance, relative low degree stress urinary incontinence. In order to attain good results, a well structured program that teaches specific muscle exercise and the patients should be followed by regular interval reinforcement treatment.

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Effects of Electric Stimulation and Biofeedback for Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise in Women with Vaginal Rejuvenation Women
Jung Bok Lee, So Young Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(5): 713. CrossRef

The Clitoral Size of the Korean Female Newborn.: Suk Yong Won, Min Whan Koh, Tae Hyung Lee, Mi Jung Eun, Jung Sook Kim, Ok Kyung Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2001;18(2):287-292. Published online December 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2001.18.2.287

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BACKGROUND
To determine mean clitoral and glans size of Korean female newborn. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The size of glans and clitoris of 68 Korean female newborns born at Yeungnam University Medical Center were measured from May in 1999 to August in 1999. RESULTS: The mean size of the 68 newborns were 2.38+/-1.14 mm in glans length, 2.55+/-1.48 mm in glans width and 4.66+/-1.93 mm in clitoral length. In the premature infants the mean clitoral size was 1.92+/-1.58 mm in glans length, 1.78+/-1.24 mm in glans width and 3.86+/-2.16 mm in clitoral length. In the full term infants 2.53+/-1.12 mm in glans length, 2.75+/-1.58 mm in glans width and 4.94+/-1.89 mm in clitoral length. In low birth weight infants clitoral size was measured 1.55+/-1.10 mm in glans length, 2.04+/-2.03 mm in glans width and 3.29+/-1.87 mm in clitoral length. In normal birth weight infants 2.53+/-1.13 mm in glans length, 2.68+/-1.48 mm in glans width and 4.92+/-1.91 mm in clitoral length. In high birth weight infants 1.54+/-0.50 mm in glans length, 1.63+/-0.53 mm in glans width and 3.18+/-1.04 mm in clitoral length. CONCLUSION: There was no significant correlation between gestational age and clitoral size or glans size, but significant negative correlation was found between birth weight and clitoral size or glans size.

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Reference values for penile and clitoral lengths of healthy term Egyptian newborn infants
Magda Badawy, Lubna A Fawaz, Hend Abd El Baky, Amr Elkhashab, Ahmed A Hussein, Marwa F Mira
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health.2022; 58(1): 157. CrossRef
The role of androgens in clitorophallus development and possible applications to transgender patients
Frances Grimstad, Elizabeth R. Boskey, Amir Taghinia, Carlos R. Estrada, Oren Ganor
Andrology.2021; 9(6): 1719. CrossRef
Country-based reference values and international comparisons of clitoral size in healthy Nigerian newborn infants
Olumide Olatokunbo Jarrett, Omolola Ouwakemi Ayoola, Björn Jonsson, Kerstin Albertsson-Wikland, Martin Ritzen
Acta Paediatrica.2015; 104(12): 1286. CrossRef

A case of Adnexal Torsion in Pregnancy.: Kwang Young Hwang, Kyung Sook Jeon, Bong Gyu Lee, Eun Ji Lee, Tae Hyung Lee, Min Whan Koh; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1999;16(1):137-140. Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1999.16.1.137

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Abstract PDF: Adnexal torsion is not a common surgical emergency in Obstetrics and Gynecology. and is not observed frequently during pregnancy with its incidence being one out of about 5,000 pregnancies: Pregnancy is a factor that encourages torsion. The traditional treatment for ischemic and twisted adnexa consists of oophorectomy or salpingo-oophorectomy. with early diagnosis, a conservative approach is recommended in cases of young women to assure future fertility. with a brief review ofliterature, we report a case of unilateral salphingo-oophorectomy during pregnancy due to adnexal torsion with the delivery of a normal baby.

Delayed Resolution of Cervical Lesion of Ectopic Pregnancy Treated by Intra-amnionic Methotrexate(MTX) Instillation: A Case Report.: Kuk Sun Han, Tae Kee Jang, Kang Hyok Lee, Min Whan Koh, Tae Hyung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1999;16(1):131-136. Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1999.16.1.131

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The Preventive Effect of Antenatal Administration of Ambroxol on the Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome.: Eun Sil Lee, Kyung Ah Kim, Son Moon Shin, Min Whan Koh, Tae Hyung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1999;16(1):52-59. Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1999.16.1.52

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Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of antenatal ambroxol administration to the mothers who were imminent preterm delivery on preventing the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Forty-two preterm newborn infants who were delivered at Yeungnam University Hospital from January 1996 to December 1997 were divided into two groups, twenty-one ambroxol-treated group and twenty-one control group. Six cases of respiratory distress syndromes developed from 21 ambroxol-treated infants. but thirteen cases of RDS developed from 21 control infants. It indicated significant reduction of occurrence of RDS by antenatal administration of ambroxol (p<0.05). There were no differences in the occurrence of adverse effects of ambroxol in mothers between two groups, ambroxol-treated and control groups. There was also no difference between pre- and post-treatment hematologic and biochemical parameters in ambroxol-treated group. In conclusion, when premature delivery is expected, administration of ambroxol before delivery enhances lung maturation in premature newborn infants and prevents the occurrence of respiratory distress syndromes without significant adverse effects.

Two Cases of Combined Pregnancy Following IVF-ET.: Kyung Ah Lee, Yang Soo Kwak, Kuk Sun Han, Min Whan Koh, Tae Hyung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):262-268. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.262

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Abstract PDF: Combined intrauterine and ectopic (heterotopic) pregnancy occurs in approximately 1 in 30,000 spontaneous gestations. Heterotopic gestations are increased in women who have had reconstructive pelvic surgery, Pelvic inflammatory disease and artificial ovarian hyperstimulation. Patients who require assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization / embryo transfer and gamete intrafallopian transfer, also have an increased risk of a heterotopic pregnancy. We experienced two cases of combined pregnancy following IVF-ET. Following is a report of these cases with a brief review of references.

Values of Alpha-fetoprotein of Maternal Serum in Normal Pregnancy.: Mok Jin Kim, Kuk Sun Han, Jae Hong An, Jeung Ho Suh, Young Gi Lee, Yoon Kee Park, Tae Hyung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):168-174. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.168

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Abstract PDF: Alphafetoprotein(AFP) is a glycoprotein synthesized by the fetus early in gestation by the yolk sac and later by the gastrointestinal tract and liver. The concentration of AFP is highest in fetal serum and amniotic fluid around 13th week, and 32nd week in maternal serum. Some conditions are associated with abnormal maternal serum AFP concentration. For examples, neural tube defects, omphalocele, renal anomalies are associated with elevated maternal serum AFP and fetal death, chromosomal trisomies are associated with low level of maternal serum AFP. So maternal serum AFP screening plays a significant role in assessing candidates for prenatal diagnosis and prenatal counselling in pregnant women. This study evaluates the normal ranges of AFP using enzyme immunoassay in normal pregnant women. We studied 500 normal pregnant women who visited the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yeungnam Medical Center, Yeungnam University during the period through January, 1993 to September, 1996. The group of the study were selected randomly at various gestational ages from 8 to 41 weeks. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The lowest level of AFP in our study group was 2.1ng/ml at 8 weeks of gestation. Thereafter serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations rose rapidly to reach a peak value at 32nd week. 2. The mean levels of AFP in the primipara and multipara were 166.37+/-12.06ng/ml, and 223.78+/-14.00ng/ml, respectively, showing stastiscally significant difference between these two groups(p<0.01). 3. The mean levels of AFP between mothers who delivered male and female babies were 192.96+/-13.00ng/ml, and 194.29+/-13.84ng/ml, respectively, without statistically significant difference(p>0.05). 4. The normal ranges of maternal serum AFP according to each gestational week were evaulated.

Successful Live Birth of Woman with Antiphospholipid Syndrome.: Ho Yeul Lee, Jung Ho Seo, Sang Won Lee, Young Gi Lee, Min Whan Koh, Tae Hyung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1996;13(1):141-145. Published online June 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1996.13.1.141

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Abstract PDF: The antiphospholipid antibodies are characterized by prolonged phospholipid-dependent coagulation test (known as APTT or Russel viper venom), thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and fetal loss. The association of antiphospholipid antibodies with one or more of these characteristic clinical features has been termed the i antiphospholipid syndrome. We have experienced a case of successful live birth after treated a woman with heparin and aspirin who has experienced spontaneous abortion four times with antiphospholipid antibodies and present it with the review of literature.

Ovum Donation.: Tae Hyung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1995;12(2):178-190. Published online December 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1995.12.2.178

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

The Effect of EDTA and Fetal Cord Serum Supplementation to Ham's F-10 Culture Medium on Development Potential of Mouse Embryos in Vitro: Byeong Seog Kim, Young GI Lee, Yoon Kee Park, Tae Hyung Lee, Sung Ho Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1995;12(1):124-134. Published online June 30, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1995.12.1.124

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Abstract PDF: It is the most important to select optimal culture conditions to promote safe embryo growth in the technique of human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. It has been shown that the addition of biologic fluids, such as blood serum, of various origins, improved fertilization and early cleavage rates in numerous species. The purpose of this study is to attempt to measure developmental potential of mouse eggs fertilized and cleaved in Ham's F10 culture medium containing a chelating agent, EDTA and fetal cord serum. In this study, we selected 40 female mice and 20 male mice, and investigated optimal serum concentration' for mouse embryo growth. Two cell stage mouse embryos were cultured in Ham's F-10 medium, Ham's F-10 medium with various concentrations of EDTA, or Ham's F-10 medium with EDTA and 10% human cord serum. Developmental ratios to morula in Ham's F-10 medium containing various concentrations of EDTA and/or 10% fetal cord serum were significantly higher than in unsupplemented Ham's F-10 medium (p<0.05). Developmental ratios to blastocyst in Ham's F-10 containing 10% fetal cord serum and 5011M or 100µM EDTA were significantly higher than in unsupplemented Ham's F-10 medium (p<0.05). Developmental ratios to morula in Ham's F-10 containing 10% fetal cord serum and 100µM EDTA were significantly higher than in Ham's F-10 with 10% fetal cord serum used commonly in many human IVF centers (p<0.05). Developmental ratio to blastocyst in Ham's F-10 containing 10% fetal cord serum and 100µM EDTA was significantly higher than in Ham's F-10 with 200µM EDTA (p<0.05). In summary, embryo development to morula and blastocyst was significantly higher in the presence of human cord serum or EDTA than in the unsupplemented medium. The most significantly development to morula and blastocyst was obtained at Ham’s F-10 medium with 100µM concentration of EDTA and 10% fetal cord serum. These results suggest that Ham’s F-10 medium containing 10% fetal cord serum and optimal concentrations of EDTA significantly promoted early cleavage of mouse zygotes, and these will be useful as basic data for the selection of culture medium in human in vitro fertilization.

Gynecologic Application of the Pelviscopic Surgery.: Seok Bong Koh, Jae Yeoul Lee, Young Gi Lee, Yoon Kee Park, Doo Jin Lee, Tae Hyung Lee, Sung Ho Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1994;11(1):127-134. Published online June 30, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1994.11.1.127

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Abstract PDF: The aim of this study was to identify the usefulness of pelviscopy in treatment besides its diagnostic value. The advantages of pelviscopic surgery are low cost, rapid recovery, good cosmetic effect, low incidence of complication and postoperative adhesion. So most of the pelvic exploration in gynecologic patients are replaced by the pelviscopic surgery these days. Pelviscopic surgery was performed on 136 patients at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Yenungnam University from May 1991 to July 1993. The results obtained were as follows : The age distribution of the patients was from 19 to 55 with age of 31.2 years, and the mean parity was 0.96, the most common indication of pelviscopic surgery was tubal pregnancy(66.9%), the second most common indications was ovarian cyst(10.3%) and the other indications were endometriosis, corpus iuteum cyst rupture, parovarian cyst, foreign body, tubal ligation, hydrosalpinx, uterine myoma and in 16.3%. The mean duration of hospitalization was 2.1 days without specific complications. According to these results, it was postulated that the pelviscopic surgery was a useful operative tool in gynecologic treatment and its application could be extended to many other areas of gynecology with safety by the development of surgical techniques and instruments.

C-reactive protein inpregnancy and labor.: Jong Ho Kim, Byung Suk Kim, Jae Yul Lee, Young Gi Lee, Tae Hyung Lee, Seung Ho Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1993;10(2):298-305. Published online December 31, 1993; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1993.10.2.298

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Abstract PDF: In order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of maternal serum C-reactive protein measurement in early detection of infectious morbidity at term laboring women, serum C-reactive protein levels were measured in 521 healthy pregnant women : 64 who were not in labor before term, 55 who were in labor before term, 71 who were not in labor at term and 331 who were in labor at term. The frequencies of elevated serum C-reactive protein level were compared in relation to the gestational weeks, the presence or absence of labor, the status of amniotic membranes and the degree of cervical dilation. The obtained results were as follows. 1. The frequencies of women with elevated serum C-reactive protein, 0.8 mg/dl or higher and 2.9 mg/dl or higher, in 521 health pregnant women were, 12 % and 4 %, respectively. 2. C-reactive pretein levels of 0.8 mg/dl or higher were more frequent in the group of women in labor than those not in labor(5. 93 %, vs, 13.73 %, p<0.05), but the frequencies of C-reactive protein level of 2.0 mg/dl or higher were not statistically different between both groups. The frequencies of C-reactive protein level of 0.8 mg/dl or higher and 2.0 mg/dl or higher were not statistically different between the groups before term and at term, intact and ruptured membranes, latent phase and active phase of labor, respectively. 3. Before term, C-reactive protein levels of 0.8 mg/dl or higher and 2.0 mg/dl or higher were more frequent in the group of women in labor than those not in labor(23.64 vs. 4.69, p<0.001 and 12.73% vs. 3.13%, p<0.05, respectively), but those statistical differences were not seen between both group at term. Above results and review of literature suggest that serum C-reactive protein level of 2.0 mg/dl or higher may be reliable in early detection of infectious morbidity at term laboring women as well as laboring women before term, and the presence of subclinical infection should be suspected in the laboring women before term with serum C-reactive protein level of 0.8 mg/dl or higher.

Increased carboxyhemoglobin and serum iron concentration as an indicator of increased red cell turnover in preeclampsia.: Sang Heon Kim, Kwang Hee Lee, Mi Sook Kim, Young Gi Lee, Yoon Kee Park, Tae Hyung Lee, Sung Ho Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1993;10(1):68-76. Published online June 30, 1993; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1993.10.1.68

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Abstract PDF: Pregnancy induced hypertension is multifaceted syndrome with variable involvement of several key organ systems, so sensitive and specific laboratory tests for predicting severity and prognosis. and early diagnosis of this disease are required. Because heme catabolism results in equimolar production of carboxyhemoglobin, iron and bilirubin, a concomittant rise of these parameters would provide confirmation of increased heme catabolism. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia may occurs in severe preeclampsia, but it is not known whether increased red cell turnover - occurs with mild preeclampsia as complication. The purpose of this study was to confirm that increased heme catabolism also occurs in patients with mild preeclampsia. The analysis of data was done on 23 cases with mild preeclampsia and 35 normal pregnant women, who were admitted to Yeungnam University Hospital from October 1992 to March 1993. The results were as follows. 1. The mean antepartum serum iron concentration was significantly higher in the group with mild preeclampsia (86.5+/-6.1 microg/dl) than in the controls (53.2+/-5.3 microg/dl). 2. The mean antepartum and postpartum carboxyhemoglobin concentrations were significantly higher in the group with mild preeclampsia (antepartum : 2.55+/-0.42 mg/dl, postpartum 1.21+/-0.4 mg/dl) than the controls (antepartum : 0.61+/-0.2 mg/dl, postpartum 0.53+/-0.2 mg/dl) 3. During postpartum, carboxyhemoglobin concentration in preeclampsia reduced significantly from antepartum level, but there was no difference between antepartum and postpartum carboxyhemoglobin concentrations among controls. 4. Bilirubin concentrations were similiar in both groups

A case of meigs' syndrome occured in pregnancy.: Dae Hyun Cho, Sang Heon Kim, Min Whan Koh, Tae Hyung Lee, Sung Ho Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1992;9(1):197-202. Published online June 30, 1992; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1992.9.1.197

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Abstract PDF: Meigs' syndrome consists of an ovarian fibroma, or fibroma-like benign tumor, associated with fluid in both abdomen and chest. Characteristically, the ascites and hydrothorax disappeared and do not recurred following removal of the ovarian tumor. The authors presented a case of Meigs' syndrome that was cured by surgical removal of ovarian tumor and resulted in normal pregnancy outcome in 27-year-old pregnant woman with a brief review of literatures.

Study of pH and gas analysis of umbilical arterial blood and apgar score as indicators of newborn health.: Dae Hyun Cho, Mi Na Lee, Min Whan Koh, Tae Hyung Lee, Sung Ho Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(1):98-106. Published online June 30, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.1.98

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Apgar score is most widely used evaluating indicator of newborn health, but it is very subjective. Umbilical cord blood gas analysis is more objective and effective than Apgar score in evaluation of newborn status. Cord blood gas was changed slightly by processing of time after fetal birth. This study was undertaken to observe objectiveness and effectiveness of umbilical arterial blood gas analysis and effects of time interval of cord clamping to newborn health with 122 pregnant women and their babies. We observed following results: 1. There were poor correlation between Apgar score and umbilical cord arterial blood analysis in evaluating of newborn health (P>0.05). 2. There was no clinical significance of Apgar score or umbilical arterial blood gas analysis as single indicator in evaluating of newborn health (P>0.05). 3. Gas analysis and pH of umbilical arterial blood was more helpful in evaluating of newborn health than Apgar score. 4. There were no significant effects of time interval of umbilical cord clamping to newborn health. 5. If there were no indications of early umbilical cord clamping, cord blood sampling at immediately after birth without cord clamping was more effective to evaluate newborn status.

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Assessment of the Value of the Umbilical Cord Blood Gas Parameter as Indicator of the Neonatal Condition
Jeong Min Lee, Hoon Bum Shin, Young Bae Choi, Na Mi Lee, Dae Yong Yi, Sin Weon Yun, Soo Ahn Chae, In Seok Lim
Perinatology.2018; 29(1): 8. CrossRef

A Case of Fetal Nuchal Cystic Hygroma.: Yung Ha Choi, Chung Ok Park, Wan Seok Park, Tae Hyung Lee, Sung Ho Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1989;6(1):165-169. Published online June 30, 1989; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1989.6.1.165

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Abstract PDF: Fetal cystic hygroma is a rare congenital malformation of the lymphatic system appearing as a single or multiloculated fluid-filled cavity, most often in the neck. A case of fetal nuchal cystic hygroma was diagnosed by Ultrasonography at 22 weeks of gestation and the diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy. We present the case with a brief review of literature.

Diagnostic Values of pH of Vaginal Discharge, Amine Test, and Microscopic Examination of Infectious Vaginitis.: Jae Dong Choi, Gi Duk Kim, Min Whan Koh, Tae Hyung Lee, Wun Yong Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1988;5(2):129-139. Published online December 31, 1988; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1988.5.2.129

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Abstract PDF: Vaginitis is one of the most common disease in gynecologic field in recent days. About 90% of these patients suffer from the infection of the vagina caused by Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida, or Trichomonas, either alone or in combination. For the effective diagnosis and management, it is essential to get an accurate identification of the causative agent. Applying simple and easy diagnostic methods such as pH of vaginal discharge, amine test and microscopic examination of wet mount preparation of normal saline and 10% KOH to 549 cases of randomly selected patients visiting Out-patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Yeungnam University Hospital through May 1st to Sept. 31st, 1987, the following results were obtained. 1. In the Gardnerella vaginitis vaginal pH was more than 5.0 in 81.0% of total cases, positive amine test in 62.8%, decreased lactobacilli in 77.4% & decreased WBC counts in 70.1%, In the Trichomonas vaginitis vaginal pH more than 5.0 was noted in 93.3% of the cases, negative amine test in 90%, decreased showed vaginal pH of 3.0~4.0 in 83.2%, negative amine test in 90%, decreased lactobacilli in 90% & increased WBC counts in 93.3%, whereas Candida vaginitis and normal groups showed vaginal pH of 3.0~4.0 in 83.2%, negative amine test in 100%, normal distribution of lactobacilli in 89.7%, normal WBC counts in 72.4%. 2. The accuracy rates of physical diagnosis by wet mount preparation of normal saline and 10% KOH revealed 26.3%, 47.5%, 70.0% in Gardnerella vaginitis, Candida vaginitis, and Trichomonas vaginitis, respectively. The vaginal pH and amine test showed 83.2% of accuracy rate in Candida vaginitis group, 60.6% in Gardnerella vaginitis group and 83.3% in Trichomonas vaginitis group. 3. In 23 cases of Gardnerella vaginitis showing vaginal pH of 3.0 or 4.0 and positive amine test, the clue cells were observed in 10% or less in 12 cases, 30% in 5 cases, 50% in 4 cases and 50% or more in 2 cases. In summary vaginal pH and amine test could be useful in screening and differentiating the different types of infectious vaginitis. Furthermore by adding microscopic examination of normal saline and 10% KOH wet mount preparation to them, they not only could obtain higher diagnostic accuracy rate but would be more valuable in selecting the patients requiring cultures to confirm the diagnoses.

A Study of Serum HBV Markers in Term Pregnant Women and Their Neonates.: Tae Hyung Lee, Wan Seok Park, Sung Rim Kim, Kang Wan Lee, Sung Ho Lee, Wun Yong Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1987;4(2):121-129. Published online December 31, 1987; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1987.4.2.121

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Abstract PDF: To evaluate the status of hepatitis B virus infection in the mothers and neonates and to determine the maternal-neonatal transmission of hepatitis B virus, 2,276 term pregnant women were screened for presence of serum HBsAg, at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeungnam University Hospital, during the period of 18 months from Jan. 1986 to Jun. 1987, and the sera of sixty-six HBsAg carrier mothers and their neonates were tested for HBV markers and liver enzymes. The results were as follows: 1. The prevalence rate of asymptomatic HBsAg carrier in the term pregnant women was 4.7% (53/1,279). 2. Positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs in the sera of sixty-six neonates born to asymptomatic HBsAg carrier mothers were 12.1% and 9.1%, respectively. Transient elevation of SGOT (three to four times of upper normal limit) was detected in one of eight HBsAg-positive neonates and one of six anti-HBs positive neonates. 3. Positive rates of anti-HBc, HBeAg and anti-HBe in the sera of sixty-six asymptomatic HBsAg carrier term pregnant women were 93.9%, 45.5%, 50%, respectively. The rates of transmission of maternal anti-HBc, HBeAg and anti-HBe to the neonates were 85.5 (53/62), 90% (27/30) and 87.9% (29/33), respectively. 4. Serum HBsAg was detected in four of thirty neonates born to HBeAg positive HBsAg carrier mother, three of thirty-three neonates born to anti-HBe positive HBsAg carrier mothers, and one of three neonates born to both HBeAg and anti-HBe negative HBsAg carrier mothers.

A Clinical Study on Macrosomia.: Kang Wan Lee, Jong Wook Kim, Tae Hyung Lee, Wan Seok Park, Sung Ho Lee, Wun Yong Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):293-299. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.293

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Abstract PDF: Obstetric problems concerning macrosomia were evaluated by retrospective review of 91 pregnancies that resulted in the delivery of an infant weighing 4,000 gm or more at the Yeungnam University Hospital during 3 1/2 years from Jun 1983 to Oct 1986. The results obtained were as follows 1. Macrosomic infants weighing 4,000 gm or more occurred in 2.8% of the deliveries. 2. 65.9% of macrosomic infants and 53.5% of total infants were male. The ratio of male was statistically higher in the macrosomic infants than in the total infants (P<0.05) 3. The incidence of macrosomia was higher with increasing gestational age, and deliveries at 42 weeks or more gestation were more common in the macrosomic infants than in the total infants (P<0.01).

Clinical Survey of Cesarean Section.: Jae Wung Kim, Young Gi Lee, Jong Wook Kim, Tae Hyung Lee, Wan Seok Park, Sung Ho Lee, Wun Yong Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1986;3(1):249-260. Published online December 31, 1986; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1986.3.1.249

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Abstract PDF: Recent reports have noted the increase of and questioned the justification for cesarean section rate in the past decade. This study was carried out retrospectively based on the clinical charts of 510 patients who had been performed cesarean section among 3,357 deliveries at Yeungnam University Hospital from May, 9, 1983 through Nov., 30, 1986. The results were as follows 1. Overall incidence of cesarean section was 15.7% of total deliveries. Of these, 10.9% were by primary cesarean section and 4.7% by repeat operation. There has been a gradual increase in the cesarean section rate. 2. In the distribution of age, the 26-30 aged group was the most prevalent (60.2%). 3. The most common indications for cesarean section were previous cesarean section (30.2%), CPD (26.9%), malpresentation (22.7%), and fetal distress (3.5%). In primipara, CPD was the most frequent and in multipara malpresentation. 4. A great proportion (31.6%) was done at 40th gestational week. 5. In the weight distribution of infants, the group of 3,000-3,499 gm was the most prevalent (39.8%), premature baby was 9.1%, and giant baby was 5.6%. 6. In the type of operation, lower segment transverse cesarean section was the most (97.5%). 7. In the combined surgery, sterilization was the most prevalent and the next was ovarian cystectomy, hysterectomy, and myomectomy in order. 8. In the type of the anesthesia, general anesthesia was 83.5%. 9. Maternal morbidity was 14.7. Among the cause of this morbidity, wound infection was the most and the next was urinary tract infection, fever of unknown origin. and atonic bleeding in order. 10. It was found that 18.4% was maternal morbidity in the patients below 10 gm Hb. In this group, maternal morbidity was markedly increased as the level of Hb was decreased. 11. Maternal morbidity was increased as the duration of ruptured membrane was prolonged. In the group of over 24 hours after rupture of membrane, it was markedly increased (44.4%). 12. Maternal morbidity was increased as the duration of labor was prolonged. In the group of over 12 hours after the onset of labor, it was 24.6%. 13. Maternal morbidity of lower segment transverse cesarean section was the least (14.1%). 14. Maternal morbidity of emergency cesarean section was about two times as much as elective cesarean section.

A Clinical Review of Ectopic Pregnancy.: Tai Young Hwang, Yong Yun Nah, Jong Wook Kim, Wan Seok Park, Tae Hyung Lee, Sung Ho Lee, Wun Yong Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1985;2(1):229-235. Published online December 31, 1985; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1985.2.1.229

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Abstract PDF: This study was undertaken for the clinical evaluation and statistical analysis on the 88 women with histopathologically confirmed ectopic pregnancies who were admitted and treated from grand opening on May-28, 1983 to Sept.-30, 1985. Incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 1 in 22.2 deliveries and the most common age group was in 30~34 years of age. There was tendency of decreasing incidences as the gravidity, parity or artificial abortion were over 3. The most common etiologic factor was pelvic inflammatory disease and procedures for family planning were the next common. Common symptoms were lower abdominal pain (85.2%) and vaginal spotting (56.8%). At the admission, hemoglobin level under 10gm% were 44.3%. 69.5% of urine HCG tests were positive. Culdocentesis was positive only in 75.9%. Termination was frequent at 6~7 weeks of gestation mostly with rupture or abortion. Free blood in the abdominal cavity was averaged 1,224ml. 4 cases of clinicobiochemically suspected ectopic pregnancies with spontaneous regression were excluded, and there was no fatal case treated in hospital.

Diagnostic Value of Serum Beta-hCG Measured by EIA in Suspected Ectopic Pregnancy.: Yoon Ki Park, Jong Wook Kim, Tae Hyung Lee, Wan Seok Park, Sung Ho Lee, Wun Yong Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1985;2(1):221-227. Published online December 31, 1985; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1985.2.1.221

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Abstract PDF: Thirty-four patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy whose serum hCG levels had been measured by beta-hCG EIA before surgery were evaluated retrospectively. The results were as follows: 1. Final diagnosis of thirty- four patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy comprised twenty-eight tubal pregnancy, five ruptures of hemorrhagic corpus luteum and one tubo-ovarian abscess. One of the five patients with rupture of hemorrhagic corpus luteum was accompanied by missed abortion. 2. Range of serum hCG levels in twenty-eight patients with tubal pregnancy was 59-21, 980 mIU/ml and that of four patients with rupture of hemorrhagic corpus luteum and one patient with tubo-ovarian abscess was 0.6-6.6 mIU/ml. Serum hCG level of a patient with rupture of hemorrhagic corpus luteum who was accompanied by missed abostion was 200 mIU/ml. 3. Serum hCG levels in twenty-two of twenty-eight patients with tubal pregnancy were lower than 3,000 mIU/ml. Low serum hCG level below 100 mIU/ml and high serum hCG levl above 6,500 mIU/ml were noticed in four and six patients with tubal pregnancy recpectively. 4. Mean serum hCG levels (±SD) of twelve patients with tubal pregnancy who had intraabdominal free blood of less than 500ml and sixteen patients with tubal pregnancy who had intraabdominal free blood of more than 500ml were 4,131 (±7,801) mIU/ml and 3,208 (±5,081) mIU/ml, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the mean level of serum hCG between both group (P>0.05). 5. Mean serum hCG levels (±SD) of thirteen patients with unruptured tubal pregnancy and fifteen patients with ruptured tubal pregnancy were 2,628 (±5,448) mIU/ml and 4,449 (±6,938) mIU/ml, respectively. Mean level of serum hCG was statistically higher in ruptured tubal pregnancy (P<0.01). 6. Positive rate of urine pregnancy test in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was 64% (16/25) and mean range of serum hCG level of nine patients with false negative result were 353 mIU/ml and 59933 mIU/ml.

Comparative Study of Intrauterine Irrigation and Intravenous Injection with Cephradine at Cesarean Section.: Jai Dong Choi, Jong Wook Kim, Tae Hyung Lee, Wan Seok Park, Sung Ho Lee, Wun Yong Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1985;2(1):203-210. Published online December 31, 1985; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1985.2.1.203

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Abstract PDF: Febrile morbidity after cesarean section is one of the major problems in obstetric practice. This morbidity is most often due to endometritis. Although parenteral prophylactic antibiotics or antibiotic irrigation has been reported to reduce the incidence of endometritis after cesarean section, its incidence remains high. Among the patients who were undergoing cesarean section at Yeungnam University Hospital from the beginning of March, 1985, three group were evaluated in the orders. 1) 30 cases as intrauterine irrigation group with cephradine solution, 2) 35 cases as intravenous injection group with cephradine, 3) 35 cases as control group are neither irrigated nor injected. Febrile morbidity was also evaluated by means of a fever index. The incidence of clinically diagnosed endometritis in the three group were 6.7%, 2.9%, and 22.9%. As these results, two study groups were markedly reduced the incidence of endometritis than control group. There was no significant difference between the intrauterine irrigation with cephradine and control, but significant difference between the intravenous cephradine injection and control (P<0.05). With the results of fever index analysis, both prophylactic intrauterine irrigation and intravenous injection markedly reduce the incidence of endometritis after cesarean section with statistical significance (P<0.05), and also markedly reduce the febrile degree.

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